Aluminium ethoxide

Aluminium ethoxide
Names
	Other names Aluminium ethoxide; Triethoxyaluminum
Identifiers
CAS Number	555-75-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	21171290;
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.279
PubChem CID	16685041;
UNII	S34F5V33DX ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7027203 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3C2H5O.Al/c31-2-3;/h32H2,1H3;/q3-1;+3 Key: JPUHCPXFQIXLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N; InChI=1/3C2H5O.Al/c31-2-3;/h32H2,1H3;/q3-1;+3/rC6H15AlO3/c1-4-8-7(9-5-2)10-6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3 Key: JPUHCPXFQIXLMW-MHHMYNCNAZ;
	SMILES CCO[Al](OCC)OCC;
Properties
Chemical formula	Al(OCH2CH3)3
Molar mass	162.165 g·mol−1
Appearance	White powder
Density	1.142 g/cm3
Melting point	140 °C (284 °F; 413 K)
Boiling point	320 °C (608 °F; 593 K)
Solubility in water	reacts violently
Solubility	slightly soluble in xylene, chlorobenzene
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H228, H314
Precautionary statements	P210, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310
Flash point	210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Aluminium triethoxide (also aluminium ethoxide) is an metallo-organic compound with the empirical formula Al(O C H₂CH₃)₃. It is a moisture-sensitive white powder.^[2]

Properties

Structure of aluminium isopropoxide indicates the tendency of aluminium alkoxides to form aggregates.

Aluminium triethoxide is slightly soluble in hot dimethyl benzene, chlorobenzene and other high boiling point non-polar solvents.^[3] It hydrolyzes to aluminium hydroxide and ethanol:

Al(OEt)₃ + 3 H₂O → Al(OH)₃ + 3 EtOH

Although the structure of aluminium triethoxide has not been established by X-ray crystallography, the related aluminium isopropoxide has a tetrameric structure as verified by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The species is described by the formula Al[(μ-O-i-Pr)₂Al(O-i-Pr)₂]₃.^[4]^[5] The unique central Al is octahedral, and three other Al centers adopt tetrahedral geometry. A

Applications

Aluminium triethoxide is used as a reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones, and is also used as a polymerization catalyst. Aluminium triethoxide is mainly used in Sol-Gel Process preparation of high purity aluminium sesquioxide, which is a polymerization agent. At the same time, it is used as a reducing reagent, for example, carbonyl compounds that restore to alcohol.^{[clarification needed]}

Synthesis

Aluminium triethoxide is produced by treating aluminium with anhydrous alcohol. The aluminium is often activated with iodine or by amalgamation to accelerate the reaction.^[6]^[2]

Aluminium triethoxide has been evaluated as a catalyst for the synthesis of esters and carbonates.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Aluminum Ethoxide". American Elements. Retrieved 2019-07-15.
^ ^a ^b H. J. Becher (1963). "Aluminum Ethoxide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 1. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 834.
^ "Aluminium ethoxide". The Merck Index. Royal Society of Chemistry.
^ Folting, K.; Streib, W. E.; Caulton, K. G.; Poncelet, O.; Hubert-Pfalzgraf, L. G. (1991). "Characterization of aluminum isopropoxide and aluminosiloxanes". Polyhedron. 10 (14): 1639–46. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83775-4.
^ Turova, N. Y.; Kozunov, V. A.; Yanovskii, A. I.; Bokii, N. G.; Struchkov, Yu T.; Tarnopolskii, B. L. (1979). "Physico-chemical and structural investigation of aluminium isopropoxide." J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 41(1): 5-11, doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80384-X.
^ Wilhoit, R. C.; Burton, J. R.; Kuo, Fu-tien; Huang, Sui-Rong; Viquesnel, A. (1 December 1962). "Properties of aluminium ethoxide". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 24 (7): 851–861. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(62)80106-7. ISSN 0022-1902.
^ North, Michael; Young, Carl (2 November 2011). "Reducing the Cost of Production of Bimetallic Aluminium Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates". ChemSusChem. 4 (11): 1685–1693. Bibcode:2011ChSCh...4.1685N. doi:10.1002/cssc.201100239. PMID 22045591.

[sds-1] "Aluminum Ethoxide". American Elements. Retrieved 2019-07-15.

[Brauer-2] H. J. Becher (1963). "Aluminum Ethoxide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 1. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 834.

[3] "Aluminium ethoxide". The Merck Index. Royal Society of Chemistry.

[4] Folting, K.; Streib, W. E.; Caulton, K. G.; Poncelet, O.; Hubert-Pfalzgraf, L. G. (1991). "Characterization of aluminum isopropoxide and aluminosiloxanes". Polyhedron. 10 (14): 1639–46. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83775-4.

[5] Turova, N. Y.; Kozunov, V. A.; Yanovskii, A. I.; Bokii, N. G.; Struchkov, Yu T.; Tarnopolskii, B. L. (1979). "Physico-chemical and structural investigation of aluminium isopropoxide." J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 41(1): 5-11, doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80384-X.

[6] Wilhoit, R. C.; Burton, J. R.; Kuo, Fu-tien; Huang, Sui-Rong; Viquesnel, A. (1 December 1962). "Properties of aluminium ethoxide". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 24 (7): 851–861. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(62)80106-7. ISSN 0022-1902.

[7] North, Michael; Young, Carl (2 November 2011). "Reducing the Cost of Production of Bimetallic Aluminium Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates". ChemSusChem. 4 (11): 1685–1693. Bibcode:2011ChSCh...4.1685N. doi:10.1002/cssc.201100239. PMID 22045591.

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