Adolphe Schloss

Adolphe Schloss
Born	10 August 1842 Furth, Lower Bavaria
Died	31 December 1910 Paris
Nationality	French

Adolphe Schloss (10 August 1842 – 31 December 1910) was a German-French art collector.

Life

Schloss was born to a Jewish family in Furth, Lower Bavaria. He married Mathilde Lucie Haas and together they collected works of art from the Northern and Southern Netherlands that became notable in the 1900s as the Ad. Schloss collection. They held a gallery at Salon Adolphe Schloss, residence 38, avenue Henri Martin, Paris. After Adolphe's death there, his widow continued to collect paintings and lent her works to various exhibitions as Mme. A. Schloss or Frau Adolphe Schloß in Paris.

The Schloss collection

The Collection

Portrait of an Old Man

Frans Hals - Portrait of Adrianus Tegularius

The collection was "regarded as one of the last great Dutch art collections to be assembled in 19th century France". "Paintings were hung from floor to ceiling on the walls of the Schloss residence". During the lifetime of Adolphe Schloss, paintings from the collection were regularly loaned for exhibitions across Europe, including the 1903 exhibition in The Hague - Oude Portretten. The collection "contained many paintings from Dutch and Flemish masters including Rubens, Rembrandt, and Ruysdael". Other artists in the collection included Hals, Cuyp and Brueghel.

Nazi art looting

Portrait of a Man, perhaps Dammas Jansz. Pesser, by Bartholomeus van der Helst, restituted in 2016.

Frau Schloss died in 1938 and the collection was left to their children Marguerite, Henry, Juliette and Lucien. By that time it was clear the respected collection had been targeted by the Nazis and the heirs moved what they could to Château de Chambon, Laguenne for safekeeping during the war, where it was looted by the Vichy government in 1943. Of the 333 objects seized there, only 230 were actually offered to Hitler's Führer museum and 49 were saved for France and given to the Louvre. The paintings intended for the Linz museum were sent to Germany, but arrived too late to be sent for storage in one of the mines. They were put in to a vault in one of the party buildings on Konigsplatz. By the time anyone from the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program arrived most of the collection had disappeared.

Subsequent fate

After the war all were lost, but gradually 148 objects could be rediscovered. In 2016 a painting, Portrait of a Man by Van der Helst, looted from the Schloss collection in 1943 was to be auctioned at the Im Kinsky auction house in Vienna. The lot was pulled at the request of the French government.

Among the portraits was “Old man with a white beard and a black hat”, attributed to Rembrandt which was returned to the Schloss family in 1999 and is not now considered to be by Rembrandt. Another portrait from the collection, Portrait of Adrianus Tegularius by Frans Hals, was sold several times with a fake or ambiguous provenance. It was the subject of an extensive series of court cases that eventually lead to the conviction of an art dealer for possession of artwork looted during the Second World War. Another portrait from the collection by van der Helst was listed in auction in 2016. It was removed from the auction following the intervention of the French Government.

References

• Schloss collection in the Jewish Digital Cultural Recovery Project

Links

• French government website
• English summary about the collection
• Soixante-dix tableaux de la collection de feu M. Adolphe Schloss : [mis en vente] à Paris, by Adolphe Schloss, Galerie Charpentier, 25 mai 1949.