Dionycha
| Dionycha | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Marpissa muscosa | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Clade: | Entelegynae |
| Clade: | Dionycha |
| Diversity[1] | |
| About 20 families | |
The Dionycha are a clade of spiders (Araneomorphae:Entelegynae), characterized by the possession of two tarsal claws with tufts of hairs (setae) beside them, which produce strong adhesion, enabling some species to climb glass.[2] The circumscription of the group has varied widely; a 2021 analysis resulted in about 20 families, including Salticidae (jumping spiders), Gnaphosidae (ground spiders), and Clubionidae.[3]
The Dionycha are considered to be a subgroup of the larger RTA clade.[2] Most species hunt their prey instead of building webs.
There are no cribellate members in the Dionycha.[4]
Today it is thought that the reduction of the third claw present in ancestral spiders evolved several times independently,[1] so this alone is not a criterion that defines the clade.
Families[edit]
In 2021, a group of several spider taxonomists published a major study of the phylogeny of Dionycha, using genetic and phenotypic data. It included the families listed below:[3]
- Dionycha
- Prodidomidae
- Dionycha A clade
- Dionycha B clade
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ a b Ramírez (2014).
- ^ a b Garrison, Nicole L.; Rodriguez, Juanita; Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hamilton, Christopher A.; Hedin, Marshal; Kocot, Kevin M.; Ledford, Joel M. & Bond, Jason E. (2015). "Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life". PeerJ. 3: e1852. doi:10.7717/peerj.1719. PMC 4768681. PMID 26925338.
- ^ a b Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Bougie, Tierney; Carboni, Martin; Hedin, Marshal; Ramírez, Martín J. (January 2022). "Combining genomic, phenotypic and Sanger sequencing data to elucidate the phylogeny of the two-clawed spiders (Dionycha)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 166: 107327. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107327. hdl:11336/148790. PMID 34666169. S2CID 239035463.
- ^ Griswold et al. 1999
References[edit]
- Bosselaers, J.; Jocqué, R. (2002). "Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae". Zoologica Scripta. 31 (3): 241–270. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00080.x. S2CID 83947168.
- Coddington, J. A.; Levi, H. W. (1991). "Systematics and evolution of spiders (Araneae)". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 22: 565–592. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025.
- Griswold, C.E.; Coddington, J.A.; Platnick, N.I.; Forster, R.R. (1999). "Towards a Phylogeny of Entelegyne Spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 27: 53–63. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-02-11. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
- Ramírez, M. (2014). The morphology and phylogeny of Dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. hdl:2246/6537. Retrieved 2015-10-31.