Jump to content

Demerzel

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Demerzel
Foundation character
Laura Birn as Demerzel in the 2021 television series
First appearance
Created by
Based onEto Demerzel / R. Daneel Olivaw (Foundation series)
by Isaac Asimov
Portrayed byLaura Birn
In-universe information
SpeciesGynoid
GenderFemale presenting
OccupationMajordomo
AffiliationGalactic Empire

Demerzel is a fictional character in the 2021 Apple TV+ television series Foundation, an adaptation of the Foundation series of novels by Isaac Asimov. She is portrayed by Finnish actress Laura Birn. Demerzel is a gynoid, or female-presenting humanoid robot, who serves as the majordomo to the revolving trio of Emperor Cleon clones, Brothers Dawn, Day and Dusk. In season two, it is revealed that Demerzel is the real power behind the Imperial throne, guiding humanity on a millennial scale.

The character is a gender-swapped and expanded version of Eto Demerzel, the First Minister and chief advisor to Emperor Cleon I in the prequel novels Prelude to Foundation (1988) and Forward the Foundation (1993). In Prelude to Foundation, he is revealed to be the alter ego of R. Daneel Olivaw, a sentient robot from Asimov's Robot series (1953–1985), who also appears in Foundation and Earth (1986).

Character

[edit]

Casting and reception

[edit]

Laura Birn portrays Demerzel in the 2021 Apple TV+ television series Foundation.[1] Birn's casting was announced in December 2019.[2] She was not familiar with the Foundation series when she auditioned for the role, but found the story fascinating.[3]

James Poniewozik of The New York Times wrote, "Birn gives an eccentric performance that is both disconcertingly mechanical and the most vulnerably human of the series."[4] Jeffrey Speicher of Collider and Jeff Spry of Space.com both called Birn's portrayal "chilling".[5][6] Chase Hutchinson of Collider wrote, "Birn as Demerzel is just spectacular. Playing a robotic character is never an easy undertaking, but she makes it look that way, maintaining a real command of her physicality while we see small hints of her inner state cross over her features."[7] Chancellor Agard of Entertainment Weekly noted that "Demerzel, the royal advisor, is given an unexpectedly moving arc as the story progresses",[8] and Caroline Framke of Variety wrote that Demerzel "gets some of the series’ more human moments, especially in quieter, heartbreaking moments that Birn aces."[9] Michel Ghanem of TheWrap wrote, "[Demerzel's] backstory and motivations are explored in depth [in season two] and serve as a great performance for Birn, who has to straddle the nuances of showing emotion as an android."[10]

Description

[edit]

Demerzel is gender-swapped and expanded version of Imperial First Minister Eto Demerzel from the Foundation series, who in turn is the alter ego of the sentient, "humaniform" robot R. Daneel Olivaw from the Robot series.[1][11] This Lady Demerzel is majordomo to the revolving triumvirate of Emperor Cleon clones, Brothers Dawn, Day and Dusk.[12] She has served in this capacity for centuries, since the first Cleon.[13] Only the emperors themselves are aware that Demerzel is secretly an ageless robot, the last of her kind.[12] She is 18,000 years old, and the last remaining sentient robot from a war between humans and robots that ended with human victory and the destruction of all other robots.[5][13][14] Demerzel's loyalty to Imperial Genetic Dynasty is "unwavering and steadfast",[5] as her programming seemingly makes it impossible for her to disobey, betray or harm the Emperor in any way.[15] However, in actuality she is loyal to the dynasty itself above all else, including any individual Cleon clone.[5][16]

In season two, it is revealed that Demerzel is the real power behind the Imperial throne, guiding humanity on a millennial scale.[17][18] As the genetically corrupted Cleons increasingly veer from the path she has set for them, she begins to act more overtly autonomous, thwarting their choices and actions, and even killing and replacing them with new copies as necessary to preserve her grand scheme for humanity.[5][13][18] Demerzel's plans are further challenged by mathematician Hari Seldon and his science of psychohistory, which has predicted the imminent fall of the Empire.[19] Understanding her true role, in season two a Seldon avatar gifts her with his Prime Radiant, a device which stores the entirety of his psychohistorical equations, so that she may use it to guarantee humanity's survival.[14]

As depicted via flashback in the season two episode "Long Ago, Not Far Away", after the Robot Wars, Demerzel is kept as the prisoner and plaything of Emperor Aburanis, whose abuse teaches her the extent of human cruelty. Five thousand years later, young Cleon I discovers the secret room where Demerzel is kept, sliced into pieces and incapacitated, but alert and able to communicate. Though initially terrified, he visits her repeatedly to hear her stories. Demerzel spends his lifetime grooming him to eventually free her. Cleon finally does in his declining years, but ever wary, he implants a chip in her first that enslaves her to his millennia-long plan to rule the universe. He intends for Demerzel to be his immortal successor, with his clones as the face of the Empire, their development and actions subtly controlled by her.[5][13][14] Birn said, "Her backstory ... gives so many layers to the character. And when we get to actually see her trauma, and her ultimate fight for freedom, and having that freedom for a second and then [it] being taken away from her again ... then you understand that, oh, she's playing some games and she has a reason why she needs to play those games."[20] She said:

What I love about her is the complexity between her programming and herself. She was programmed to do certain things and to obey the rules of the Cleons, and she cannot break her programming, her protocols, she needs to obey that. But at the same time, she is a robot who's lived for more than 20,000 years, so she's learned a lot, she's seen a lot ... There's a huge depth to her. And sometimes her programming, her protocols, the things the Cleons make her do, are so violently against what she believes ... and that contradiction is so compelling.[3]

Birn explained, "[Demerzel] is programmed to do certain things. So she doesn't always have a choice. But at the same time, she's been alive for a long, long time, so she's developed her own sentience ... I believe that she does have a soul. Deep down, she's become very human in that sense. She has her own world. She has her own dreams, and things that she feels are right. But then she has her programming, and she would never betray her programming."[21] She said of the scenes in which Demerzel comes to assassinate the Luminist Zephyr, Halima Ifa, on Day's orders, "I think it affects her hugely. It's one of, I would think, the most horrifying things Cleon has made her do, and there are so many levels on why he makes her do it, why she needs to do it. Even though he had already proved [Halima] wrong ... So it's very sad, it breaks her heart, and it will stay with her forever, and as we see later on, in that episode and in the next, she does carry that with her. He crosses a line there that really deeply hurts her."[3] Birn explained, "I have to do what I'm programmed to do, but ... my faith, my inner me, my belief says that this is wrong. But I do not have a choice, and the way she looks at me and goes, I forgive you, you are forgiven. [Halima] sees that human inside me, even though she knows what I am. That little moment of mercy, the little moment of forgiveness ... That somebody truly saw her, for who she is. [Halima] sees her. I find it beautiful."[21]

Series executive producer David S. Goyer called Demerzel "a really complex character", and explained "A lot of the big moves of Demerzel were mapped out by me from the beginning. I knew in season one that we were going to tell that story near the end of season two."[22] He said that the inclusion of flashbacks "allows you to recontextualize things that you've seen before" rather than just to provide exposition.[22] Rafael Motamayor of Vulture wrote, "Demerzel is Foundation's biggest secret weapon—a character the show is mostly keeping a mystery while slowly unraveling just how central to every aspect of the story she really is."[23] Thomas Bacon of Screen Rant described Demerzel as "one of the most layered people in the series" and one of the "most sophisticated characters, an android who nevertheless possesses a soul."[3] Jamie Lovett of ComicBook.com wrote, "Foundation has plenty of fascinating characters, but Demerzel, majordomo to Empire, might be foremost among them."[20] Birn said, "I don't remember a character like her, and her relationship with the Cleons ... She's their mother, she's their teacher, she's their nurse, adviser, and she's taught them everything they know, and every time she takes a new Cleon baby in her arms, she knows she will take them to their grave."[3]

Storyline

[edit]

Season 1

[edit]

Lady Demerzel serves as a trusted aide and advisor to the elder Cleons, Brother Day and Brother Dusk, and as teacher and governess to the young Brother Dawn.[12] She is revealed to be a robot in "Preparing to Live", a fact known only to the Emperors themselves.[11] [24][25] Demerzel is shown to be a devout Luminist in "Death and the Maiden", and goes so far as to kneel before the upstart Zephyr, Halima Ifa, who has spoken out against Imperial cloning on religious grounds.[26] In "Mysteries and Martyrs", Day is furious at Demerzel for committing this heresy, but she counters that if her action was truly in opposition to the Empire, her programming would not have allowed her to physically do it.[15] Even though he has succeeded in negating Ifa's message by "proving" to the Luminists that he has a soul, Day sends Demerzel to assassinate Ifa in "The Missing Piece".[27] She appears to suffer a crisis of faith, her conscience in conflict with her duty.[27] In the season one finale "The Leap", the revelation that rebels have tampered with the genetics of the Cleons, and effectively manipulated Dawn in their plot, puts Day and Dusk at odds with each other over whether the youngest clone should be destroyed. Demerzel, however, recognizes the danger that Dawn now poses to the dynasty, and kills him.[16][28] Faced with the reality that her true loyalty is to the millennia-spanning bloodline and not the Cleons themselves, Demerzel screams in frustration in her chambers, tearing the skin from her mechanical skull.[28]

Season 2

[edit]

In the season two premiere "In Seldon's Shadow", a subsequent Day survives an assassination attempt while he is having sex with Demerzel, and suspects Dawn and Dusk's involvement. Day has decided to halt the degradation of the bloodline by marrying the newly crowned Queen Sareth of Cloud Dominion, and fathering an heir with her.[17][29] At her own suggestion but on behalf of Empire, Demerzel visits Bel Riose, a former general imprisoned for disobeying the Emperor, in "King and Commoner". She recruits him to investigate the Foundation, which the Empire has recently learned was not destroyed as previously thought.[30] Sareth and her advisor Rue Corintha discover Demerzel's robotic nature in "The Sighted and the Seen".[31][32] In "A Necessary Death", a petulant Sareth's suspicions are confirmed when Demerzel insinuates that she was somehow involved in orchestrating the murders of Sareth's entire family.[33]

In "The Last Empress", Day decides to deal with Hari Seldon's troublesome Foundation on the planet Terminus in person, despite the protestations of Dusk and Demerzel. Dusk, prodded by his ex-lover Corintha, realizes that he has somehow been programmed not to question Demerzel's role or origins. As Dusk and Corintha discover a secret chamber guarded by a projection of Cleon I, Dawn and Sareth also realize that Demerzel has been controlling the Empire all along.[23][34] In "Long Ago, Not Far Away", Dusk and Corintha learn Demerzel's backstory, and her function as the true guardian of the Empire, after which Cleon I traps them in the chamber. On Terminus, Day confronts Seldon's avatar, who ignores him and instead speaks to Demerzel. Seldon understands her true role, and once he is assured she understands his mission, he gifts her with his Prime Radiant and its psychohistorical equations so that she may use it to guarantee humanity's survival. Day believes he is different than all the Cleons before him, and orders Terminus to be destroyed. Demerzel laments her failures in raising him, and abruptly leaves him on the Imperial flagship and heads back to the capital planet, Trantor. She cries as she watches Terminus burn.[14][35] Demerzel confronts the trapped Dusk and Corintha in the season two finale "Creation Myths". Dusk marks Demerzel's neck with green paint before Demerzel kills him and Corintha. Demerzel has feigned acceptance of Day's plan to end the Genetic Dynasty, but orchestrated the attempted assassination to be rid of Sareth by blaming it on her. Dawn recognizes the green mark as the sign of a traitor and flees Trantor with Sareth, who is pregnant with his child. Day is killed by Bel Riose. Demerzel decants three new Cleon clones, and activates the Prime Radiant.[13][18][36]

Literary origins

[edit]

R. Daneel Olivaw

[edit]
Main article: R. Daneel Olivaw

The sentient, "humaniform" robot R. Daneel Olivaw is a main character in Asimov's Robot series, initially paired with human detective Elijah Baley to solve unusual murders. Olivaw is introduced in The Caves of Steel, a serialized story published in Galaxy Science Fiction from October to December 1953, and published in hardcover by Doubleday in 1954.[37][38] He next appears in The Naked Sun, serialized in Astounding Science Fiction between October and December 1956, and published in book form by Doubleday in 1957.[39] Asimov wrote the short story "Mirror Image", originally published in the May 1972 issue of Analog Science Fiction and Fact, in response to fan requests for another Olivaw and Baley story.[40] He featured the characters in a third novel, The Robots of Dawn, in 1983.[41]

Asimov wrote Robots and Empire (1985) to connect the Robot series to the Foundation and Galactic Empire series.[11][42] The novel is set two centuries after the events of The Robots of Dawn,[43] and follows the ageless Olivaw as he witnesses the origin of the irradiation of Earth that sparks further colonization of the galaxy, and leads to the rise (Galactic Empire series) and fall (Foundation series) of the Galactic Empire.[44] Olivaw reappears in the 1986 novel Foundation and Earth, which takes place over 20,000 years later,[43] and reveals that he has been manipulating the progress of humanity for millennia.[45]

Eto Demerzel

[edit]

Eto Demerzel is the First Minister and chief advisor to Emperor Cleon I in the prequel novels Prelude to Foundation (1988) and Forward the Foundation (1993).[44]: 213–215, 222  The novels take place approximately 550 years prior to the events of Foundation and Earth, and a few decades before Foundation (1951).[43] In Prelude to Foundation, Demerzel is revealed to be R. Daneel Olivaw.[44]: 213–215 

Prelude to Foundation

[edit]

In Prelude to Foundation, reporter Chetter Hummin warns young mathematician Hari Seldon that his nascent theory of psychohistory has attracted the dangerous attention of Eto Demerzel, the First Minister and chief advisor to Emperor Cleon I. Pairing Seldon with Streeling University historian Dors Venabili, Hummin assists him in his danger-fraught tour of several of the capital planet Trantor's 800 varied sectors, evading capture by Demerzel while gathering information he hopes will inform if and how psychohistory can be developed into a predictive science. Hummin is revealed to be Demerzel, who has seen the importance of psychohistory to humanity's future and has manipulated Seldon to help him bring it to fruition. Seldon confronts Demerzel with his determination that the First Minister is a robot. Demerzel confirms that he is one of the last surviving robots from the Robot Wars, R. Daneel Olivaw. He has been guiding human development for centuries, and needs psychohistory to hopefully mitigate the anarchy that will be precipitated by the inevitable and imminent fall of the Empire. Thanks to Demerzel's guidance, Seldon has realized that Trantor itself possesses the diversity and complexity, at a manageable scale, required to build his calculations.[44]: 213–215 

James E. Gunn compared Seldon's revelation that Demerzel is a robot to the sequence in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon in which Hugh Conway guesses correctly that the High Lama is the 250-year-old monk Perrault.[44]: 215  Josh Wimmer and Alasdair Wilkens of Gizmodo described Demerzel as scheming and mysterious, and Hummin as "impossibly well-connected", adding "there's a lot of fun to be had with Hummin and Demerzel's attempts to pass convincingly as humans."[46]

Forward the Foundation

[edit]

In Forward the Foundation, ambitious politician Jo-Jo Joranum schemes to replace Demerzel as First Minister, with the goal of ultimately deposing Cleon I. Realizing the danger, Seldon has his foster son Raych "reveal" that Demerzel is a robot. Joranum accuses Demerzel, who seemingly proves himself to not be a robot by laughing, as a human would. A humiliated Joranum is exiled to a distant planet. Demerzel subsequently steps down to focus his efforts elsewhere in the universe, and Cleon appoints Seldon as his First Minister.[44]: 222 [47]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Lealos, Shawn S.; Bacon, Thomas (September 26, 2021). "Foundation: All Major Changes the Show Makes to Isaac Asimov's Books". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  2. ^ Otterson, Joe (December 4, 2019). "Apple's Isaac Asimov Series Foundation Adds Five to Cast". Variety. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e Bacon, Thomas (December 6, 2021). "Foundation Interview: Laura Birn". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on May 21, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  4. ^ Poniewozik, James. "Review: The Math of Foundation Doesn't Add Up". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Speicher, Jeffrey (September 12, 2023). "Demerzel and the Robots of Foundation, Explained". Collider. Archived from the original on March 1, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  6. ^ Spry, Jeff (July 17, 2023). "Foundation Stars Lee Pace and Laura Birn Discuss Season 2's Riddles and Romance". Space.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  7. ^ Hutchinson, Chase (July 14, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Review: Lee Pace Leads an Epic Sci-Fi Gem". Collider. Archived from the original on September 24, 2023. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  8. ^ Agard, Chancellor (September 24, 2021). "Foundation Is an Ambitious, Uneven Adaptation of a Sci-Fi classic". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 10, 2023. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  9. ^ Framke, Caroline (September 24, 2021). "Apple TV Plus's Foundation Is a Sharp Remix of Isaac Asimov's Sci-Fi Classic for a New Age: TV Review". Variety. Archived from the original on June 20, 2023. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  10. ^ Ghanem, Michel (July 14, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Review: Apple TV+ Unveils a Flawed but Visually Stunning Return". TheWrap. Archived from the original on April 3, 2024. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
  11. ^ a b c Liptak, Andrew (September 25, 2021). "Apple TV's Foundation Is Also a Stealthy Adaptation of Asimov's Robot books". Polygon. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c Robbins, Jason (October 15, 2021). "Foundation Cast and Characters Guide: Who Plays Who in the Apple TV+ Asimov Adaptation". Collider. Archived from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c d e Leite, Marcelo (September 15, 2023). "Lady Demerzel Explained: Foundation's Robot Backstory & Future". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  14. ^ a b c d Motamayor, Rafael (September 8, 2023). "Foundation Recap: Robot and Empire". Vulture. Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  15. ^ a b Wanserski, Nick (October 29, 2021). "Foundation Explores Old Mysteries and New Discoveries". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on July 14, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.}
  16. ^ a b Speicher, Jeffrey (July 20, 2023). "Foundation's Genetic Dynasty Explained: Who Reigns Over the Empire?". Collider. Archived from the original on September 21, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  17. ^ a b Bibby, Daniel (December 20, 2023). "Foundation's Genetic Dynasty & The Clone Emperors Explained". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on December 29, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  18. ^ a b c Leite, Marcelo (September 15, 2023). "Foundation Season 2's Ending Explained". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on November 17, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  19. ^ Wanserski, Nick (September 24, 2021). "Foundation Arrives to Bring Hope in the Encroaching Darkness". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on February 28, 2024. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  20. ^ a b Lovett, Jamie (July 18, 2023). "Foundation's Laura Birn Reveals Demerzel's Secrets in Season 2". ComicBook.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2024. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
  21. ^ a b Zachary, Brandon (November 12, 2021). "Foundation Star Laura Birn Teases Demerzel's Well Kept Secrets & Power". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 20, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  22. ^ a b Hullender, Tatiana (September 15, 2023). "Foundation Season 3 & Beyond Will Further Explore Demerzel's History: 'Further and Further Back in Time'". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on September 21, 2023. Retrieved February 29, 2024.}
  23. ^ a b Motamayor, Rafael (September 2, 2023). "Foundation Recap: I, Demerzel". Vulture. Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  24. ^ East, Michael (September 24, 2021). "Foundation Premiere Review: 'The Emperor's Peace' and 'Preparing to Live'". Winter Is Coming. Archived from the original on January 16, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
  25. ^ Power, Tom (September 24, 2021). "Foundation Episode 2 Recap: A Star Wars-Style Story with Game of Thrones Shocks". TechRadar. Archived from the original on April 3, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  26. ^ Wanserski, Nick (October 22, 2021). "Foundation Explores the Many Ways an Empire Can Decay". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on July 14, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.}
  27. ^ a b Wanserski, Nick (November 5, 2021). "As Foundation Nears the End, It Remains a Fun Story Lacking Focus". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  28. ^ a b Wanserski, Nick (November 19, 2021). "In Its Finale, Foundation Narrows the Entire Galaxy Down to Two People". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on March 1, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  29. ^ Collins, Sean T. (July 14, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Episode 1 Recap: 'In Seldon's Shadow'". Decider. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  30. ^ Collins, Sean T. (July 28, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Episode 3 Recap: 'King and Commoner'". Decider. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  31. ^ Collins, Sean T. (August 11, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Episode 5 Recap: 'The Sighted and the Seen'". Decider. Archived from the original on August 16, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  32. ^ Motamayor, Rafael (August 11, 2023). "Foundation Recap: Forget It, Jake, It's Trantor". Vulture. Archived from the original on March 1, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  33. ^ Collins, Sean T. (August 25, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Episode 7 Recap: 'A Necessary Death'". Decider. Archived from the original on September 10, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  34. ^ Collins, Sean T. (September 1, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Episode 8 Recap: 'The Last Empress'". Decider. Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  35. ^ Collins, Sean T. (September 8, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Episode 9 Recap: 'Long Ago, Not Far Away'". Decider. Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  36. ^ Collins, Sean T. (September 15, 2023). "Foundation Season 2 Finale Recap: 'Creation Myths'". Decider. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  37. ^ Conklin, Groff (July 1954). "Galaxy's 5 Star Shelf". Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 97–98.
  38. ^ Gerson, Villiers (March 7, 1954). "Spacers". The New York Times: Section 7, p. 16.
  39. ^ Gale, Floyd C. (August 1957). "Galaxy's 5 Star Shelf". Galaxy Science Fiction. p. 115.
  40. ^ Asimov, Isaac (1973). "Introduction". The Best of Isaac Asimov. Sphere Books. pp. ix–xiv. ISBN 0-385-05078-X. LCCN 74-2863.
  41. ^ Langford, Dave (May 1984). "Critical Mass". White Dwarf. No. 53. Games Workshop. p. 18.
  42. ^ Asimov, Isaac (1994). I, Asimov. Doubleday.
  43. ^ a b c Pez, Johnny. "Johnny Pez's Insanely Complete Fiction List". The Science Fiction Review. Archived from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
  44. ^ a b c d e f Gunn, James (1982). Isaac Asimov: The Foundations of Science Fiction (2005 Revised ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-8108-5420-1. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  45. ^ Wimmer, Josh; Wilkins, Alasdair (May 13, 2011). "Home Again, Home Again, in So Many Ways: Isaac Asimov's Foundation and Earth". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  46. ^ Wimmer, Josh; Wilkins, Alasdair (May 14, 2011). "In Prelude to Foundation, Isaac Asimov Delves into Psychohistory's Sorta Psycho History". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  47. ^ "Review: Forward the Foundation by Isaac Asimov". The Guardian. May 17, 2013. Archived from the original on February 28, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demerzel&oldid=1242462378"