Democratic Party (Japan, 2016)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Democratic Progressive Party, which has the same Chinese writing in its abbreviated name.
For other uses, see Democratic Party (Japan).
Democratic Party
民進党
Minshintō
Japanese nameMinshintō
LeaderKohei Otsuka
Founded27 March 2016; 8 years ago (2016-03-27)
Dissolved7 May 2018; 5 years ago (2018-05-07)
Merger of
Merged intoDemocratic Party for the People[a]
HeadquartersNagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
NewspaperMinshin Press
IdeologyLiberalism (Japanese)[b]
Political positionCentre to centre-left[b]
Colors  Blue[1][2]
  Red[2]
Website
minshin.jp
^ a: The candidates of this party ran as independents in 2017 Lower house election and sat within Group of Independents[3] and merged with Kibō no Tō to form DPFP, a party born from splits in the Liberal Democratic Party and Democratic Party.
^ b: But there were also some conservative[4][5][6] centre-right factions[7] within the party.

The Democratic Party (民進党, Minshintō), abbreviated as DP, was a political party in Japan. It was the largest opposition political party in Japan from 2016 until its marginalization in the House of Representatives in 2017.[8] The party was founded on 27 March 2016 from the merger of the Democratic Party of Japan and the Japan Innovation Party.[9] The majority of the party split on 28 September 2017, before the 2017 general election, with many its members contesting the election as candidates for the Party of Hope, Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or as party members without nomination.[10][11][12] On 7 May 2018 the DP merged with the Party of Hope to form the Democratic Party for the People.[13][14]

Etymology[edit]

The party's Japanese name Minshintō combines "min" from minshu ("democratic") and shin (進, "advance, progress"), not shin (新, "new") from ishin (innovation).[15] A literal translation of the name in English would be "Democratic Progressive Party", identical to the Taiwanese centre-left party which also shared the same Chinese characters. However, the party officially stated its English name as the Democratic Party.[16]

History[edit]

Democratic Party headquarters in Tokyo

Foundation[edit]

On 24 February 2016 the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and the Japan Innovation Party (JIP) announced that they were to merge at a special convention on 27 March to form a new opposition party in order to better compete with the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in an Upper House election that was scheduled for later the same year.[17][18][19][20] On 4 March 2016, the DPJ and JIP asked the public for suggestions for a name for the merged party.[21] On 14 March 2016, the name of the new party was announced as Minshintō (Democratic Progressive Party), the most popular shortlisted name among polled voters and preferred by the JIP, beating Rikken Minshutō (Constitutional Democratic Party) that was preferred by the DPJ.[15] On 18 March 2016, the official English language title of the new party was announced as the Democratic Party.[22] On 22 March, the DPJ announced that 4 sitting Representatives from Vision of Reform would join the party at its launch.[23]

The new party was founded on 27 March 2016 with the leadership consisting of Katsuya Okada as party president, Yukio Edano as secretary-general and Shiori Yamao as policy chief.[24] The party platform committed to protecting the existing pacifist Japanese constitution, and stating opposition to the "Abenomics" policies of Prime Minister Shinzō Abe.[25][26][27]

2016 House of Councillors election[edit]

Main article: 2016 Japanese House of Councillors election

The election on 10 July 2016 was the first major election contested by the new party. Following the merger, the party entered the election with 62 seats in the 242-seat House, with 45 of those 62 seats being contested. During the nomination period, the party signed an agreement with the Japanese Communist Party (JCP), Social Democratic Party and People's Life Party to field a jointly-endorsed candidate in each of the 32 districts in which only one seat is contested, uniting in an attempt to take control of the House from the ruling LDP–Komeito coalition.[28] Despite the agreement, Democratic Party leader Okada stated that forming a coalition government with the JCP would be "impossible" in the near future due to some of the "extreme leftist policies" promoted by the JCP.[29]

The party had a total of 55 official candidates contesting the election, the same number as the DPJ in the 2013 election and the third-most behind the LDP and Communist Party.[30] 33 candidates contested the single- and multi-member districts and 22 were in the party's list for the 48-seat national proportional representation block.[30] A further 15 independent candidates contesting single-seat districts were endorsed by the party. The party suffered a considerable defeat at the hands of the ruling coalition, losing 13 seats overall. Five of the 15 endorsed independents were also elected, including two that claimed seats formerly held by retiring Democratic Party members.[31] Following the loss, Okada announced he would not seek re-election as leader at the party's annual meeting in September.[32]

2017 Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly election and Renhō's resignation[edit]

The 2017 Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly election caused the party to lose 13 seats in the Assembly, which left them with only 5 seats.[33] This prompted both the secretary-general, Yoshihiko Noda, on 25 July 2017,[34] and the president of the party, Renhō, on 27 July 2017, to resign.[35] This is regarded as showing how public trust for the DP has declined.[33]

2017 leadership election[edit]

The election for a new leader to replace Renhō took place on 1 September, and campaigning began on 21 August. The two candidates were Seiji Maehara, who announced his intention to run on 2 August,[36] and Yukio Edano, who declared his candidacy on 1 August.[37] The election was won by Maehara.[38][39]

2017 House of Representatives election and aftermath[edit]

On 28 September 2017, Maehara announced that the party had abandoned plans to contest the 2017 general election scheduled for 22 October.[40][41] The DP caucus in the House of Representatives disbanded, with the party's existing representatives set to contest the election as candidates for the Party of Hope recently formed by Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike or as independents.[42] On 2 October 2017, DP deputy president Yukio Edano announced the formation of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP) for liberals and left-leaning members of the DP whom Koike had rejected for running as Party of Hope candidates.[43][44] On 23 October 2017, in the aftermath of the election, Maehara announced his resignation as party president, with the CDP having replaced the DP as the largest opposition party in the lower house, while the DP continues to exist in the House of Councillors.[45][46] On 31 October 2017, member of the House of Councillors Kohei Otsuka was chosen as the leader of the Democratic Party to succeed Maehara.[47]

Road to a new party[edit]

In January 2018, the DP and the Party of Hope agreed to form a joint parliamentary group in both houses of the Diet, with each party remaining organisationally separate, but being subject to a common whip.[48] However, several days later, the negotiations broke down.[49] On 9 April 2018, it was announced that exploratory talks to merge the DP and Party of Hope into a new opposition party were being held.[50]

On 24 April 2018, the leadership of the DP and the Party of Hope announced in a joint press conference that both parties had agreed to merge in May 2018 under the name National Democratic Party. Several factions in both parties did not plan to join the new party. The members of these factions are expected to form their own splinter parties or remain as independents.[51] The DP and Party of Hope merged to form the Democratic Party for the People on 7 May 2018.[52][53]

Policies[edit]

Democratic Party are generally classified as centre[54] to centre-left.[3][55] However, unlike the "social-liberal" Democratic Party in 1998, it is generally regarded as a simple "liberal" party because it was founded by absorbing centre-right conservative parties.[3][56]

The policies of the DP differed little from the policies of its predecessor, the DPJ, with policies such as increasing diversity, contributing to world peace, preserving democracy, and promoting prosperity.[24] They are considered to be open-minded in terms of North Korea, with one member of the party saying that doing nothing would not be responsible.[57][58] The DP, like its Democratic Party predecessor, is opposed to nuclear power.[59] The DP wants to raise the minimum wage of Japan.[24]

Presidents of the Democratic Party[edit]

No. Name
(Birth–death) 		Image Constituency / title Term of office Election results Prime Minister (term)
Took office Left office
Preceding parties: Democratic Party (1998) & Innovation Party (centre)
1 Katsuya Okada
(b. 1953) 		Rep for Mie 3rd 27 March 2016 15 September 2016 see former DPJ 2015 election Abe S. 2012–20
2 Renhō
(b. 1967) 		Cou for Tokyo 15 September 2016 1 September 2017 see 2016 election
3 Seiji Maehara
(b. 1962) 		Rep for Kyoto 2nd 1 September 2017 30 October 2017[60] see Sep 2017 election
4 Kohei Otsuka
(b. 1959) 		Cou for Aichi 31 October 2017[61] 7 May 2018 see Oct 2017 election
Successor parties: Constitutional Democratic Party (2017) (centre-left), Kibō no Tō (centre-right), & Democratic Party for the People (2018) (centre)

Factions[edit]

The Democratic Party, like its predecessor Democratic Party of Japan, was composed of factions originating in the Liberal Democratic Party, Japan Socialist Party and the Democratic Socialist Party, augmented by the merger with the Japan Innovation Party. Significant factions existing within the party included:

  • The Eda-Matsuno Group or the ex-Japan Innovation Party group (旧維新の党グループ Kyū Ishin no tō gurūpo) led by Kenji Eda and Yorihisa Matsuno, composed of the mostly Tokyo-centred group of the Japan Innovation Party that merged to form the Democratic Party in 2016 (the Osaka-centred group is now Nippon Ishin no Kai).
  • The Kan Group or the "National Structure Research Council" (国のかたち研究会 Koku-no-katachi kenkyūkai) of former Prime Minister Naoto Kan, a moderate centrist group.
  • The Akamatsu Group or "Sanctuary" (サンクチュアリ Sankuchuari) of Hirotaka Akamatsu, formerly of the JSP and a moderately social-democratic group.
  • The Genba Group or the "Grand Design Japan Research Council (『日本のグランド・デザイン』研究会 Nihon no gurando-dezain" kenkyūkai) of Kōichirō Genba, a liberal group.
  • The ex-DSP Group or Takagi Group, known as the "Democratic Socialist Association" (民社協会 Minsha kyōkai) of Yoshiaki Takaki and Hiroshi Nakai, representing the former Democratic Socialist Party tradition in the DP. Social-democratic, nationalist and revisionist.
  • The Ōhata Group or the "Elementary Exchange Group" (素交会 Sokōkai) of Akihiro Ōhata, a moderate progressive group.
  • The Yokomichi Group or the "New Political Discussion Group" (新政局懇談会 Shin-seikyoku kondankai) of former parliamentary speaker Takahiro Yokomichi. A social democratic group originating in the JSP and was one of the more left-wing factions of the party.
  • The Hosono Group or the "Oath Committee" (自誓会 Jiseikai) of Gōshi Hosono. A conservative group.
  • The Noda Group or "Kaisei Group" (花斉会 Kaseikai) of former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda. A moderately conservative group.
  • The Hiraoka-Kondō or "Liberal Committee" (リベラルの会 Riberaru-no-kai) of Shōichi Kondō and Hideo Hiraoka. A progressive liberal group.
  • The Nagashima Group or "National Axis Committee" (国軸の会 Kokujiku no kai) of Akihisa Nagashima. A conservative, nationalist and revisionist group.
  • The Hata Group or "Governance Research Council" (政権戦略研究会 Seiken senryaku kenkyūkai) of former Prime Minister Tsutomu Hata, a moderate centrist group.

Election results[edit]

General election results[edit]

Election Leader # of candidates # of seats won # of Constituency votes % of Constituency vote # of PR Block votes % of PR Block vote Government/opposition
2017 Seiji Maehara (de jure)
Katsuya Okada [a] (de facto) 		30 [a] [b]
14 / 465
 2,646,765 [a] 4.78% [a] no nomination no nomination Opposition
  1. ^ a b c d Under the banner of "Group of Independents"
  2. ^ Under the "Democratic Party" banner

In the 2017 general election of members of the House of Representatives, the Democratic Party did not nominate any candidates. Several of its remaining members were elected without party nomination. Most of these joined the formation of the "Group of Independents" (Mushozoku no kai) House of Representatives caucus led by Katsuya Okada in October 2017.[62] Some others such as Seiji Maehara have left the party after the election.[63]

According to the party, its membership includes 14 members of the House of Representatives as of November, 2017:[64]

Councillors election results[edit]

Election Leader # of seats total # of seats won # of National votes % of National vote # of National seats won # of Prefectural votes % of Prefectural vote # of Prefectural seats won
2016 Katsuya Okada
49 / 242
32 / 121
 11,751,015[65] 21.0%
11 / 48
[66] 		14,215,956[67] 25.1%
21 / 73
[66]

Prefectural election results (incomplete)[edit]

  • June 2016 Okinawa assembly election: Since the time of the national DPJ government, Democrats have been a minor force in the prefecture; the DP only nominated one candidate who was not elected.
  • July 2016 Kagoshima gubernatorial election: DP and SDP supported the candidacy of former journalist Satoshi Mitazono who defeated LDP-Kōmeitō-supported three-term incumbent Yūichirō Itō.
  • October 2016 Niigata gubernatorial election: Ryūichi Yoneyama (LDP→JRP→JIP→DP), previously head of the DP Niigata 5th district branch and former unsuccessful candidate for both Houses of the Diet, stood with leftist support (JCP, LP, SDP, NSP, Greens) and defeated LDP-Kōmeitō-supported Tamio Mori.
  • July 2017 Tokyo assembly election: After having already lost several members to governor Koike's Tomin First no Kai in the run-up to the election, it lost another two seats in the election down to five.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 日本に定着するか、政党のカラー [Will the colors of political parties settle in Japan?] (in Japanese). Nikkei, Inc. 21 October 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b 民進党のロゴマーク決定 青と赤で「Ｍ」表現 [The logo of the Democratic Party has been decided. It expresses the "M" by blue and red.]. The Asashi Shimbun Digital (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. May 19, 2020. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c Yano, Takeshi. 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)の解説 [The Nihon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica's explanation]. kotobank.jp (in Japanese). The Asahi Shimbun Company. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  4. ^ "Japan election: Stage set for Abe-Koike showdown". The Straits Times. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2020. A marriage of convenience could splinter the DP, which despite its left-leaning platform comprises a hodgepodge of liberals and conservatives. Some DP members have said it might be better to disband the party, whose toxic reputation stems from its disunity and botched rule from 2009 to 2012.
  5. ^ "Japan's Democratic Party doomed to opposition". East Asia Forum. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2020. The DP cannot make up its mind whether it is a second conservative party that offers moderate alternatives to LDP policies or a 'progressive' party that stands on the other side of an ideological divide.
  6. ^ "Main opposition chief Renho resigns Democratic Party leadership". The Japan Times. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2020. The upcoming presidential race, however, could further deepen division among conservative and liberal lawmakers in the party.
  7. ^
    • "Roadblocks to establishing a two-party political system in Japan". East Asia Forum. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2020. The establishment of Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike's Party of Hope — which scalped candidates from the centre-right factions of the DP — failed to challenge the LDP.
    • "Where is Japan's party system headed?". East Asia Forum. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2020. ... the disparate origins of these parties generated a persistent polarisation between the DPJ's conservative centre-right and progressive centre-left factions. Now these forces appear to have found their natural ideological homes.
  8. ^ 民進英語名、略称ＤＰに Archived 2016-03-25 at the Wayback Machine Yomiuri Shimbun
  9. ^ "New opposition party launched with merger of DPJ, smaller party- Nikkei Asian Review". Archived from the original on 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
  10. ^ "Japanese opposition split turns election into 3-way fight".
  11. ^ "Edano's new opposition party gathers momentum on Twitter".
  12. ^ "Koike's party unveils 1st list of 192 candidates for upcoming election". Japan Today. 4 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  13. ^ "New opposition party lacking in numbers after 2 parties merge：The Asahi Shimbun". www.asahi.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-07.
  14. ^ "2 parties merge again vowing to scrap key part of Japan's controversial security legislation - Xinhua | English.news.cn". Archived from the original on May 7, 2018.
  15. ^ a b "Introducing Minshin To, Japan's new main opposition force". The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  16. ^ "Summary of the Democratic Party".
  17. ^ "New main opposition party to be named 'Minshinto'". The Mainichi. Japan: The Mainichi Newspapers. 14 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  18. ^ Osaki, Tomohiro; Yoshida, Reiji (24 February 2016). "DPJ endorses merger with Ishin no To; new party to form next month". The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  19. ^ "DPJ, Japan Innovation Party to merge ahead of Upper House election". Asia & Japan Watch. Japan: The Asahi Shimbun Company. 24 February 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  20. ^ "DPJ, Ishin to merge March 27 at special convention". The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  21. ^ "DPJ, Ishin no To invite entries for new party name". The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  22. ^ Osaki, Tomohiro (18 March 2016). "Japan gets its own Democratic Party" – via Japan Times Online.
  23. ^ "The Democratic Party of Japan".
  24. ^ a b c Osaki, Tomohiro (27 March 2016). "Democratic Party launches with vow to halt ruling coalition" – via Japan Times Online.
  25. ^ "New largest opposition party formed between DPJ and JIP：The Asahi Shimbun". Archived from the original on 2016-04-16. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  26. ^ "Largest opposition party formed in Japan, eyes upper house poll — Xinhua — English.news.cn". Archived from the original on April 13, 2016.
  27. ^ Yoshida, Reiji (14 March 2016). "Introducing Minshin To, Japan's new main opposition force" – via Japan Times.
  28. ^ "Opposition parties, activists ink policy pact for Upper House election". Japan Times. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  29. ^ Osaki, Tomohiro (21 June 2016). "Abe to 'take responsibility' if ruling bloc fails to win 61 seats in Upper House election". Japan Times. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  30. ^ a b "第３極衰退で候補者減、タレント候補１０人に" [Fewer candidates with the demise of the third pole - 10 celebrity candidates]. Yomiuri Shimbun (in Japanese). 23 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  31. ^ "参院選2016(参議院選挙)" [House of Councillors election 2016]. Yomiuri Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  32. ^ "Democratic Party chief Okada won't seek re-election". Japan Times. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  33. ^ a b Yoshida, Reiji (5 July 2017). "Tokyo vote prompts crisis of confidence for Renho's Democratic Party". The Japan Times.
  34. ^ Osaki, Tomohiro (25 July 2017). "DP's No. 2 Noda steps down to take responsibility for Tokyo election drubbing". The Japan Times.
  35. ^ Yoshida, Reiji (27 July 2017). "Main opposition chief Renho resigns Democratic Party leadership". The Japan Times.
  36. ^ "Maehara and Edano set sights on Democratic Party leadership". The Japan Times. 2 August 2017. ISSN 0447-5763.
  37. ^ "Edano officially throws hat into DP leadership race". The Japan Times. 29 July 2017. ISSN 0447-5763.
  38. ^ Struggling DP elects Maehara as next president. The Japan Times. Author — Tomohiro Osaki. Published 1 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  39. ^ Ailing Japan opposition picks Maehara as new leader. Nikkei Asian Review. Author — Tsubasa Suruga. Published 1 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  40. ^ Harding, Robin (28 September 2017). "Become an FT subscriber to read | Financial Times". Financial Times.
  41. ^ "Japan's Koike wins over more key politicians".
  42. ^ "Democratic Party effectively disbands, throwing support behind Koike's party for Lower House poll". 28 September 2017.
  43. ^ "Former DP heavyweight Yukio Edano seeks to fill void with new liberal-minded party". 2 October 2017.
  44. ^ "Japan's largest opposition party splits".
  45. ^ "CDP looking for allies; Koike won't step down; Maehara to quit：The Asahi Shimbun". www.asahi.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-24.
  46. ^ "Shattered Democratic Party to remain, pick new leader：The Asahi Shimbun". www.asahi.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26.
  47. ^ "Democratic Party selects Otsuka as new party president：The Asahi Shimbun". Archived from the original on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
  48. ^ "Japanese opposition parties DP and Kibo no to agree to join forces". 15 January 2018.
  49. ^ "Alliance negotiations between two Japanese opposition parties break down". 17 January 2018.
  50. ^ "Japan's Democratic Party and Kibo no To launch merger talks". The Japan Times. 10 April 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-04-22. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
  51. ^ Jiji Press (25 April 2018). "DP, Kibo to merge into new party as early as May 7". Yomiuri Shimbun. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  52. ^ "Rock bottom in opinion polls, Japanese opposition parties Kibo no to and Democratic Party decide to merge". 7 May 2018.
  53. ^ "The Japan News". Archived from the original on 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2018-05-07.
  54. ^ Blair, Gavin (22 October 2017). "With a landslide win, Shinzo Abe could be ready to rewrite Japan's pacifist constitution". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  55. ^ "Japan's Democratic Party chooses a new leader". Public Radio International. 15 September 2016.
  56. ^ 民進党綱領 [The Democratic Party's platform]. minshin.jp (in Japanese). 27 March 2016. Archived from the original on 11 July 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  57. ^ "Japan's desire for ability to preemptively strike North Korea grows".
  58. ^ "Japan Mulls First-Strike Capability Against North Korea". 9 March 2017.
  59. ^ Harris, Tobias (22 April 2016). "Make Japan Democratic Again". Foreign Policy.
  60. ^ The Japan Times, October 30, 2017: Democratic Party leader Seiji Maehara resigns over merger disarray
  61. ^ Mainichi Shimbun, October 31, 2017: 新代表に大塚氏　幹事長や国対委員長は不在
  62. ^ Sankei News, October 26, 2017: 岡田克也元副総理ら１３人が新会派　民進系無所属、野田佳彦前首相も Archived 2017-10-28 at the Wayback Machine
  63. ^ nikkei.com, November 2, 2017: 前原・菊田・鷲尾３氏、民進党を離党
  64. ^ Democratic Party: Members of the National Diet, House of Representatives
  65. ^ Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: results of the 24th regular election of members of the House of Councillors, [national d'Hondt] proportional representation vote share by party (in Japanese)
  66. ^ a b Yomiuri Shimbun: Results of regular HC election 2016 (in Japanese)
  67. ^ Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: results of the 24th regular election of members of the House of Councillors, [prefectural SNTV/FPTP] electoral district vote share by party (in Japanese)

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Democratic Party.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Party_(Japan,_2016)&oldid=1198992205"