Climatological normals of india
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Climatological normals of India are long-term averages of meteorological variables that provide a standard baseline for assessing India's climate and its variations. These normals are typically calculated over a 30-year period and are updated every decade by the India Meteorological Department (IMD).
The most recent set covers the period from 1991 to 2020, replacing the previous 1981-2010 normals.[1] India's climatological normals encompass a wide range of weather conditions due to the country's vast geographic scale and varied topography.
The data includes parameters such as air temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, cloud amounts etc. s for hundreds of weather stations across India. These normals are crucial for understanding regional climate patterns, identifying long-term trends, and supporting various sectors including agriculture, water resource management, and urban planning.
The diverse climate of India, ranging from tropical in the south to alpine and tundra in the Himalayas, is reflected in these normals. They capture key features of India's climate such as the monsoon seasons, which significantly influence precipitation patterns across the country. Climatological normals serve as an important reference for climate research, policy-making, and assessing the impacts of climate change in India.
Definition and Purpose
[edit]Climatological normals of India are long-term averages of meteorological variables calculated over a 30-year period, providing a standard baseline for assessing India's climate and its variations. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) defines climatological normals as "arithmetic averages of climatological data computed for consecutive periods of thirty years". These normals are crucial for understanding India's diverse climate patterns and serve multiple purposes:
- Baseline for climate assessment: They provide a reference point for comparing current weather conditions to long-term averages.
- Climate change monitoring: Normals help in identifying long-term climate trends and assessing the impacts of climate change across India's varied geography.
- Sectoral planning: They are essential for various sectors such as agriculture, water resource management, urban planning, and energy production.
- Weather forecasting: Normals assist meteorologists in making more accurate weather predictions by providing historical context.
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) calculates these normals for numerous weather parameters, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed. The normals are updated every decade to reflect the most recent 30-year period, ensuring they remain relevant in the face of changing climate conditions.
Historical Development of the Normals
[edit]The concept of climatological normals in India has a rich history dating back to the early days of organized meteorological observations:
- Early beginnings: The India Meteorological Department was established in 1875, marking the start of systematic weather observations across the country.
- First publication: The first set of climatological tables for India was published in 1904, based on data from 171 stations.[2]
- Standardization: In 1935, the International Meteorological Organization (now WMO) standardized the use of 30-year periods for calculating normals, starting with 1901–1930.
- Expansion of network: Over the decades, IMD significantly expanded its network of weather stations, improving the spatial coverage and accuracy of climatological data.
- Modernization: The introduction of automated weather stations and advanced data processing techniques in the late 20th century enhanced the quality and quantity of data used for calculating normals.
- Recent updates: IMD has consistently updated its climatological normals every decade. The most recent set covers the period from 1991 to 2020, replacing the previous 1981-2010 normals.
- Increased parameters: Over time, the range of meteorological parameters included in the normals has expanded, providing a more comprehensive view of India's climate.
List of Observatories
[edit]There are a total of 405 observatories spread across Indian cities and villages from where this data has been collected. Out of this total of 405, 16 are in 12 big cities, 50 in rural areas and remaining (339) are in small and mid-sized cities.[3]
| State | Station | Population | City/Town/Village |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Car Nicobar | 17841 | Village |
| Hutbay | 7075 | Village | |
| Kondul | 0 | Village | |
| LONG ISLAND | 1028 | Village | |
| Mayabunder | 25778
2845 |
Subdistrict
Village | |
| Nancowry | 10634 | Village | |
| Port Blair | 165754
108058 |
Subdistrict
Town | |
| Andhra Pradesh | Anantapur | 2,61,004 | Town |
| Arogyavaram | urban | ||
| Bapatla | 70777 | Town | |
| BHADRACHALLAM | 50087 | Town (Census Town) | |
| CUDDAPAH | 22029 | Town | |
| DOLPHIN'S | urban | ||
| GANNAVARAM(A) | 1832 | Village | |
| HANAMKONDA | 3,92,798 | Town | |
| HYDERABAD | 39,43,323 | Town | |
| KAKINADA | 312538 | Town | |
| KALINGAPATNAM | 6,459 | Village | |
| KAVALI | 82336
90099 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| KHAMMAM | 184210 | Town | |
| KURNOOL | 296097 | Town | |
| MAHBUBNAGAR | 157733
190400 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| MASULIPATNAM | 1,69,892 | Town | |
| MEDAK | 44255
46880 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| NALGONDA | 135744
154326 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| NANDIGAMA | 44,359 | Town | |
| NANDYAL | 200516
211424 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| NARSAPUR | 6647 | Town (Census Town) | |
| NELLORE | 499575
547621 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| NIDADAVOLU | 43,809 | Town | |
| NIZAMABAD | 311152 | Town | |
| ONGOLE | 204746 | Town | |
| RAMGUNDAM | 229644 | Town | |
| RENTACHINTALA | 16,523 | Village | |
| TIRMALAI | 7741 | Town (Census Town) | |
| TIRUPATHY | 287482
293421 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| TUNI | 53425 | Town | |
| VISHAKHAPATNAM (A) | 9,77,771 | Town | |
| VISHAKHAPATNAM(VIZAG RS/RW) | 9,77,771 | Town | |
| ARUNACHAL PRADESH | PASIGHAT | 24656 | Town |
| ASSAM | DHUBRI | 63388 | Town |
| DIBRUGARH/MOHANBARI(A) | 139565
144063 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| GUWAHATI | 433771
528563 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| NORTH LAKHIMPUR | 59814 | Town | |
| RANGIA | 27889 | Town | |
| SILCHAR | 172830
178865 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| TEZPUR | 58559
75540 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| BIHAR | BHAGALPUR | 400146 | Town |
| CHAIBASA | 69565 | Town | |
| CHAPRA | 202352 | Town | |
| DALTONGANJ | 78396 | Town | |
| DARBHANGA | 296039 | Town | |
| DEHRI | 137231 | Town | |
| DUMKA | 47584 | Town | |
| GAYA | 468614
474093 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| HAZARIBAGH | 142489 | Town | |
| JAMSHEDPUR | 631364
677350 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| JAMSHEDPUR (A) | 631364
677350 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| MOTIHARI | 126158 | Town | |
| MUZAFFARPUR | 354,462 | Town | |
| PATNA (A) | 1684222 | Town | |
| PURNEA | 282248 | Town | |
| RANCHI (A) | 1073427 | Town | |
| SABOUR | 12575 | Town (Census Town) | |
| CHHATTISGARH | AMBIKAPUR | 1,12,449 | Town |
| BAILALDILA | Village | ||
| JAGDALPUR | 125463 | Town | |
| PBO RAIPUR | 1010433
1027264 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| RAIPUR | 1010433
1027264 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| RAIPUR MANA | 11953 | Town | |
| DAMAN & DIU | DIU | 23991 | Town |
| GOA | DABOLIM N.A.S. | 6027 | Village |
| MARMUGAO | 94,393 | Town | |
| PANJIM | 40017
70991 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| GUJARAT | AHMADABAD | 55,77,940 | Town |
| AMRELI | 105573
117967 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| BALSAR/VALSAD | 114636
139764 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| BARODA | 1670806
1752371 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| BARODA (A) | 1670806
1752371 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| BHAVNAGAR | 593368
605882 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| BHUJ/RUDRAMATA(A) | 143286
148834 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| DEESA | 111160 | Town | |
| DOHAD | 94578
118846 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| DWARKA | 38873 | Town | |
| IDAR | 31176
42306 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| KESHOD(A) | 2359 | Village | |
| NALIYA | 11415 | Village | |
| NEW KANDLA | 15782 | Urban | |
| OKHA | 62052 | Town | |
| PORBANDAR | 151770
152760 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| RAJKOT(A) | 1286678 | Town | |
| SURAT | 4467797 | City | |
| VALLABH‐VIDYNAGAR | 23783 | Town | |
| VERAVAL | 154636 | Town | |
| HARYANA | AMBALA | 195153 | Town |
| BHIWANI | 196057 | Town | |
| GURGAON | 886519 | Town | |
| HISSAR | 301383 | Town | |
| KARNAL | 302140 | Town | |
| NARNAUL | 74581 | Town | |
| ROHTAK | 374292 | Town | |
| HIMACHAL PRADESH | BHUNTAR | 4475 | Town |
| DHARAMSHALA | 22579
30764 |
Town (M)
Town (M+OG) | |
| KALPA | 1236 | Village | |
| MANALI | 35248 | Town | |
| NAHAN | 28899 | Town | |
| NAUNI/SOLAN | 482 | Village | |
| SHIMLA | 169578 | Town | |
| SUNDARNAGER | 24344 | Town (M CL) | |
| UNA | 58528 | Town | |
| JAMMU & KASHMIR | BADARWAH | 11084 | Town (MC) |
| BANIHAL | 3900 | Town | |
| BATOTE | 4315 | Town | |
| GULMARG | 1965 | Town | |
| JAMMU | 502197 | Town | |
| KATHUA | 51991
59866 |
Town (M CL)
Town (M CL + OG) | |
| KATRA | 9008 | Town | |
| KUKERNAG | 6553 | Rural | |
| KUPWARA | 21771 | Town | |
| PEHALGAM | 9264 | Town | |
| QUAZIGUND | 9871 | Rural | |
| SRINAGAR | 1180570 | Town (Municipal Corp) | |
| KARNATAKA | AGUMBE | Rural | |
| BAGALKOTE | 111933 | Town (MC) | |
| BALEHONNUR | Rural | ||
| BANGALURU | 9621551 | Town (Municipal Corp) | |
| BANGALURU (A) | urban | ||
| BELGAUM | 488157 | Town (Municipal Corp) | |
| BELGAUM/SAMBRE(A) | 13159 | urban | |
| BELLARY | 410445 | Town (Municipal Corp) | |
| BIDAR | 214373 | Town | |
| BIJAPUR | 327427 | Town | |
| CHICKMAGALUR | 118401 | Town | |
| CHITRADURGA | 140206 | Town | |
| GADAG | 172612 | Town | |
| GULBARGA | 533587 | Town | |
| HASSAN | 133436 | Town | |
| HONAVAR | 19109 | Town | |
| KARWAR | 63755 | Town (CMC) | |
| KOLAR GOLD FIELD | URBAN (DEFUNCT) | ||
| MANDYA | 137358 | Town (CMC) | |
| MANGALORE (PANAMBUR) | URBAN | ||
| MANGALORE/BAJPE | 9701 | Town (CT) | |
| MADIKERI/MERCARA | 33381 | Town (CMC) | |
| MYSORE | 893062
920550 |
Town (Municipal Corp)
Town (Municipal Corp + OG) | |
| RAICHUR | 234073 | Town (CMC) | |
| SHIMOGA | 322650 | Town (CMC) | |
| SHIRALI | 13899 | Village | |
| TUMKUR | 302143 | Town (CMC) | |
| KERALA | CALICUT/KOZHICODE | 431650 | Town (Municipal Corp) |
| CALICUT/KOZHICODE | 550440 | Town (Municipal Corp + OG) | |
| CANNANORE | 2421 | Village | |
| COCHIN | 265998 | Town (Municipal Corp) | |
| KARIPUR AIRPORT | Urban | ||
| KOTTAYAM | 55374 | Town | |
| PALGHAT/PALAKKAD | 130955 | Town | |
| PUNALUR | 46702 | Town | |
| THIRUVANANTHAPURAM | 743691 | Town (Municipal Corp) | |
| THIRUVANANTHAPURAM | 25736 | Town (Municipal Corp + OG) | |
| THRISSUR | 315957 | Town (Municipal Corp) | |
| LAKSHADWEEP | AGATHI AIRPORT | Village | |
| AMINI DIVI | 7661 | Town (Census Town) | |
| MINICOY | 10447 | Village | |
| MADHYA PRADESH | ALIRAJPUR(JHABUA) | 28498 | Urban |
| BAGRATAWA | Village | ||
| BETUL | 103330 | Town | |
| BHOPAL BAIRAGARH(A) | 1036 | Village | |
| CHHINDWARA | 138291 | Town | |
| DAMOH | 8100 | Town (Hirdespur) | |
| DATIA | 100284 | Town | |
| DHAR | 93917 | Town | |
| Chhattisgarh | GINABAHAR | 2289 | Village |
| GUNA | 180935 | Town | |
| GWALIOR | 20,32,036 | City | |
| HOSHANGABAD | 12,41,350 | City | |
| INDORE | 32,76,697 | City | |
| JABALPUR | 24,63,289 | City | |
| JASHPURNAGAR | 25422 | Town | |
| KANNOD | 17744 | Town | |
| KHAJURAHO | 24481 | Town | |
| KHANDWA | 200738 | City | |
| KHARGONE | 106454 | City | |
| MALANJKHAND | 5533 | Town (Garra) | |
| MANDLA | 49463 | Town | |
| NARSINGHPUR | 2147 | Village | |
| NIMACH | 1163 | Village | |
| NOWGAON | 40580 | City | |
| PANNA | 50820 | City | |
| Chhattisgarh | PENDRA ROAD | 1,34,135 | Town (Gaurella) |
| Chhattisgarh | RAIGARH | 137126 | Town |
| RAISEN | 44162 | Town | |
| RAJGARH | 45,726 | City | |
| Chhattisgarh | RAJNANDGAON | 163114 | City |
| RATLAM | 264914 | City | |
| REWA | 235654 | City | |
| SAGAR | 273296 | City | |
| SATNA | 280222 | City | |
| SEONI | 102343 | City | |
| SHAJAPUR | 69263 | Town | |
| SHEOPUR | 68820 | City | |
| SHIVPURI | 179977 | City | |
| SIDHI | 54331 | Town | |
| THIKRI | 8620 | Village | |
| TIKAMGARH | 79106 | Town | |
| UJJAIN | 515215 | City | |
| UMARIA | 33,114 | City | |
| VIDISHA | 155951 | Town | |
| MAHARASHTRA | AHMEDNAGAR | 202 | Village |
| AKOLA | 473,000 | City | |
| AKOLA | Urban | ||
| ALIBAGH | 20,743 | Town | |
| AMRAVATI | 647057 | City | |
| AURANGABAD/CHIKALTHANA(A) | 1175116 | City | |
| BARAMATI | 54415 | City | |
| BHIRA | Rural | ||
| BIR | 146709 | City (Bid Town M-CL) | |
| BRAHMAPURI | 36025 | Town | |
| BULDHANA | 67431 | City | |
| CHANDRAPUR | 320379 | City | |
| DAHANU | 50287 | Town | |
| DEVGARH | 2417 | Village | |
| GONDIA | 132813 | City (Gondiya) | |
| HARNAI | 7274 | Village | |
| JALGAON | 460228 | City | |
| JEUR | 6,880 | Village | |
| KOLAHPUR | 549236 | City | |
| MAHABALESWAR | 13393 | Town | |
| MALEGAON | 471312 | City | |
| MIRAJ(SANGLI) | 502793 | City | |
| MUMBAI/COLABA | Town | ||
| MUMBAI/SANTACRUZ | Urban | ||
| NAGPUR/MAYO_HOSPITAL | Urban | ||
| NAGPUR/SONEGAON | 9387 | Town | |
| NANDED | 550439 | City | |
| OSMANABAD | 111825 | City | |
| OZAR | 51297 | Town | |
| PARBHANI | 307170 | City | |
| PUNE | 3124458 | City | |
| PUSAD | 73046 | City | |
| RATNAGIRI | 76229 | City | |
| SATARA | 120195 | City | |
| SOLAPUR | 951558 | City | |
| SIRONCHA | 7427 | Town (CT) | |
| VENGURLA | 12392 | Town (CT) | |
| WARDHA | 3207 | Village | |
| YEOTMAL | 116551 | Town (M CL) | |
| MANIPUR | IMPHAL | 277,196 | Town (M CL) |
| MEGHALAYA | BARAPANI | Village (Umiam Hydel Project) | |
| CHERRAPUNJI | 11722 | Town (CT) | |
| SHILLONG | 155159 | Town (MB) | |
| MIZORAM | AIJWAL | 293416 | Town (NT) |
| LENGPUI | 3282 | Town (NT) | |
| NEW DELHI | PALAM | Residential | Town/Urban |
| Town/District - 1,42,004 | AYANAGAR | Area | Town/Urban |
| SAFDARJUNG | Within | Town/Urban | |
| C.H.O. | New Delhi | Town/Urban | |
| ORRISA | ANGUL | 1106/425 | Village (two in Odisha) |
| BALASORE | 242 | Village | |
| BARIPADA | 3 Villages + 1 Town | ||
| BHAWANI PATNA | 69045 | Town (M) | |
| BHUBANESHWAR(A) | 843402 | Town (M Corp) | |
| BOLANGIR | 1325 | Village | |
| CHANDBALI | 2650 | Village | |
| CUTTACK | 610189 | Town (M Corp) | |
| GOPALPUR (Boxipalli) | 2407 | Village | |
| HIRAKUD | 30207 | Town (NAC) | |
| JHARSUGUDA | 97730 | Town (M) | |
| KEONJHARGARH | 60590 | Town (M) | |
| PARADIP | 68585 | Town (M) | |
| PULBANI | 37371 | Town (M) | |
| PURI | 200564 | Town (M) | |
| SAMBALPUR | 184000 | Town (M) | |
| SUNDERGARH | 45036 | Town (M) | |
| TITLAGARH | 34067 | Town (NAC + OG) | |
| PONDICHERRY | PONDICHERRY | 231513 | Municipality |
| PONDICHERRY(M.O) | 69497 | Rural Households | |
| PUNJAB | AMRITSAR/RAJASANI(A) | 14298 | Town (NP) |
| KAPURTHALA | 98916 | Town (M CL) | |
| LUDHIANA | 1618879 | Town (M Corp) | |
| LUDHIANA P.A.U. | 1618879 | Town (M Corp) | |
| PATIALA | 406192 | Town (M Corp) | |
| PATIALA RS/RW | Urban | ||
| RAJASTHAN | ABU | 22943 | Town (M) |
| AJMER | 542321 | Town (M Corp) | |
| BANSWARA | 99969 | Town (M) | |
| BHARATPUR | Villages (Two villages) | ||
| BARMER | 96225 | Town (M) | |
| BHILWARA | 359483 | Town (M CL) | |
| BIKANER | 644406 | Town (M Corp) | |
| CHAMBAL | 1485 | Village | |
| CHITTORGARH | 116406 | Town (M) | |
| CHURU | 119856 | Town (M CL) | |
| DHOLPUR | 141 | Village | |
| GANGANAGAR | Village (4 Villages) | ||
| JAIPUR/SANGANER | Town (M Corp) / Village | ||
| JAISALMER | 65471 | Town (M) | |
| JAWAI BANDH | 184 | Village | |
| JHALWAR | 66919 | Town (M) | |
| KOTA (A) | 1001694 | Town (M Corp) | |
| KOTA (PB-MICROMET) | Urban | ||
| PHALODI | 49914 | Town (M + OG) | |
| PILANI | 29741 | Town (M) | |
| SAWAI | 121106 | Town (M) | |
| SIKAR | 244497 | Town (M CL + OG) | |
| UDAIPUR | 451100 | Town(M CL) | |
| UDAIPUR (DABOK) | 5087 | Village | |
| SIKKIM | GANGTOK | 100286 | M Corp |
| TADONG | 1445 | Village | |
| TAMILNADU | ADIRAMPATTINAM | 2448 | Village |
| ARIYALUR | 28902 | Town (M) | |
| CHENNAI/MINAMBAKKAM | 4646732 | Town (M Corp) | |
| CHENNAI/NUNGAMBAKKAM | 1554 | Village | |
| COIMBATORE(PEEAMEDU) | 1050721 | Town (M Corp) | |
| COONOOR | 45494 | Town (M) | |
| CUDDALORE | 173636 | Town (M) | |
| DHARAMPURI | 68619 | Town (M) | |
| ERODE | 157101 | Town (M Corp) | |
| K.PARAMATHI | 3488 | Village | |
| KANNIYAKUMARI | 22453 | Town (TP) | |
| KODAIKANAL | 36501 | Town (M) | |
| KARAIKAL | 86838 | Town (M) | |
| KORADACHERI | 6450 | Town (TP) | |
| KUDIMIAMALAI | 2643 | Village | |
| MADURAI | 1017865 | Town (M Corp) | |
| MADURAI | Village (Two villages) | ||
| METTUR | 52813 | Town | |
| NAGAPATTINAM | 102905 | Town | |
| OCTACAMUND | 43317 | Town | |
| PALAYANKOTTAI | 6932 | Village | |
| PAMBAN | 37819 | Village | |
| PORT NOVO | 25541 | Town | |
| SALEM | 829267 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| TANJAVUR | 222943 | Town | |
| TIRUCHCHIRAPALLI(A) | 214529 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| TIRUCHI | 847387 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| TIRUPATHUR | 25980 | Town (TP) | |
| TIRUTANI | Urban | ||
| TONDI | 18465 | Town | |
| TUTICORIN | 14159 | Village | |
| VEDARANNIYAM | 34266 | Town (Municipality) | |
| VELLORE | 185803 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| TELANGANA | ADILABAD | 117167 | Town (Municipality) |
| TRIPURA | AGARTALA | 400004 | Town (Municipal Council) |
| KAILASHAHAR | Urban | ||
| UTTARAKHAND | DEHRADUN | 569578 | Town (Municipal Corporation) |
| MUKTESHWAR | 812 | Village | |
| PANTANAGAR | 22,258 | Town (Census Town) | |
| ROORKEE | 118200 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| UTTAR PRADESH | AGRA | 1585704 | Town (Municipal Corporation) |
| ALIGARH | 874408 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| ALLAHABAD/BAMHRAULI | 1112544 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| BAHRAICH | 186223 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| BALLIA | 104424 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| BANDA | Urban | ||
| BARABANKI | Urban | ||
| BAREILLY | 903668 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| CHURK | 6883 | Town (Nagar Palika) | |
| ETAWAH | 256838 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| FAIZABAD | 165228 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| FATEHGARH | 14793 | Town (CB) | |
| FATEHPUR | 193193 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| GAZIPUR | Urban | ||
| GONDA | Urban | ||
| GORAKHPUR | 673446 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| HAMIRPUR | 35475 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| HARDOI | 126851 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| JHANSI | 505693 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| KANPUR | 2765348 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| KHERI LAKHIMPUR | 151993 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| LUCKNOW/AMAUSI(A) | 2817105 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| MAINPURI | 120400 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| MATHURA | 349909 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| MEERUT | 1305429 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| MORADABAD | 887871 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| MUKHIM | Rural | ||
| MUZAFFERNAGAR | 392768 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| NAJIBABAD | 88535 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| SHAHAJAHANPUR | Urban | ||
| SULTANPUR | 107640 | Town (Nagar Palika Parishad) | |
| VARANASI | 1198491 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| VARANASI/BABATPUR(A) | 1803 | Village | |
| WEST BENGAL | BAGATI | 1263 | Village |
| BALURGHAT | 151416 | Town (Municipality) | |
| BANKURA | 137386 | Town (Municipality) | |
| BANKURA | 137386 | Town (Municipality) | |
| BERHAMPUR | 195223 | Town (Municipality) | |
| CALCUTTA | 4496694 | Town (Municipal Corporation) | |
| CALCUTTA/DUMDUM | 114786 | Town (Municipality) | |
| CANNING | Unknown | Town | |
| CONTAI | 92226 | Town (Municipality) | |
| COOCH BIHAR(A) | District | Urban | |
| DARJEELING | 4787 | Town | |
| DIGHA | 8159 | Town (CT) | |
| DIMOND HARBOUR | 41802 | Town (Municipality) | |
| HALDIA | 200827 | Town (Municipality) | |
| JALPAIGURI | 107341 | Town (Municipality) | |
| KALIMPONG | 49403 | Town (Municipality) | |
| KRISHNANAGAR | 153062 | Town (Municipality) | |
| MALDA | 84012 | Town (Municipality) | |
| MIDNAPORE | Urban | ||
| PURULIA | Urban | ||
| SAGAR ISLAND | Rural | ||
| SANDHEADS | Rural | ||
| SHANTI NIKETAN | 80210 | Town (Municipality) | |
| ULBERIA | 222240 | Town (Municipality) |
References
[edit]- ^ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). IMD Pune. July 2022. Retrieved 1 Sep 2024.
- ^ Jaswal, AK; Bhambak, SR; Gujar, MK; Mohite, SH; Anantharaman, S; Bhagyalakshmy, S (2012). "Development of 1961-1990 monthly surface climatology of India and patterns of differences of some meteorological parameters with respect to the 1951-1980 climatology". Mausam Journal. 63 (3): 377–390. doi:10.54302/mausam.v63i3.1222.
- ^ "Nagrika - Rise in temperature & Heatwaves in small and mid-sized cities". Nagrika. 2024-05-14. Retrieved 2024-09-01.