Danagla
The Danagla (Arabic: الدناقلة, "People of Dongola") are a Nubian tribe in northern Sudan[1][2] primarily settling between the third Nile cataract and al Dabbah. Along with Kenzi, Fadicca, Halfawi, Sikot, and Mahas, they form a significant part of the Nubians.[3][4] They traditionally spoke the Nubian Dongolawi or Andaandi language, which in the 19th century was still spoken as far south as Korti and probably even further upstream.[5] Today it is threatened by complete replacement by Arabic as it is only spoken among parts of the population, especially the elders, although there are a lot of initiatives to revive it among the young generations.[6] Due to this some modern scholars count the Danagla to the Nubians instead of the Sudanese Arabs, although many Danagla consider themselves to be a branch of the Arab Ja'alin tribe, who claim to descend from Abbas.[7][8]
Genetics
[edit]According to Y-DNA analysis by Hassan et al (2008), around 44% of Nubians and Danaglas generally in Sudan carry the haplogroup J in individually varied but rather small percentages. The remainder mainly belong to the E1b1b clade (23%). Both paternal lineages are also common among local Afroasiatic-speaking populations.[9]
Thus it's observed that approximately 83% of their Nubian samples carried various subclades of the Africa-centered macrohaplogroup L. Of these mtDNA lineages, the most frequently borne clade was L3 (30.8%), followed by the L0a (20.6%), L2 (10.3%), L1 (6.9%), L4 (6.9%) and L5 (6.9%) haplogroups. The remaining 17% of Nubians belonged to sublineages of the Eurasian macrohaplogroups M (3.4% M/D, 3.4% M1) and N (3.4% N1a, 3.4% preHV1, 3.4% R/U6a1). These results can be used as rough estimates of genetics most Nubians hold.[citation needed]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Adebanwi, Wale; Orock, Rogers (2021-05-24). Elites and the Politics of Accountability in Africa. University of Michigan Press. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-472-05481-7.
Dangala (Arab tribe)
- ^ Wai, Dunstan M. (1981). The African-Arab Conflict in the Sudan. Africana Publishing Company. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-8419-0631-0.
Dangala Arabs
- ^ Khogali, Mustafa M. (1991). "The Migration of the Danagla to Port Sudan: A Case Study on the Impact of Migration on the Change of Identity". GeoJournal. 25 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1007/BF00179772. JSTOR 41145258. S2CID 153646409. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ^ "Sudan" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ^ Gerhards 2023, p. 138–141, 147.
- ^ "Glottolog 4.6 - Dongola". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
- ^ Adams 1977, pp. 560–562.
- ^ Bjokelo 2003, p. 7.
- ^ Hollfelder, Nina; Schlebusch, Carina M.; Günther, Torsten; Babiker, Hiba; Hassan, Hisham Y.; Jakobsson, Mattias (2017-08-24). "Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations". PLOS Genetics. 13 (8): e1006976. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006976. ISSN 1553-7390. PMC 5587336. PMID 28837655.
Literature
[edit]- Adams, William Y. (1977). Nubia. Corridor to Africa. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-09370-3.
- Bjokelo, Anders (2003). Prelude to the Mahdiyya: Peasants and Traders in the Shendi Region, 1821-1851. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521534445.
- Gerhards, Gabriel (2023). "Präarabische Sprachen der Ja'aliyin und Ababde in der europäischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts". Der Antike Sudan (in German). 34. Sudanarchäologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin e.V: 135–152.
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