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December 1947

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The following events occurred in December 1947:

December 1, 1947 (Monday)

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  • With 60 percent of France's production tied up by strikes, a thirty-three hour filibuster waged by the Communists to prevent a vote in the National Assembly on Prime Minister Robert Schuman's anti-strike bill came to a head at 11 p.m. when Communist Deputy Raoul Calas disobeyed an order to leave the tribune and other Communists massed around him to prevent his ejection. The sit-down strike finally ended at 6 a.m. the next morning when the Communists got up and marched out just as forty Republican Guards entered the chamber to eject them by force.[1]
  • University of Notre Dame quarterback Johnny Lujack was named the winner of the Heisman Trophy.[2]
  • Born: Bob Fulton, Australian rugby league footballer, in Warrington, England (d. 2021)
  • Died: Aleister Crowley, 72, English occultist; G. H. Hardy, 70, English mathematician

December 2, 1947 (Tuesday)

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December 3, 1947 (Wednesday)

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December 4, 1947 (Thursday)

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  • The Judges' Trial ended in Nuremberg. 10 of the 15 German jurists and lawyers on trial were found guilty of Nazi war crimes and given prison sentences of varying lengths, including life for four of them.
  • The Egyptian government banned public demonstrations in Cairo after police clashed with 15,000 marchers protesting against the partition of Palestine.[7]
  • Died: Jesse B. Jackson, 76, United States consul and eyewitness to the Armenian genocide

December 5, 1947 (Friday)

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December 6, 1947 (Saturday)

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December 7, 1947 (Sunday)

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  • A drastic new anti-strike law went into effect in France, raising the maximum penalty for sabotage from six months to ten years in jail, and providing five year sentences for anyone convicted of using fraud or violence to disrupt freedom of work. That night the Interior Ministry reported that nearly 1,000 arrests had been made.[9]
  • Born: Johnny Bench, baseball player, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Wendy Padbury, actress, in Warwickshire, England; Garry Unger, ice hockey player, in Calgary, Canada
  • Died: Tristan Bernard, 81, French playwright, novelist, journalist and lawyer; Nicholas Murray Butler, 85, American philosopher, diplomat, Nobel laureate and 12th president of Columbia University; Charles McGuinness, 54, Irish adventurer, author and sailor

December 8, 1947 (Monday)

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  • The Krupp Trial began in Nuremberg. Twelve former directors of the Krupp Group stood accused of having actively participated in the Nazis' plans for a war of aggression as well as for having used slave labor.
  • The US Supreme Court decided Patton v. Mississippi, ordering a new trial for Eddie Patton, an African-American on death row in Mississippi. The 9–0 decision found that blacks had been excluded from the jury that convicted Patton of killing a white man.[10][11]
  • Nations of the Arab League meeting in Cairo promised "immediate measures" to help Palestinian Arabs resist partition.[12]
  • Born: Gérard Blanc, singer, guitarist and actor, in France (d. 2019); Thomas Cech, chemist and Nobel laureate, in Chicago, Illinois

December 9, 1947 (Tuesday)

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December 10, 1947 (Wednesday)

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December 11, 1947 (Thursday)

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  • An estimated 500,000 workers participated in Rome's general strike. The Interior Ministry announced that 100 arrests had been made during clashes with Communists trying to keep workers from their jobs.[15]
  • Britain announced that it would end its mandate over Palestine on May 15.[3]
  • A reshuffle of the Bulgarian cabinet gave 13 of 23 ministerial posts to communists.[12]

December 12, 1947 (Friday)

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  • In Jerusalem, members of the Jewish underground killed six more Arabs and threw grenades at the office of the newspaper of the exiled Grand Mufti Amin al-Husseini.[16]
  • After a second day of violence in Rome in which 200 policemen clashed with 3,000 strikers, the Communist-led general strike ended at midnight, 48 hours after it began. The strikers and the government both claimed success.[17][18]
  • Born: Will Alsop, architect, in Northampton, England (d. 2018)

December 13, 1947 (Saturday)

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December 14, 1947 (Sunday)

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December 15, 1947 (Monday)

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December 16, 1947 (Tuesday)

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December 17, 1947 (Wednesday)

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December 18, 1947 (Thursday)

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December 19, 1947 (Friday)

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December 20, 1947 (Saturday)

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  • Italy was hit with a new wave of labor strife when 300,000 workers in flour mills and food-processing factories went on strike.[25]
  • On the 30th anniversary of the creation of the Cheka, newspaper editorials told Russian citizens that a foreign intelligence campaign had persisted for 40 years and that they should be on constant alert against "imperialist" threats.[26]

December 21, 1947 (Sunday)

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  • Arab People's Army leader Fawzi al-Qawuqji stated the Arab plan to gain military control of Palestine and set up an all-Arab state.[3]
  • The first postwar elections of deputies to local Soviets was held in the Soviet Socialist Republics of Russia, Ukraine, Moldavia, Armenia and Karelia, with the Communist Party running unopposed.[22]
  • The Italian food workers' strike was called off after less than 48 hours when the workers won a promise of increased wages and severance pay.[27]
  • Born: Paco de Lucía, flamenco guitarist, in Algeciras, Spain (d. 2014)

December 22, 1947 (Monday)

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December 23, 1947 (Tuesday)

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  • President Truman signed a bill providing $522 million in stopgap relief for France, Italy and Austria, $18 million for China and $340 million for US occupational expenses.[10]
  • Acting on the advice of his three-man Amnesty Board, President Truman granted pardons to 1,523 men convicted during the war of violating the Selective Service Act. All but three had already finished serving their prison sentences.[29]
  • John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley create the first practically-implemented transistor.[30]

December 24, 1947 (Wednesday)

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December 25, 1947 (Thursday)

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December 26, 1947 (Friday)

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  • Speaking in his own defense at his war crimes trial in Tokyo, former Japanese prime minister Hideki Tojo claimed that war was justified in 1941 because pressure from the United States and Britain had maneuvered Japan into firing the first shot "in self-defense." Tojo accepted responsibility for Japan's defeat but denied any "legal or criminal" responsibility.[31]
  • The Heard and McDonald Islands were transferred from Britain to Australia.
  • Born: Carlton Fisk, baseball player, in Bellows Falls, Vermont

December 27, 1947 (Saturday)

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December 28, 1947 (Sunday)

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December 29, 1947 (Monday)

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December 30, 1947 (Tuesday)

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December 31, 1947 (Wednesday)

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References

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  1. ^ Callender, Harold (December 2, 1947). "Sit-Down Is Ended". The New York Times: 1, 3.
  2. ^ "Lujack To Get Heisman Trophy". St. Petersburg Times: 16. December 2, 1947.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "1947". MusicAndHistory.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  4. ^ "Moslem Sages Ask Holy War As Duty to Bar Palestine Spirit". The New York Times: 1. December 3, 1947.
  5. ^ "Déraillement d'un train à Arras suite au mouvement de contestation de l'automne 1947". Fresques interactives. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  6. ^ a b Leonard, Thomas M. (1977). Day By Day: The Forties. New York: Facts On File, Inc. p. 745. ISBN 0-87196-375-2.
  7. ^ "15,000 Riot in Cairo Against Partition". The New York Times: 14. December 5, 1947.
  8. ^ Edelman, Rob. "Burt Shotton." The Team that Forever Changed Baseball and America: The 1947 Brooklyn Dodgers. Ed. Lyle Spatz. Society for American Baseball Research, 2012. p. 76-77.
  9. ^ "French Jail 1,000 Strikers". Chicago Daily Tribune. Chicago: 1. December 8, 1947.
  10. ^ a b c d e Yust, Walter, ed. (1948). 1948 Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 16.
  11. ^ "Analysis Case Detail". The Supreme Court Database. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  12. ^ a b Leonard, p. 746.
  13. ^ a b Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 664. ISBN 9-780582-039193.
  14. ^ "Rome Reds Call General Strike, Reject Truce". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn: 1. December 10, 1947.
  15. ^ "Rome Battles 1,000 in Red Strike Mob". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn: 1. December 11, 1947.
  16. ^ "Jews Bombard Newspaper of Exiled Mufti". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn: 1. December 12, 1947.
  17. ^ "Rome Police Beat 2 Red Deputies". Brooklyn Eagle. Brooklyn: 1. December 12, 1947.
  18. ^ "General Strike Ends in Rome". The Milwaukee Journal: 1. December 13, 1947.
  19. ^ "Our Troops Leave Italy". The New York Times: 24. December 15, 1947.
  20. ^ "Moscow Announces Withdrawal Of Soviet Troops From Bulgaria". The New York Times: 1. December 16, 1947.
  21. ^ "12 Lose Lives in B-29 Crash". The Milwaukee Journal: 1. December 17, 1947.
  22. ^ a b c Leonard, p. 748.
  23. ^ "World News Summarized". The New York Times: 1. December 20, 1947.
  24. ^ "When the night exploded - 70 years ago". Swissinfo. 2017-12-19. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  25. ^ "Fifteen Wounded in Italian Strikes". The New York Times: 22. December 21, 1947.
  26. ^ "Russians Get Spy Warnings". The Milwaukee Journal: 2. December 21, 1947.
  27. ^ "Food Workers End Walkout in Italy". The New York Times: 9. December 22, 1947.
  28. ^ "Was War Am 22. Dezember 1947". chroniknet. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  29. ^ Leonard, p. 749.
  30. ^ "November 17 - December 23, 1947: Invention of the First Transistor". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
  31. ^ Parrott, Lindesay (December 26, 1947). "Tojo Makes Plea of 'Self-Defense'". The New York Times: 1, 3.
  32. ^ Zwisohn, Laurence. "Happy Trails: The Life of Roy Rogers". RoyRogers.com. Archived from the original on December 18, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2016.