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Bridger Formation

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Bridger Formation
Stratigraphic range: Bridgerian - Uintan
Grizzly Buttes, a major feature of the Bridger Formation
TypeFormation
UnderliesBishop Conglomerate
OverliesGreen River Formation
Thickness215 feet (66 m) - 270 feet (82 m)[1]
Location
RegionWyoming
CountryUnited States
Type section
Named forBridger Wilderness
Named byF.V. Hayden

The Bridger Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bridgerian and Uintan stages of the Paleogene Period.[2] The formation was named by American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden for Fort Bridger, which had itself been named for mountain man Jim Bridger.[3] The Bridger Wilderness covers much of the Bridger Formation's area.

History

[edit]
Jim Bridger

Before colonization, the lands making up the Bridger Formation had been inhabited by the Apsáalooke, Bannock, Eastern Shoshone, Hinono'eino, Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, Só'taeo'o, Tsétsêhéstâhese, and Ute nations.[4] European settlers began to settle the area around the Bridger Formation in the 19th century, beginning with the establishment of the Oregon Trail in 1830. Fort Bridger – for which the formation would later be named – was established in 1843 by Jim Bridger and Louis Vasquez. In 1868, the remaining Indigenous communities in the area were displaced by the Treaty of Fort Bridger, removing them to the Fort Hall Indian Reservation and Wind River Indian Reservation.[5][6]

The first documented fossils to be recovered from the Bridger Formation were discovered on 11 August 1849 by Captain Howard Stansbury, who documented the discovery of fossilized shells and wood in his expedition report while scouting out the region for the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers.[7] In the early-1860s, trapper Jack Robinson claimed to have discovered a number of sites along the base of the Uinta Mountains where grizzly bears had been turned to stone. When these claims were called into question by judge William A. Carter, Robinson brought Carter a bag filled with the fossils. One of the specimens recovered by Robinson was a well-preserved skull which resembled that of a grizzly bear. Judger Carter invited Louis Agassiz to observe the local strata, but Agassiz declined as the journey would have involved riding horseback to the site, a mode of transportation Agassiz abhorred. Carter's son-in-law, Dr. J. Van A. Carter, would go on to send a number of fossils to palaeontologist Joseph Leidy at the University of Pennsylvania in 1869. These fossils included the first Bridgerian fossil taxa, Omomys carteri; and the skull discovered by Robinson, which was described as Palaeosyops paludosus.[8] Another researcher responsible for sending off specimens was Dr. Joseph K. Corson, a close friend of Leidy's who hosted him and his family on two three to Fort Bridger in 1872, 1873, and 1879.[9]

The Bridger Formation was described and named in 1869 by H.V. Hayden while conducting a geological survey in the region on behalf of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. The famously fossiliferous Bridger Formation attracted a number of famed palaeontologists including Henry Fairfield Osborn, William Berryman Scott, and F. Speir, Jr.[10] The Bridger Formation also became a battleground in the Bone Wars between Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh.

The Bridger Formation did not see a proper scientific mission until 1903, when Walter W. Granger and William Diller Matthew initiated a three-year survey of the strata, during which time Matthew identified the Bridger Formation's distinct members by using local limestone layers as marker beds. Later expeditions brought other researchers to the region, including Charles Lewis Gazin.[2]

Geology

[edit]

The Bridger Formation overlies the Green River Formation and underlies the Bishop Conglomerate. The boundary with the former occurs in the mid-Eocene after the region completed a transition to a drier environment from a moist climate in the early Eocene.[11] Limestone deposits like the Sage Creek Formation separate the three distinct members which make up the Bridger Formation: Blacks Fork (Bridger B), Twin Buttes (Bridger C & D), and Turtle Bluff (Bridger E). The limestone surrounding the Bridger Formation was deposited on the beds of lakes and ponds at the site during the Eocene. William Diller Matthew used this limestone as marker beds in his initial description of the Bridger Formation in 1909.

Portions formerly considered to be part of the Bridger Formation have since been reassigned to the nearby Uinta Formation.[12]

Palaeobiology

[edit]

Dozens of Early Eocene (50.3 - 46.2 Ma)[13] mammalian and invertebrate genera are known from the Bridger Formation.

Eutherians

[edit]

Artiodactyls

[edit]

Achaenodontidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Achaenodon[14]

A. insolens

Wyoming
  • AMNH 5143, fragmentary mandible

A. robustus

Wyoming
  • PU 10033, partial skull and mandible

Helohyus[15]

H. lentus

Sweetwater County, Wyoming

H. milleri

Sweetwater County, Wyoming Bridger B & C

H. plicodon

southwestern Wyoming Bridger B & C

Parahyus[14]

P. vagus

Wyoming
  • YPM 10972, partial mandible

Homacodontidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Antiacodon[16]

A. pygmaeus

southwestern Wyoming Bridger C & D

A. venustus

Sweetwater County, Wyoming Bridger D
  • YPM 11765, a tooth

Homacodon[17]

H. vagans

southwestern Wyoming Bridger C & D
  • YPM 13129, skull and jaws

Microsus[18]

M. cuspidatus

southwestern Wyoming Bridger B - D

Carnivoramorphans

[edit]

stem Carnivoramophans

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Oodectes[19]

O. herpestoides

Uinta County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 140008, nearly-complete skull[20]

Miacidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Harpalodon[21]

H. sylvestris

Washakie County, Wyoming

Miacis[22]

M. bathygnathus

Henry's Fork Hill, Sweetwater County, Wyoming Bridger C

M. edax

Wyoming

M. parvivorus

Lincoln and Uinta Counties, Wyoming Bridger B & C

M. vorax

Wyoming

M. vulpinus

Wyoming

Miocyon[19]

M. major

Blue Point Marker, Park County, Wyoming

Uintacyon[23]

U. jugulans

Henry's Fork Hill, Sweetwater County, Wyoming Bridger C

Vulpavus[23]

V. ovatus

Little Dry Creek, Uinta County, Wyoming

V. profectus

Uinta County, Wyoming

Viverravidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Viverravus[24]

V. nitidus

Wyoming

Carnivorans

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Palaearctonyx[19]

P. meadi

Twin Buttes, Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming

Cimolestans

[edit]

Apatemyidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Apatemys[25]

A. bellus

central and southern Wyoming Bridger C
  • YPM 13512, partial mandible

A. bellulus

southwestern and central Wyoming Bridger C
  • YPM 13513, partial mandible
  • USNM 22386, mandible

Esthonychidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Megalesthonyx[26]

M. hopsoni

Wyoming

Tillodon[27]

T. fodiens

Millersville, Uinta County, Wyoming

Trogosus[28]

T. castoridens

southwestern Wyoming

T. gazini

Uinta County, Wyoming
  • USNM 364762, partial skeleton

T. hyracoides

Granger Station, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

T. latidens

Lincoln and Sweetwater counties, Wyoming

T. vetulus

Lincoln and Sweetwater counties, Wyoming

Pantolestidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Pantolestes[29][30]

P. elegans

Wyoming

P. intermedius

Wyoming

P. longieundus

Wyoming

P. natans

Wyoming

P. phocipes

Wyoming

Creodontans

[edit]

Hyaenodontidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Didelphodus[31]

D. altidens

southwestern Wyoming

Entemodon[30]

E. comptus

Honeycomb Buttes, Fremont County, Wyoming

Iridodon[32]

I. datzae

Cathedral Bluffs, Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • UMMP 103465, mandible

Limnocyon[33]

L. cuspidens

Ice Castle, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • UMMP 103465, mandible

L. medius

Henry's Fork Hill, Uinta County, Wyoming Bridger D

L. velox

southwestern Wyoming

L. verus

Uinta County, Wyoming Bridger C

Prolimnocyon[34]

P. antiquus

Sweetwater County, Wyoming

Proviverra[35]

P. americana

Wyoming

Sinopa[36][37][16][38][39]

S. aculeatus

Wyoming

S. agilis

Uinta County, Wyoming

S. eximia

Wyoming

S. grangeri

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming

S. insectivorus

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming

S. major

southwestern Wyoming

S. minor

Church Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming

S. pungens

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming

S. rapax

southwestern Wyoming

Tritemnodon[19]

T. hians

Wyoming

T. strenuus

Davis Ranch, Johnson County, Wyoming

Oxyaenidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Aelurotherium[40]

A. bicuspis

Henry's Fork, Uinta County, Wyoming

A. latidens

Grizzly Butte, Uinta County, Wyoming

Machaeroides[19]

M. eothen

Twin Buttes, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

M. simpsoni

Davis Ranch, Johnson County, Wyoming

Patriofelis[41]

P. ferox

central and southwestern Wyoming

P. ulta

southwestern Wyoming

Dinoceratans

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Bathyopsis[42]

B. fissidens

southwestern Wyoming Bridger B.

Eobasileus[43]

E. cornutus

southwestern Wyoming

Uintatherium[44]

U. anceps

southwestern Wyoming Bridger C & D.

Eulipotyphlans

[edit]

Erinaceomorpha

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Talpavus[45]

T. nitidus

southwestern Wyoming Bridger C
  • YPM 13511, fragmentary jaw

Geolabididae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Centetodon[30]

C. bacchanalis

Hyopsodus Hill, Sublette County, Wyoming

C. bembicophagus

southwestern Wyoming

C. pulcher

southwestern Wyoming Bridger C & D

Marsholestes[19]

M. dasypelix

Uinta County, Wyoming

Nyctitheriidae

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Nyctilestes[46]

N. serotinus

Uinta County, Wyoming

Nyctitherium[46]

N. gunnelli

Uinta County, Wyoming
  • SDSNH 110393, partial mandible

N. priscus

Wyoming

N. serotinum

central and southwestern Wyoming

N. velox

Hyopsodus Hill, Sublette County, Wyoming

Leptictidans

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Hypictops[47]

H. syntaphus

Uinta County, Wyoming Bridger D

Palaeictops[41]

P. bridgeri

central Wyoming

Macroscelids

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Scenopagus[48]

S. curtidens

western Wyoming

S. edenensis

southwestern Wyoming

S. priscus

western Wyoming

Mesonychids

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Harpagolestes[49]

H. immanis

southern Wyoming
  • AMNH 13143, a partial skull and jaws

H. macrocephalus

Lincoln and Uinta counties, Wyoming

Mesonyx[50]

M. lanius

Wyoming

M. obtusidens

Uinta County, Wyoming

Synoplotherium[51]

S. canius

Bitter Creek, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

Perissodactyls

[edit]

Amynodontidae

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Orthocynodon[52]

O. antiquus

Wyoming

Brontotheriidae

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Eotitanops[53]

E. borealis

central Wyoming

Palaeosyops[54][55][2][53]

P. fontinalis

western Wyoming

P. paludosus

central & southwestern Wyoming

P. robustus

southwestern Wyoming

P. ultimus

Telmatherium[25][56]

T. validum

Duncan Ranch, Fremont County, Wyoming Bridger D

T. validus

Sweetwater County, Wyoming Bridger D
  • YPM 11120, a partial skull

Mesatirhinus[42]

M. megarhinus

Duncan Ranch, Fremont County, Wyoming
  • PU 10008

Equidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Oligotomus[57]

O. cinctus

Wyoming

Orohippus[58]

O. agilis

Wyoming
  • YPM 1268, partial skeleton

O. ballardi

Wyoming
  • YPM 1268, partial skeleton

O. major

Millersville, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • YPM 11270, fragmentary maxilla

O. osbornianus

Blacks Fork, Uinta County, Wyoming

O. procyoninus

Wyoming

O. progressus

Wyoming
  • AMNH 12120, partial skull

O. pumilus

southwestern Wyoming

O. sylvaticus

Uinta County, Wyoming

O. uintanus

Wyoming

Hyopsodontidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Hyopsodus[59]

H. minusculus

southern and central Wyoming Bridger B

H. lepidus

southwestern Wyoming Bridger C

H. paulus

southwestern Wyoming Bridger B - D

H. pygmaeus

Wyoming

H. tonski

north and central Wyoming

Hyrachyidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Hyrachyus[60]

H. eximius

southwestern Wyoming

H. minor

southwestern Wyoming

H. paradoxus

Wyoming

Hyracodontidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Triplopus[61]

T. cubitalis

Wyoming

T. obliquidens

Wyoming

Isectolophidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Isectolophus[62][63]

I. latidens

Lone Tree, Uinta County, Wyoming Bridger D
  • PU 10251, fragmentary skull
  • YPM 12563, partial skull

I. radinskyi

Lone Spring, Uinta County, Wyoming Bridger D

Tapiroidea

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Helaletes[64]

H. nanus

central & southwestern Wyoming
  • YPM 11080, partial jaws and cheek teeth
  • YPM 11807, partial skeleton

Palaeanodonta

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Brachianodon[65]

B. westorum

southwestern Wyoming

Metacheiromys[66]

M. marshi

southwestern Wyoming Bridger C

Pholidotans

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Tetrapassalus[67]

T. proius

southwestern Wyoming

Plesiadapiformes

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Alveojunctus[68]

A. minutus

Vass Quarry, Hot Springs County, Wyoming

Primates

[edit]

Microsyopidae

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Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Microsyops[34][37][69]

M. angustidens

Blackrock Meadows, Teton County, Wyoming

M. annectens

Sublette County, Wyoming

M. elegans

southwestern Wyoming
  • YPM 11794, fragmentary mandible

M. knightensis

Honeycomb Buttes, Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • YPM 11794, fragmentary mandible

M. scottianus

southern Wyoming
  • YPM 11794, fragmentary mandible

Uintasorex[citation needed]

U. parvulus

southwestern Wyoming Bridger D
  • AMNH 12052, partial mandible

Notharctidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Notharctus[70][71]

N. robinsoni

southwestern Wyoming
  • UW 3007, fragmentary mandibles

N. robustior

southwestern Wyoming Bridger C & D
  • USNM 3750, fragmentary mandibles

N. tenebrosus

southwestern Wyoming

N. venticolus

Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 4715b, partial upper and lower jaws

Smilodectes[70]

S. gracilis

southwestern Wyoming
  • YPM 11800, partial mandible

Omomyidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Anaptomorphus[72][73]

A. aemulus

southwestern Wyoming
  • AMNH 5010, partial mandible

A. westi

southwestern Wyoming

Gazinius[74]

G. amplus

central and southern Wyoming

G. bowni

Uinta County, Wyoming

Hemiacodon[75][76]

H. engardae

Donna's Locality, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • UCM 67874, fragmentary mandible

H. gracilis

Uinta County, Wyoming
  • YPM 11806, fragmentary mandible

Omomys[71]

O. carteri

southwestern Wyoming

Trogolemur[19]

T. myodes

Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 12399, partial mandible

Washakius[73]

W. insignis

southwestern Wyoming
  • ANSP 10332, partial mandible
  • AMNH 55672

Rodentia

[edit]

Cylindrodontidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Mysops[77]

M. fraternus

Green Locality, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

M. minimus

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming

M. parvus

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming

Ischyromyidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Acritoparamys[78]

A. wyomingensis

southern Wyoming

Leptotomus[78]

L. parvus

southwestern Wyoming

Mytonomys[79]

M. coloradensis

Van Houten's Locality, Park County, Wyoming

Paramys[80]

P. delicatior

southwestern Wyoming

P. delicatus

southwestern Wyoming

Pseudotomus[81][82]

P. hians

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming

P. horribilis

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 5025, skull

P. robustus

southwestern Wyoming

Quadratomus[79]

Q. grandis

southwestern Wyoming

Thisbemys[78][79]

T. corrugatus

southern and central Wyoming

T. perditus

Sweetwater County, Wyoming

Paramyidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Franimys[80]

F. buccatus

Wyoming

Reithroparamyidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Reithroparamys[80][79]

R. delicatissimus

western Wyoming

R. huerfanensis

southern Wyoming

Sciuravidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Knightomys[79]

K. cuspidatus

Vass Quarry, Hot Springs County, Wyoming

K. depressus

central and southern Wyoming

K. huerfanensis

central and southern Wyoming

K. senior

central and southern Wyoming

Taxymys[25]

T. lucaris

Sublette County, Wyoming

Tillomys[25]

T. parvidens

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming

T. senex

Sublette County, Wyoming

Metatherians

[edit]

Herpetotheriidae

[edit]
Herpetotheriids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Herpetotherium[83]

H. innominatum

western Wyoming

H. knighti

western Wyoming

Peratherium[83]

P. comstocki

central Wyoming

P. marsupium

southwestern Wyoming

Peradectidae

[edit]
Peradectids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Armintodelphys[83]

A. blacki

Lightning Butte, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

Peradectes[83]

P. chesteri

southwestern Wyoming

Birds

[edit]

Gruiformes

[edit]
Gruiformes reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Aletornis[84]

A. bellus

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming

A. gracilis

Henry's Fork, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

A. nobilis

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming

A. pernix

Henry's Fork, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

A. venustus

Henry's Fork, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

Strigiformes

[edit]
Owls reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Minerva[85][86]

M. leptosteus

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • YUPM 512, partial tibia

M. saurodosis

Lodge-Pole Trail, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • ANSP 9131, partial humerus

Fish

[edit]

Amiidae

[edit]

Amia includes the genus jr synonyms Hypamia, Protamia, and Pappichthys.[87] The amiids A. (Pr.) gracilis and A. (Pr.) media were first listed as Bridger Formation taxa, but were listed as from the Laney Member of the Green river Formation by Grande and Bemis (1998). The species A. (Pa.) cornsonii, A. depressus, A. (H.) elegans, and A. newberrianus are either Bridger formation or Green River Formation per Grande and Bemis.[87]

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Amia[88]

A. (Pa.) cornsonii[89]

"Upper Green River", southwestern Wyoming

  • USNM 3961, a centrum and dentary fragment (holotype)
  • USNM 5476, 5475 and 3960 isolated centra (plesiotypes)

Nomen dubium per Grande & Bemis (1998) as Amiinae indeterminate[87]

A. depressus

"Southwestern Wyoming"

  • Isolated "vertebrae and cranial bones" (Holotype, now lost?)[87]

Nomen dubium per Grande & Bemis (1998) as Amiinae indeterminate[87]

A. (H.) elegans[90]

Dry Creek, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • ANSP 5580, isolated centrum

Nomen dubium per Grande & Bemis (1998) as Amiinae indeterminate[87]

A. (Pr.) laevis[91][92]

"Cottonwood Creek", Wyoming
  • USNM 3968 -

Fragmentary premaxilla, dentary, quadrate, cranium, branchiostegal, pterygoid, and two centra

Nomen dubium per Grande & Bemis (1998) as Amiinae indeterminate[87]

A. newberrianus

"Southwestern Wyoming"

  • ANSP 5632, vertebral centrum (Now lost?)[87]

Nomen dubium per Grande & Bemis (1998) as Amiinae indeterminate[87]

A. (Pa.) plicatus

Wyoming
  • AMNH 2539 - skull bones and vertebrae (syntypes)
  • USNM 3958 - skull bones and vertebrae (syntypes)

Nomen dubium per Grande & Bemis (1998) as Amiinae indeterminate[87]

A. (Pa.) sclerops

"bluffs of Cottonwood Creek", Wyoming

  • USNM 3965, partial left dentary

Nomen dubium per Grande & Bemis (1998) as Amiinae indeterminate[87]

A. (Pr.) uintaensis

Dry Creek Cañon, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • ANSP 3151, 5558, 5622, 8044 - vertebral centra, a basioccipital (Syntypes)

Nomen dubium per Grande & Bemis (1998) as Amiinae indeterminate[87]

Ariidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Rhineastes[51]

R. peltatus

Wyoming

R. smithii

Wyoming

Lepisosteidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Lepisosteus[93][94]

L. atrox

Wyoming

L. simplex

Wyoming

Osteoglossidae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Phareodus[95]

P. encaustus

Wyoming

P. testis

Wyoming

Reptiles

[edit]

Crocodilia

[edit]
Crocodilians reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Crocodilus[96]

C. elliottii

Wyoming

C. grypus

Wyoming

C. parvus

Wyoming

C. sulciferus

Wyoming
Boverisuchus[97] B. vorax Wyoming
Borealosuchus[98] B. wilsoni Wyoming
Allognathosuchus[97] A. polyodon Wyoming
Brachyuranochampsa[97] B. zangerli Wyoming

Squamates

[edit]

Anguidae

[edit]
Anguids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Glyptosaurus[99]

G. sphenodon

Henry's Fork, Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • YPM 1051, partial maxilla and two teeth

G. sylvestris

Big Horn and Uinta counties, Wyoming
  • YPM 526, left frontal
  • YPM 521, fragmentary skull and jaws; several cervical and dorsal vertebrae; and several osteoderms
  • YPM 522, a skull fragment; frontal; and two body scutes
  • YPM 523, patch of cranial scutes

Paraglyptosaurus[100]

P. princeps

southwestern Wyoming
  • YPM 524, partially-complete skull and jaw; dermal scutes
  • USNM 6004, partially-complete skull
  • YPM 525, partially-complete frontal bones

Xestops[101]

X. vagans

southwestern Wyoming
  • YPM 541, partial skeleton
  • AMNH 3819, left frontal

Boidae

[edit]
Boas reported from the Bridger Formation[102]
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Boavus

B. brevis

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • PMNH 468, a thoracic vertebra

B. occidentalis

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • PMNH 511, a dorsal vertebra
  • YPM 467, vertebra
  • YPM 2765, vertebra
  • YPM 2766, vertebra

Lithophis

L. sargenti

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • YPM 2719, a thoracic vertebra

Protagras

P. lacustris

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming

Chamaeleonidae

[edit]
Chameleons reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Tinosaurus[103]

T. pristinus

Uinta County, Wyoming
  • PAS 9134, partial dentary and eight teeth

T. stenodon

Henry's Fork Hill, Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • YUM 615, partial dentary and three teeth

Rhineuridae

[edit]
Rhineurids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Lestophis[104]

L. anceps

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • YPM 520, vertebra

L. crassus

Marsh Creek, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • YPM 531, cervical vertebra

Spathorhynchus[105]

S. fossorium

Twin Buttes, Sweetwater County, Wyoming Bridger B

Teiidae

[edit]
Teiids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Iguanavus[106]

I. exilis

Henry's Fork, Sweetwater County, Wyoming

Varanidae

[edit]
Varanids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Saniwa[107]

S. ensidens

southern Wyoming
  • USNM 2185, partial skeleton and skull
  • LACM CIT 5117, four vertebrae
  • YPM 609, partial skeleton and a tooth
  • YPM 610, fragmentary skeleton including several vertebrae
  • YPM 611, partial vertebra
  • YPM 612, partial skeleton

S. major

Lodge-Pole Trail, Uinta County, Wyoming

Testudines

[edit]

Baenidae

[edit]
Baenids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Baena[108]

B. arenosa

Uinta County, Wyoming
  • USNM 103, partial carapace
  • AMNH 1675, carapace
  • AMNH 5971, skull; carapace; vertebrae
  • AMNH 5977, mostly-complete skeleton
  • ANSP 10055, carapace
  • CM 3227, partial carapace
  • CM 3406, nearly-complete carapace

Chisternon[109]

C. hebraicum

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming Bridger B
  • USNM 2275, partial carapace

C. undatum

Uinta County, Wyoming

Carettochelyidae

[edit]
Carettochelyids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Anosteira[110]

A. ornata

southwestern Wyoming

A. radulina

Ham's Fork, Lincoln County, Wyoming
  • USNM 4096, partial carapace

Dermatemydidae

[edit]
Dermatemydids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Baptemys[111]

B. wyomingensis

Natrona and Uinta Counties, Wyoming
  • AMNH 5934, complete carapace; fragmentary cervical vertebrae; pelvis
  • AMNH 5967, partially-complete skull; crushed carapace
  • YPM 484, nearly complete skull; crushed carapace with complete plastron; partial limb bones; one complete toe

Emydidae

[edit]
Emydids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Emys[107][25][112][113]

E. jaensi

Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • USNM 962, partial carapace

E. latilabiatus

Blacks Fork, Uinta County, Wyoming

E. stevensonianus

Fort Bridger, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • USNM 963, partial carapace
  • USNM 965, partial carapace
  • USNM 967, partial carapace

E. wyomingensis

Fort Bridger, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • ANSP 9777, plastron fragment

Hybemys[114]

H. arenarius

Little Sandy Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming

Geoemydidae

[edit]
Geoemydids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Echmatemys[115]

E. haydeni

Levett Creek Quarry, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • USNM 109, partial carapace

E. septaria

Uinta County, Wyoming

E. wyomingensis

Uinta County, Wyoming

Testudinidae

[edit]
Testudinids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Hadrianus[72][116]

H. allabiatus

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming Bridger B

H. corsoni

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming Bridger B
  • ANSP 10050, plastron

H. octonaria

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming Bridger B

H. quadratus

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming Bridger B

Trionychidae

[edit]
Trionychids reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Apalone[117]

A. extensa

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 5951, partial carapace

A. heteroglypta

Wyoming

A. postera

Uinta County, Wyoming Bridger C
  • AMNH 6133, partial carapace

A. trionychoides

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming
  • USNM 4094, partial carapace

Axestemys[118]

A. byssina

Blacks Fork, Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • USNM 4089, partial skeleton
  • USNM 12589, fragmentary skull and partial plastron

A. cerevisia

Opal, Lincoln County, Wyoming
  • UW 2382, carapace with plastron; cervical vertebra; partial girdles

A. salebrosa

Dry Creek, Uinta County, Wyoming Bridger C
  • AMNH 3941, partial carapace

A. uintaensis

Little Dry Creek, Uinta County, Wyoming

Hummelichelys[119]

H. annae

Sweetwater County, Wyoming
  • FMNH P 27241, nearly-complete carapace with plastron

H. ellipticus

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 1117, carapace

H. grangeri

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 3942, partial carapace

H. guttatus

Uinta County, Wyoming

Plastomenus[36]

P. molopinus

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 6072, fragmentary carapace

P. oedemius

Sublette and Uinta Counties, Wyoming Bridger B
  • AMNH 3937, a partial carapace

P. tantillus

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming Bridger B
  • AMNH 6018, partial carapace

P. thomasi

Sublette and Uinta Counties, Wyoming
  • AMNH 5980, nearly-complete carapace with plastron

P. visendus

Rattlesnake Hills, Fremont County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 1895, carapace

Platypeltis[120][121]

P. serialis

P. trepida

Grizzly Buttes, Uinta County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 5925, partial carapace

Trionyx[122]

T. concentricus

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming
  • AMNH 1049, partial carapace

Incertae sedis

[edit]
Reptiles of uncertain placement reported from the Bridger Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Images

Naocephalus[123]

N. porrectus

Cottonwood Creek, Sublette County, Wyoming Bridger B

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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