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Boljoon Church

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Coordinates: 9°37′48″N 123°28′46″E / 9.630004°N 123.479386°E / 9.630004; 123.479386
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Boljoon Church
Archdiocesan Shrine of Patrocinio de Maria Santisima
Patrocinio de Maria Parish
Dambanang Pang-Arkidyosesis sa Patrocinio de Maria Santisima (Cebuano)
Church complex in 2023
Boljoon Church is located in Cebu, Philippines
Boljoon Church
Boljoon Church
Location in Cebu
Boljoon Church is located in Visayas
Boljoon Church
Boljoon Church
Location in the Visayas
Boljoon Church is located in Philippines
Boljoon Church
Boljoon Church
Location in the Philippines
9°37′48″N 123°28′46″E / 9.630004°N 123.479386°E / 9.630004; 123.479386
LocationBoljoon, Cebu
CountryPhilippines
DenominationRoman Catholic
History
StatusParish church
DedicationOur Lady of Patronage
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Heritage designationNational Cultural Treasure
Architectural typeChurch building
StyleBaroque
Groundbreaking1783
Specifications
Length65 metres (213 ft)
Width12 metres (39 ft)
Height12 metres (39 ft)
Administration
ArchdioceseCebu
Clergy
ArchbishopJosé S. Palma
Priest(s)Msgr. Arthur R. Navales, P.C.
Official nameBoljoon Church Historical Landmark
Designated2001
RegionCentral Visayas
National Historical Landmarks
Official nameBoljoon Church
TypeChurch
RegionCentral Visayas
Legal BasisResolution No. 1, s. 1999
Marker Date2000

The Archdiocesan Shrine of Patrocinio de Maria Santisima, commonly known as Boljoon Church, is a Roman Catholic church dedicated to Our Lady of the Patronage in the municipality of Boljoon, Cebu, Philippines, under the Archdiocese of Cebu.

It has been declared a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines and a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. It is also under consideration for the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Philippines as a member of the Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension).

Church history

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Boljoon (also spelled Boljo-on) began as a small Christian settlement named Nabulho.[1] It became a visita or chapel of ease of Sialo in 1599, with the small chapel being dedicated to the patronage of the Virgin Mary. It was elevated to a parish on October 31, 1690, by Father Francisco de Zamora, Provincial of the Augustinians, as a result of the increasing number of Christians in the area. The decision was implemented upon the appointment of Father Nicolás de la Cuadra as its first parish priest on April 5, 1692.[1][2] By 1732, the Augustinians proposed to leave Boljoon owing to a shortage of priests;[2] they eventually left on September 27, 1737. Administration of Boljoon was later transferred to the Jesuits. The Augustinians regained Boljoon in 1747, under an arrangement by which they ceded the settlements of Liloan, Cotcot, and Maraling to the Jesuits.[3][4][5] In 1949, the Archdiocese of Cebu took charge of Boljoon.[4] Father Zacarias Suñer was appointed as the first secular parish priest of Boljoon in 1958.[3]

Architectural history

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In 1782, earlier buildings in Boljoon were destroyed by pirates.[2] The present church was built by Augustinian priest Father Ambrosio Otero in 1783.[6] Construction of the church was continued by Father Manuel Cordero in 1794 and completed by Father Julián Bermejo.[1] Father Bermejo also built other structures as part of Boljoon's defense network, such as the watchtowers and blockhouse. The church was later restored by Father Leandro Morán, the last Augustinian priest of Boljoon, who served from 1920 to 1948.[7]

In 2007, restoration work was performed through the Boljoon Heritage Foundation, with funding from the Cebu Provincial Government.[8]

Historical and cultural designations

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Church NHI historical marker installed in 2000

The church was declared as a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Institute in 1999,[7] and it was listed as a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines in 2001.[8][9]

It is the only church in Cebu listed as a National Cultural Treasure. It is also a candidate for UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Philippines under the Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension) nomination, along with the San Pedro Apóstol Parish Church in Loboc, Bohol, La Inmaculada Concepción in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, San Matías in Tumauini, Isabela, and San Isidro Labrador in Lazi, Siquijor.[10]

Theft of items

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In the 1980s, five early 19th-century panels depicting various saints went missing from the church's pulpit, with varying accounts attributing it to theft or an illegal sale by the parish priest. Four of the ended up in the private collection of Union Bank of the Philippines CEO Edwin Bautista, who donated them to the National Museum of the Philippines in February 2024. The news of the donation led to demands from the Archdiocese of Cebu as well as officials and residents of the province for the panels to be repatriated.[11] In response, the museum said that it was open to share the panels, adding that the donors procured the panels through legitimate means, “highlighting their commitment to ethical acquisition.”[12] A copy of the deed of donation of the panels obtained by Rappler read that the panels should stay with the museum, which would hold them in perpetuity and put them on display, while acknowledging that the panels came from Boljoon Church.[13] On April 1, the Cebu Provincial Board passed a motion to file charges against the National Museum and others who took custody over the panels.[14] On May 8, the National Museum's board of trustees ruled in favor of returning the panels to Boljoon Church.[15]

Aside from the panels, the church is also seeking to recover an 18th-century tabernacle which ended up in the possession of David Kamansky, the executive director of the USC Pacific Asia Museum in Pasadena, California and was later auctioned off in 2017 by the Leon Gallery for P1.4 million.[16]

Church features

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The church is a fortress church, built of coral stones and located on a hill near the sea. It originally served as a watchtower for Moro raids.[17] The church is known for its original terracotta roof tiles and its distinct folk art or Filipino Baroque style seen predominantly on its choir screen and pulpit.[7][18] Twenty-eight pillars support the 2-metre (6.6 ft) thick walls made of mortar and lime.[18] Its ceiling paintings are the work of Miguel Villareal, a native of Boljoon. The three gates and the walls of the church are made of coral stones and were constructed from 1802 to 1808 under the auspices of Father Bermejo.[19]

Altar

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Church interior in 2023

The main retablo is in pseudo-baroque rococo with gold leaf highlights and polychrome accents.[18] Located on the central niche of the main altar is the image of Boljoon's patron, Our Lady of the Patronage, brought by Father Bartolome de Garcia from Spain in 1599. A side chapel located on the left side of the church is also dedicated to the patron.[6]

Bell tower

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The rectangular bell tower used to have seven bells. The tower's ground floor was used as a prison cell, probably for pirates as can be assumed from the drawings of ships on the walls.[20]

Church complex

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Road view of the church complex in 2023

Adjoining buildings were also built as part of the church complex and fortification.

Convent

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The first floor of the church convent houses a museum containing liturgical objects such as record books, images of saints, vestments and other relics.[18]

Church plaza

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The church plaza, locally called Muraya, is mainly used for large church activities. It is believed to be a former burial ground and site of an early Hispanic burial site.[21][19] Archaeological excavations undertaken by the University of San Carlos revealed several burial sites, antique jars and dishes, a necklace and a gold earring.[22] The gold earring, the first archaeological find of its kind in a Philippine burial site, is probably worn by a person of high status and may have indicated "wealth, influence or great power".[23]

Blockhouse

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The blockhouse

Also called the fortress or Dakong Balay (Big House), the quadrangular blockhouse was first built by Father Julian Bermejo when he came to Boljoon in 1808.[24] The 120-by-80-metre (390 ft × 260 ft) blockhouse served as an artillery store and as the main fortress in the church complex. It is a two-story structure with a tile-covered parapet, built of coral stone with a tiled roof. Today it serves as a bell tower.[2][24]

Cemetery

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The first burials in Boljoon's cemetery probably occurred in the 1760s. It was closed when a public cemetery was opened. Its gates might have been built in the 1700s, or in 1783 when the present church was constructed. Consisting of coral stones, the cemetery has a symmetrical stone arch gateway with a three-layer pediment, finials on both sides of the two-lower layers and a stone relief of a human skeleton on top.[25] The walls are also adorned with a relief of a human skull and bones.[20]

Ilihan Watchtower ruins

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A former square watchtower made out of coral stone stands on the Bohol coast. It is said to have been constructed by Father Bermejo as part of the church's massive fortification efforts.[25]

The statue of Patrocinio de Maria

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The devotion to Nuestra Señora, Patrocinio de Maria began on 1599 when the Augustinians established a chapel in Nabulho, that would later be known as Boljoon, located near Carcar, dedicated to the Patronage of Mary, most Holy. The image of the Blessed Virgin Mary was brought to the town by Fray Bartolome de Garcia from Spain. For their part, the people matched devotion and learned the prayers and devotions,. The chapel was elevated to a parish on October 31, 1690, by Father Francisco de Zamora, Provincial of the Augustinians, as a result of the increasing number of Christians in the area. The decision was implemented upon the appointment of Father Nicolás de la Cuadra as its first parish priest on April 5, 1692. The image of Nuestra Señora del Patrocinio de Boljoon is a de tallado image of the Madonna and Child. The image has a wooden body and a beautifully carved heads and hands. The image wears white and blue vestment and a gold veil. The image was first episcopally crowned on November 14, 2020. On 2022, the image was granted a pontifical decree of Canonical coronation. The Canonical coronation rites took place on April 23, 2022, in line with the concluding ceremonies of the 500 Years of Christianity in the Philippines.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Angliongto, Warren. "Evangelization of Boljo-on Under the Patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary". Boljoon Heritage Foundation, Inc. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d "Nuestra Señora de Patrocino Parish". Panublion: Heritage Sites of the Visayan Islands in the Philippines. Archived from the original on February 11, 2006. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  3. ^ a b "History of Boljoon". Boljoon Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Simbahan ng Boljoon". National Registry of Historic Sites and Structures in the Philippines. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  5. ^ Gallo, Nilda (January 26, 2007). "Restoration work on Boljoon church to start". Cebu Daily News. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  6. ^ a b Angliongio, Warren. "The Miracles of Our Lady of Patrocinio of Boljoon". The Freeman. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c "Resolution No. 1, s. 1999 Declaring the Church of Boljoon in Cebu a National Historical Landmark" (PDF). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Capitol, foundation ink agreement for Boljoon Church restoration". The Freeman. January 26, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  9. ^ Alba, Reinerio (September 29, 2003). "The Restoration of 26 Philippine Churches". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  10. ^ "Baroque churches of the Philippines (Extension)". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
  11. ^ "Panels stolen from Cebu church surface in National Museum; Cebuanos want them back". Rappler. February 18, 2024. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
  12. ^ "National Museum open to 'sharing' pulpit panels with Cebu". GMA News Online. February 19, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  13. ^ "Donation docs specify Boljoon panels stay with National Museum". Rappler. March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
  14. ^ "Cebu Capitol to file case vs National Museum officials over 'stolen' church panels". Rappler. April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  15. ^ "National Museum board approves return of pulpit panels to Boljoon church". Rappler. May 8, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  16. ^ "After pulpit panels, Boljoon moves to recover tabernacle sold at auction". Rappler. April 25, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
  17. ^ Villalon, Augusto. "Significant Examples of Church Architecture in the Philippines". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  18. ^ a b c d De Guzman, Sara Soliven (June 2, 2014). "Boljoon – a national treasure worth saving". The Philippine Star. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  19. ^ a b "Patrocinio De Maria Church/ Rectory/ Belfry". Boljoon Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  20. ^ a b Ardivilla, Chong (January 6, 2010). "Beating a path to Boljoon". GMA News Online. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  21. ^ Parco, Bernadette (June 8, 2008). "Boljoon excavation shows gold jewelry, China". Cebu Daily News. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  22. ^ "Archaeological excavations in Boljoon unearth "3 firsts"". The Freeman. April 23, 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  23. ^ Consulta, John (September 15, 2011). "John Consulta writes about visiting historic Boljoon for 'Philippine Treasures'". GMA News Online. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  24. ^ a b "Blockouse — Fortress". Boljoon Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  25. ^ a b "Watchtower Ruins at Ilihan/ Church Cemetery". Boljoon Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
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