Dingwu (era)
| Dingwu | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 定武 | ||||||
| |||||||
Dingwu (1646–1664) was the era name of the Dingwu Emperor of the Southern Ming. It was used for a total of 18 years.[1]
This era name comes from Han zhu ji (韓主紀) in the Zui wei lu (罪惟錄) of Cha Jizuo (查繼佐),[2] and the beginning and ending years of Meng Sen's (孟森) research are from 1646 to 1663.[3] It was generally considered unreliable.[4][5][6][7]
Change of era
[edit]- 1646 (Longwu 2): The Prince of Han changed the era to Dingwu 1 (定武元年, "the first year of Dingwu").[2]
Comparison table
[edit]| Dingwu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | 1646 | 1647 | 1648 | 1649 | 1650 | 1651 | 1652 | 1653 | 1654 | 1655 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Bǐngxū 丙戌 |
Dīnghài 丁亥 |
Wùzǐ 戊子 |
Jǐchǒu 己丑 |
Gēngyín 庚寅 |
Xīnmǎo 辛卯 |
Rénchén 壬辰 |
Guǐsì 癸巳 |
Jiǎwǔ 甲午 |
Yǐwèi 乙未 |
| Dingwu | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||
| AD | 1656 | 1657 | 1658 | 1659 | 1660 | 1661 | 1662 | 1663 | ||
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Bǐngshēn 丙申 |
Dīngyǒu 丁酉 |
Wùxū 戊戌 |
Jǐhài 己亥 |
Gēngzǐ 庚子 |
Xīnchǒu 辛丑 |
Rényín 壬寅 |
Guǐmǎo 癸卯 |
Other regime eras that existed during the same period
[edit]- China
- Shunzhi (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor
- Kangxi (康熙, 1662–1722): Qing dynasty — era name of the Kangxi Emperor
- Dashun (大順, 1644–1646): Xi dynasty — era name of Zhang Xianzhong
- Longwu (隆武, 1645–1646): Southern Ming — era name of the Longwu Emperor
- Shaowu (紹武; Did not inaugurate): Southern Ming — era name of the Shaowu Emperor
- Yongli (永曆, 1647–1683): Southern Ming — era name of the Yongli Emperor
- Dongwu (東武, 1648): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai
- Jianguo Lu (監國魯, 1646–1653): Southern Ming — era name of Zhu Yihai, Prince of Lu
- Zhongxing (中興, 1647): Qing period — era name of the Jiang Erxun (蔣爾恂)
- Tianzheng (天正, 1648): Qing period — era name of Zhang Jintang (張近堂) in Dongming
- Tianshun (天順, 1661): Qing period — era name of Xiao Weitang (蕭惟堂)
- Vietnam
- Phúc Thái (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông
- Khánh Đức (慶德, 1649–1653): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Thịnh Đức (盛德, 1653–1658): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Vĩnh Thọ (永壽, 1658–1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Vạn Khánh (萬慶, 1662): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông
- Cảnh Trị (景治, 1663–1671): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Huyền Tông
- Thuận Đức (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ
- Japan
- Shōhō (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
- Keian (慶安, 1648–1652): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō
- Jōō (承応, 1652–1655): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō and Emperor Go-Sai
- Meireki (明暦, 1655–1658): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
- Manji (万治, 1658–1661): era name of Emperor Go-Sai
- Kanbun (寛文, 1661–1673): era name of Emperor Go-Sai and Emperor Reigen
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Li Chongzhi (李崇智). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考), p. 210
- ^ a b Cha Jizuo (查繼佐). – via Wikisource. 韓王本鉝，係太祖第十九子憲王松之後，世封平涼。崇禎十六年，李賊自成陷陝，王被執，間脫。適獻賊陷楚，其部將郝永忠者，梟悍，軍中望永忠搖旗，輒奮，遂以郝搖旗著名，敵遇之震。及獻賊死，搖旗內款，獨奉韓王為主。自閩事壞，韓便稱尊，改元定武，嘗移書桂主，敘長幼不稱臣。北抗，保鄖西亂山之中，駐房山，自為號令。時來亨駐興山、歸州等處，劉二虎據巫山等處，王壹與其弟行二者據施州衛，聲勢遙相倚。及孫可望歸款安龍，馳秦王令旨，招永忠。永忠答柬，稱侍生某，有曰：「老侄年來舉動，何以至是？」以其傲，多不恭于桂，𬨨為鳴鼓之詞也。可望不敢還讓。初，李闖下一隻虎李過及闖戚高必正等舉眾南逸，先款韓王，王不能有，乃就桂林兵部尚書堵胤錫稽首受命。壬寅，定武十六年，北師總督李國英以關中勁旅當房山，而鼓其全力困來亨，房山得完。癸卯，定武十七年，來亨被圍，棄七連，保譚家寨。永忠與二虎合力，從來亨北禦，大戰四晝夜，北恊湖廣之師大挫。已而巫山不能守，先敗。房山旋敗，韓主不終。
- ^ Meng Sen (孟森), Hou Ming Han zhu (後明韓主), Ming Qing shi lun zhu ji kan (明清史論著集刊), Zhonghua Book Company (中華書局), 1959
- ^ Gu Cheng (顧誠). History of Southern Ming (南明史)
- ^ 秦暉，《「後明韓主」烏有說》，《陝西師大學報(哲學社會科學版)》，1992年第1期。
- ^ 姚定九，《關於孟森「後明韓主」一文的商榷》，《首都師範大學學報(社會科學版)》，1980年第1期。
- ^ 方福仁，《後明韓主事質疑》，《江漢論壇)》，1980年第4期。
External links
[edit]- 《后明韩主续考》Archived 2010-07-07 at the Wayback Machine