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Andreapol

Coordinates: 56°39′N 32°15′E / 56.650°N 32.250°E / 56.650; 32.250
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For the air base, see Andreapol (air base).

Andreapol
Андреаполь
Town[1]
Coat of arms of Andreapol
Coat of arms
Location of Andreapol
Map
Andreapol is located in Russia
Andreapol
Andreapol
Location of Andreapol
Andreapol is located in Tver Oblast
Andreapol
Andreapol
Andreapol (Tver Oblast)
Coordinates: 56°39′N 32°15′E / 56.650°N 32.250°E / 56.650; 32.250
CountryRussia
Federal subjectTver Oblast[1]
Administrative districtAndreapolsky District[2]
Urban settlementAndreapol[2]
Founded1906
Town status since1967
Elevation
220 m (720 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[3]
 • Total8,286
 • Capital ofAndreapolsky District,[4] Andreapol Urban Settlement[2]
 • Municipal districtAndreapolsky Municipal District[5]
 • Urban settlementAndreapol Urban Settlement[5]
 • Capital ofAndreapolsky Municipal District,[6] Andreapol Urban Settlement[5]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[7])
Postal code(s)[8]
172800, 172801
OKTMO ID28602101001
Websitewww.andreapol.ru

Andreapol (Russian: Андреа́поль) is a town and the administrative center of Andreapolsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Valdai Hills on the left bank in the upper course of the Western Dvina. Population: 8,286 (2010 Census);[3] 9,317 (2002 Census);[9] 9,610 (1989 Soviet census);[10] 12,000 (1968).

Paleontology

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Fossils of Early Carboniferous (probably Visean) organisms were found within Andreapol territory. During the construction of an artesian well on the site of house No. 12, Berezovaya Street, a partial specimen of the tree-like lycophyte Stigmaria ficoides 30 cm long and 4 cm wide was discovered in the clay layer. Higher, in the limestone layers, remains of the brachiopod Gigantoproductus superior were found. Another specimen of S. ficoides was found on the shore of a lake among Neolithic artifacts, which may indicate its use for ritual purposes.[11] A trunk of lepidophyte Lepidodendron sp. was collected from the southern outskirts of the city, in the vicinity of Sovetsky Lane, near the bank of the Western Dvina. Fossils are also known from the surrounding area of the city, including the area of the Bobrovets village, 14.5 km north of Andreapol: shoots of Sigillaria elegans and Lepidodendron obovatum as well as a strobilus of Lepidostrobus sp. In 2011-2016, all these specimens were given to the Andreapolsky Krayevedcheskiy Museum.[11]

History

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The Dubna Volost, currently a part of Andreapol, was mentioned in the chronicles in 1489. After several wars between Moscow and Lithuania, during which the area was transferred to Lithuania and back, it was in 1508 again included to the Grand Duchy of Moscow.[12]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanlandia Governorate (since 1710 known as Saint Petersburg Governorate), and in 1727 Novgorod Governorate split off. In 1772, as a result of the First Partition of Poland, Pskov Governorate was created, and the area on the right bank of the Western Dvina was included into Toropetsky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate. In 1777, Pskov Governorate was transformed into Pskov Viceroyalty, and in 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished, and Pskov Governorate was restored.[13]

Between 1810 and 1843, a spa resort was operating in Andreapol, at the time Adreyano Pole.[12] Between 1904 and 1907, the construction of the railroad to Bologoye was completed. In 1906, the station of Andreapol was opened, and the selo of Andreapol, which included villages of Dubna, Andreyano Pole, and Gorka, was established. The name of Andreapol is an adaptation of Andreyano Pole.[14]

On August 1, 1927, Pskov Governorate was abolished, and Leningrad Oblast was established. Toropetsky Uyezd was abolished as well, and Leninsky District, with the administrative center in the selo of Khotilitsy was established. It belonged to Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. In 1928, the district center was moved to Andreapol.[14] On June 17, 1929, the district was transferred to Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Leninsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.[15][16] In 1938, Andreapol was granted urban-type settlement status. Between September 1941 and January 1942, during World War II, Andreapol was occupied by German troops.[14] On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished, and Leninsky District was transferred back to Kalinin Oblast. In February 1963, during the abortive administrative reform by Nikita Khrushchev, Leninsky District was merged into Toropetsky District. On January 12, 1965, Andreapolsky District was established in the areas which previously belonged to Toropetsky and Ostashkovsky Districts.[16] In 1967, Andreapol was granted town status.[14] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.[16]

On July 24, 2000, an F2 tornado hit the area, resulting in 3 injuries across a 600 meter wide and 26 km long path.[17] Andreapol would be hit again on August 2, 2021, by an F3 tornado. The tornado damaged around 1500 homes, uprooted trees, killed three, and injured ten.[18] The tornado traveled 7.5 km across a 500 meter wide path. The tornado was part of a tornado outbreak that produced 20 reported tornadoes across Belarus & Tver Oblast.[19][20]

Administrative and municipal status

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Within the framework of administrative divisions, Andreapol serves as the administrative center of Andreapolsky District.[4] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Andreapolsky District as Andreapol Urban Settlement.[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Andreapolsky Municipal District.[5]

Economy

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Forests cover around 70% of the district's territory. As a result of that, logging industry provides substantial revenue for the town. There is a large saw-mill plant in Andreapol as well as porcelain production. Agriculture is also of fundamental importance to the town's economy.

Transportation

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The railway connecting Bologoye with Velikiye Luki passes Andreapol. There is infrequent passenger traffic.

A paved road connecting Ostashkov with Zapadnaya Dvina via Peno runs via Andreapol. There are local roads as well. There is bus traffic in the district.

Military

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The town is home to Andreapol air base, an important interceptor aircraft base guarding Moscow.

Culture and recreation

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Andreapol contains three cultural heritage monuments of local significance. Two of them are monuments to soldiers fallen in World War II, and the third one is an archaeological site.[21] There is a local museum in Andreapol.[22]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Law #34-ZO
  2. ^ a b c d Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #17-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Andreapolsky Municipal District, lists the town of Andreapol as a part and the administrative center of Andreapol Urban Settlement of that district.
  3. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  4. ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 202», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 202, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  5. ^ a b c d Law #17-ZO
  6. ^ Law #4-ZO
  7. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  8. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  9. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  10. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  11. ^ a b S. V. Naugolnykh, V. V. Linkevich (2017). New data on morphology and palaeoecology of arborescent lycopodiophytes from the Lower Carboniferous of the Tver region (in "Palaeoecology. Methodological basis, factological potential, application for museum expositions") (PDF) (in Russian). Media-Grand. p. 22-29. ISBN 978-5-9904241-5-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2022.
  12. ^ a b Андреапольский район (in Russian). Тверская ОУНБ им. А.М. Горького. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  13. ^ Псковская губерния (in Russian). Руниверс. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  14. ^ a b c d История Андреапольского района (in Russian). Andreapolsky District Administration. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  15. ^ Воробьёв, М. В. (1993). Г. В. Туфанова (ed.). Административно-территориальное деление Смоленской области (in Russian). Государственный архив Смоленской области. pp. 118–133.
  16. ^ a b c Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  17. ^ "European Severe Weather Database". Archived from the original on 5 November 2021.
  18. ^ Movileanu, Arian; Dresch, Matthew (4 August 2021). "Deadly tornado spins across town at 60mph destroying 1,500 homes and killing 3". mirror. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  19. ^ "European Severe Weather Database".
  20. ^ Maps psu.ru
  21. ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  22. ^ Андреапольский районный краеведческий музей (in Russian). museum.ru. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.

Sources

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  • Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №17-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Андреапольский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #17-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Andreapolsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban and Rural Settlements. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
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