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Cathaica pyrrhozona

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cathaica pyrrhozona
Temporal range: Pliocene–Recent
Cathaica pyrrhozona shells
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Camaenidae
Genus: Cathaica
Species:
C. pyrrhozona
Binomial name
Cathaica pyrrhozona
R. A. Philippi (1845)
Synonyms
  • Cathaica (Cathaica) pyrrhozona (R. A. Philippi, 1845) ·
  • Helix pyrrhozona R. A. Philippi, 1845

Cathaica pyrrhozona is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae, which is similar to Cathaica fasciola on shell morphology. [1] [2] But this species has single proximal accessory sac instead of two.

Taxonomy

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This species was described under the name Helix pyrrhozona by German–Chilean paleontologist and zoologist Rodolfo Amando Philippi in 1845.

Distribution

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This species was considered as synonym of Cathaica fasciola which was considered as widely distributed in China.[3][4] However, Zhang and Wade (2023) [2] found that Cathaica fasciola and Cathaica pyrrhozona are two different species.

Description

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The shell is same with Cathaica fasciola,[2] thin,[5] but solid.[4] The color of the shell is white, rather opaque, with a broad chestnut-brown band at the periphery, and a faint brownish band below the suture.[4] The shape of the shell is depressed above and below.[4] The spire is low-conoid.[4] The surface is shining, sculptured above with close rib-striae, becoming more delicate below.[4] The shell has 5½ whorls.[5][4] The earliest whorl is smooth, shining, forming a subacute apex.[4] The following whorls are slightly convex, slowly increasing, separated by an impressed suture.[4] The last whorl is much wider, rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front.[4] The aperture is slightly oblique, lunate-oval.[4] The peristome is white and thickened with a strong white lip.[5][4] The umbilicus is rapidly narrowing to a narrow, deep perforation.[4] The width of umbilicus is one-eighth the greatest diameter.[4]

The width of the shell is 15 mm (0.59 in).[5][4] The height of the shell is 8.5 mm (0.33 in).[4]

The radula and jaw was depicted by George Washington Tryon and Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1894.[6]

The penis is slender, ending in a long retractor and the terminal vas deferens.[6] The dart sac is large, opening into the atrium.[6] There is a dense cluster of about ten club-shaped, glandular mucous glands near the atrium base.[6] The spermatheca duct is long.[6] Only one proximal accessory sac is found, which let this species be distinguished from C. fasciola.[2]

References

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  1. ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Cathaica pyrrhozona (R. A. Philippi, 1845). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1674203 on 2023-10-19
  2. ^ a b c d Zhang, Guoyi; Wade, C.M. (2023-09-01). "Molecular phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Chinese land snail Cathaica Möllendorff, 1884 (Eupulmonata: Camaenidae) in Shandong Province, China". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blad067.
  3. ^ Zhang, Min-Zhao; Du, Yan-Li; Qin, Xiao-Chun; Zhao, Yu-Jia; Wang, Jin-Zhong; Zhang, Zhi-Yong (2015-10-02). "Study on the behaviour of dormancy breaking in Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Molluscan Research. 35 (4): 213–217. doi:10.1080/13235818.2015.1044886. ISSN 1323-5818. S2CID 86206848.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1892). Volume 8. Helicidae – Volume VI. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 204-205, plate 47, figures 60-63.
  5. ^ a b c d Tryon G. W. (1887) Volume 3. Helicidae – Volume I. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. page 208, plate 47, figures 57-59.
  6. ^ a b c d e Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1894). Volume 9. Helicidae – Volume VII. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 205-206, plate 55, figures 6-7, plate 65, figures 7-8, plate 66, figure 32.
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Media related to Cathaica pyrrhozona at Wikimedia Commons