Annie Clo Watson

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Annie Clo Watson
A young white woman with light hair parted center and dressed back to the nape; she is wearing a white blouse or dress with a frill-trimmed collar and placket
Annie Clo Watson, from the 1914 yearbook of Southwestern University
BornApril 26, 1891
Repton, Alabama
DiedJanuary 7, 1960
Berkeley, California
Other namesAnnie Chloe Watson
OccupationSocial worker

Annie Clo Watson (April 26, 1891 – January 7, 1960) was an American social worker based in San Francisco, best known for her efforts on behalf of Japanese Americans during and after World War II.

Early life[edit]

Annie Clo (or Chloe) Watson was born in Repton, Alabama,[1] and raised in Texas,[2] the daughter of William Watson and Mattie E. Robbins Watson. Both of her parents were also born in Alabama; her father was a doctor.[3] She attended Southwestern University in Texas, where she played basketball and was president of her class.[4] She pursued further training in social work at Columbia University School of Social Work.[5]

Career[edit]

Watson became executive director of the YWCA's International Institute in San Antonio, Texas in 1928.[6][7] She became executive director of the International Institute in San Francisco in 1932,[8][9] and was president of the local chapter of the National Association of Social Workers. In 1944 helped to found the Fellowship Church for All People with Howard Thurman.[10][11] She was active in the American Civil Liberties Union and the California Conference of Social Work.[12]

During World War II, she organized the Pacific Coast Committee for American Principles and Fair Play,[13] hoping to mitigate some of the impact of the internment of Japanese Americans, and worked on war relocation issues at the YWCA's national headquarters in New York.[14] "She was among those who really went to bat for persons of Japanese ancestry at the outbreak of the war," commented an obituary in the Pacific Citizen newspaper.[15]

In 1948 she testified before a Congressional hearing on housing issues in San Francisco,[16] and spoke on a panel at the national meeting of the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) in Salt Lake City.[17] In 1952 she testified before the President's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization, about the effects of changing laws on Asian Americans and Latino Americans in California,[18] and wrote a report, "The Social Integration of Mexicans and Other Latin Americans in San Francisco and the Bay Region" for the National Council on Naturalization and Citizenship.[19] Watson's writing on immigration was published in Journal of Educational Psychology.[20] She chaired the International Institute's Committee for Information on the Adoption of Japanese Children.[21] She retired in 1958, but continued as a consultant with the United Community Fund of San Francisco State College.[15][22]

Watson won the Koshland Award for Social Work in 1945.[23] The national JACL presented Watson with a Scroll of Appreciation in 1956.[15] In 1960, after she died, the JACL encouraged donations to the Annie Clo Watson Scholarship for Social Workers as a memorial.[24] Another memorial fund, the Annie Clo Watson Scholarship, funded a woman attendee at the West Coast Encampment for Citizenship.[25]

Personal life[edit]

Watson died from cancer in 1960 at her home in Berkeley, California, aged 68 years.[15][22] Her gravesite is with her parents' graves, in Uvalde, Texas. The University of Minnesota holds a collection of Annie Clo Watson papers.[26]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Repton". The Pine Belt News. 1902-12-05. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-08-22 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ Kido, Saburo (10 January 1960). "Memories of Days Gone By". Shin Nichibei. p. 1. Retrieved August 22, 2021 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  3. ^ "Mrs. Mattie E. Watson". The Evergreen Courant. 1955-02-03. p. 5. Retrieved 2021-08-22 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ Southwestern University, Sou'Wester (1914 yearbook): 34. via Internet Archive
  5. ^ Work, Columbia University School of Social (1925). Bulletin. p. 53.
  6. ^ Watson, Annie Clo. "Mexicans in Texas" in Hubert Clinton Herring and Katharine Terrill, eds., The Genius of Mexico: Lectures Delivered Before the Fifth Seminar in Mexico 1930 (Committee on Cultural Relations with Latin America 1931): 235-240.
  7. ^ "Mexican Influx Discussed by Social Group". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. 1929-06-27. p. 21. Retrieved 2021-08-22 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ Mjagkij, Nina; Spratt, Margaret Ann (1997). Men and Women Adrift: The YMCA and the YWCA in the City. NYU Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-8147-5541-9.
  9. ^ Lewis, Abigail Sara. "The Young Women's Christian Association's Multiracial Activism in the Immediate Postwar Era" in Danielle McGuire, ed., Freedom Rights: New Perspectives on the Civil Rights Movement (University of Kentucky Press 2011): 82-83. ISBN 9780813134499
  10. ^ Robinson, Greg; Eisenstadt, Peter (June 3, 2021). "Howard Thurman and Japanese Americans - Part 2". Discover Nikkei. Archived from the original on 2021-06-03. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  11. ^ Thurman, Howard (2009-05-01). Footprints of a Dream: The Story of the Church for the Fellowship of All Peoples. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-60608-451-9.
  12. ^ "Action Forced by Delegates". Oakland Tribune. 1939-05-19. p. 23. Retrieved 2021-08-22 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "Finding Aid to the Pacific Coast Committee on American Principles and Fair Play records 1940-1951". Online Archive of California, Bancroft Library. Archived from the original on 2004-03-21. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  14. ^ "YWCA Institute Honors National Board Member". The Dayton Herald. 1942-12-06. p. 43. Retrieved 2021-08-22 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ a b c d "Wartime JACL Sponsor Annie Clo Watson Dies" (PDF). Pacific Citizen. January 15, 1960. p. 1. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  16. ^ United States Congress Joint Committee on Housing (1948). Study and Investigation of Housing: Hearings Before the Joint Committee on Housing ... Eightieth Congress, First Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 4138–4141.
  17. ^ "Nisei Conclave to Feature 'Return' Panel". The Salt Lake Tribune. 1948-08-24. p. 24. Retrieved 2021-08-22 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ United States President's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization (1952). Hearings. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1054–1057.
  19. ^ Watson, Annie Clo (1952). The Social Integration of Mexicans and Other Latin Americans in San Francisco and the Bay Region. National Council on Naturalization and Citizenship.
  20. ^ Watson, Annie Clo (1943). "Americans on the Fringes". The Journal of Educational Sociology. 17 (1): 14–19. doi:10.2307/2262494. ISSN 0885-3525. JSTOR 2262494.
  21. ^ "SF Group to Form Japan Orphan Information Group States Report". Shin Nichibei. February 15, 1955. p. 6. Retrieved August 22, 2021 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  22. ^ a b "Ex-Alien Aide Dies in E. Bay". The San Francisco Examiner. 1960-01-08. p. 16. Retrieved 2021-08-22 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ Park, Yoosun (2019-10-17). Facilitating Injustice: The Complicity of Social Workers in the Forced Removal and Incarceration of Japanese Americans, 1941-1946. Oxford University Press. pp. xviii, xix. ISBN 978-0-19-008135-5.
  24. ^ "National JACL Urges Doations for Watson Fund". Shin Nichibei. January 21, 1960. p. 1. Retrieved August 22, 2021 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  25. ^ "Community Study Aid Set Up". The San Francisco Examiner. 1960-05-02. p. 34. Retrieved 2021-08-22 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "Collection: Annie Clo Watson papers". University of Minnesota Archival Collections Guides. Archived from the original on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
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