Draft:Husam Al-din Abu Al-hayja
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Husam Al-din Abu Al-hayja Al-hadhbani | |
|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | Al-Samin |
| Born | Erbil, Hadhbani Emirate |
| Died | 1197 Daquq, |
| Allegiance | Zengids Ayyubids Abbasids |
| Rank | sepahsalar |
| Unit | Al-Mihraniyya Al-Salahiya |
| Commands held | General commanding armies and divisions of armies. Governor of various cities and regions. |
| Battles/wars | |
Husam Al-din Abu Al-hayja, also known as Al-samin and Al-hadhbani, was a Kurdish general and aristocrat in service of the Ayyubid dynasty. He was the commander of Salahiya regiment of Saladin and prominent figure in the third crusade.[1][2]
Husam Al-din played an important role in Saladin's war against the crusades and conquest of Levant and upper Mesopotamia. He also aided Al-afdal on his power struggle against his relatives.
Early life[edit]
Husam Al-din Abu al-Haija was born in Erbil, a Kurd hailing from Hadhbani tribe. He was known as as Abu-Hayja "Man of war" or "Father of war" and Al-samin "fat, the obese" for his unusual fatness.[1][3] although the fat fat should be read as a sign of good health.[4]
Military career[edit]
Zengid and Ayyubid Service[edit]
Abu al-haija was the Supasalar of the Kurdish Mihraniyya corps, in the service of the Zengids and later the Ayyubids in 1171.[5] In 1174 he was given a fiefdom in upper Egypt by Saladin. In 1182 he was appointed as governor of Nisibis up until 1189.[2][6] he was the commander of Ayyubid garrison in Siege of Acre from August 1189-1191.[2] after the death of Saladin in 1193, Abu Al-Haija participated in internal Ayyubid power struggle. He first sided with Al-aziz Uthman, but defected to Al-Afdal's side in 10th September 1195. Al-Afdal rewarded him with the governorship of Jerusalem. However when Al-Aziz Uthman retook Jerusalem in 13 July 1196 and stripped Abu-l-Hayja’ al-Samin of the governorship of Jerusalem and appointed Shams al-Din Sungur al-Kabir. Abu-l-Hayja’ was sent to go into exile, abandoning the Ayyubids, he went to Iraq to seek service with the Abbasid Caliphate.[7]
Abbasid service[edit]
After his exile by Al-Aziz uthman in 1196, he went to Mosul and stayed there for 2 years. After that he went to the caliph of Baghdad and served as a military commander. The caliph sent him against the atabek of Azarbayjan Ozbek, who by that time was occupying Hamadan. Despite his monstrous obesity Abul-Hayja displayed much energy on this new ground and was able to capture Ozbek and his associates. The caliph was alarmed by his forceful methods and ordered him to return.[2]
Death[edit]
After his campaign against The eldiguzids, he died in Daquqa while on his way to return to his hometown Erbil.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977-06-30). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. State University of New York Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-4384-0727-2.
- ^ a b c d e Minorsky, V. (1953). Studies in Caucasian History: I. New Light on the Shaddadids of Ganja II. The Shaddadids of Ani III. Prehistory of Saladin. CUP Archive. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-0-521-05735-6.
- ^ Slyomovics, Susan (June 1998). The Object of Memory: Arab and Jew Narrate the Palestinian Village. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8122-1525-0.
- ^ Hopkins, Peter; Kong, Lily; Olson, Elizabeth (2012-09-13). Religion and Place: Landscape, Politics and Piety. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 63. ISBN 978-94-007-4684-8.
- ^ Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977-06-30). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. State University of New York Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4384-0727-2.
- ^ Baadj, Amar S. (2015-08-11). Saladin, the Almohads and the Banū Ghāniya: The Contest for North Africa (12th and 13th centuries). BRILL. p. 106. ISBN 978-90-04-29857-6.
- ^ Umair Mirza (2010-08-01). From Saladin To The Mongols The Ayyubids Of Damascus. p. 104.