Daphnia studeri
| Daphnia studeri | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Branchiopoda |
| Order: | Anomopoda |
| Family: | Daphniidae |
| Genus: | Daphnia |
| Subgenus: | Ctenodaphnia |
| Species: | D. studeri
|
| Binomial name | |
| Daphnia studeri Rühe, 1914
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Daphnia studeri is a species of microcrustacean in the genus Daphnia. D. studeri lives in oligotrophic freshwater and slightly brackish lakes in Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands.
Adult Daphnia studeri are typically 1.5 to 2.5 mm (0.059 to 0.098 in)[1] and colorless or slightly pink.[2][3]
Taxonomy
[edit]Daphnia studeri was originally described in the genus Daphniopsis, but later morphological and DNA studies have placed it and the 9 other Daphniopsis species in the genus Daphnia and subgenus Ctenodaphnia.[4][5]
Distribution
[edit]D. studeri lives in freshwater and slightly saline lakes in Antarctica and sub-Antarctic islands.[2][1] It is the only cladoceran in Antarctic lakes,[4] but one of two microcrustaceans, alongside Acanthocyclops mirnyi.[6]
Other species in Daphnia mostly live in salt lakes, and it is likely D. studeri historically migrated from saltwater back to freshwater.[4]
Adult females remain active year round, despite many Antarctic lakes being extremely oligotrophic and ice covered much of the year.[6][1] The overwintering females have large lipid reserves, which is thought to help them survive in the seasons of low productivity.[2]
Reproduction
[edit]In the ultra-oligotrophic lakes, including Lake Druzhby and Crooked Lake, D. studeri produces only one or two broods per year, with one to two eggs per brood. More eggs are produced in lakes which have been enriched by bird or seal feces, allowing for higher algae production.[2] There are no fish or other predators for D. studeri, which allows it to sustain a population with so few offspring.[6]
Feeding
[edit]D. studeri is a filter feeder, feeding primarily on algae, as well as bacteria when algae abundance is low.[2] It grazes mostly at night, accompanied by an upward nocturnal migration.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Laybourn-Parry, Johanna; Marchant, HarveyJ. (1992). "Daphniopsis studeri (Crustacea: Cladocera) in lakes of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica". Polar Biology. 11 (8): 631. Bibcode:1992PoBio..11..631L. doi:10.1007/BF00237958. ISSN 0722-4060. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Säwström, Christin; Karlsson, Jan; Laybourn-Parry, Johanna; Granéli, Wilhelm (2009). "Zooplankton feeding on algae and bacteria under ice in Lake Druzhby, East Antarctica". Polar Biology. 32 (8): 1195–1202. Bibcode:2009PoBio..32.1195S. doi:10.1007/s00300-009-0619-0. ISSN 0722-4060. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
- ^ a b Jarvis, Andrew C. (1988). "Diel zooplankton community feeding activity and filtration rates of Pseudoboeckella volucris and Daphniopsis studeri on sub-antarctic Marion Island". Hydrobiologia. 164 (1): 13–21. Bibcode:1988HyBio.164...13J. doi:10.1007/BF00014346. ISSN 0018-8158. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
- ^ a b c Colbourne, J. K.; Wilson, C. C.; Hebert, P. D. N. (2006). "The systematics of Australian Daphnia and Daphniopsis (Crustacea: Cladocera): a shared phylogenetic history transformed by habitat-specific rates of evolution: AUSTRALIAN DAPHNIA EVOLUTION". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 89 (3): 469–488. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00687.x. ISSN 0024-4066. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
- ^ Adamowicz, Sarah J.; Petrusek, Adam; Colbourne, John K.; Hebert, Paul D.N.; Witt, Jonathan D.S. (2009). "The scale of divergence: A phylogenetic appraisal of intercontinental allopatric speciation in a passively dispersed freshwater zooplankton genus". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 50 (3): 423–436. Bibcode:2009MolPE..50..423A. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.026. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 19124080. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
- ^ a b c Laybourn-Parry, Johanna; Marchant, H.J.; Brown, P. (1991). "The plankton of a large oligotrophic freshwater Antarctic lake". Journal of Plankton Research. 13 (6): 1137–1149. doi:10.1093/plankt/13.6.1137. ISSN 0142-7873. Retrieved 7 October 2024.