Draft:Lentinus brumalis
| Lentinus brumalis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Polyporales |
| Family: | Polyporaceae |
| Genus: | Lentinus |
| Species: | L. brumalis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Lentinus brumalis (Pers.) Zmitr. 2010
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Lentinus brumalis | |
|---|---|
 | Pores on hymenium |
 | Cap is offset |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is inedible |
Lentinus brumalis is a species of fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It causes white rot on dead hardwood.[1]
Morphology[edit]
Macroscopic Characteristics[edit]
Lentinus brumalis has a round, broadly convex cap that has a diameter of 1.5-10 cm, and is depressed in the middle. The surface of the cap is dry, though rarely hairy. It ranges from yellow-brown to dark brown in colour. The margin of the cap is often inrolled, particularly in young specimens.[2][3]
There are 3 mm deep pores on the white to cream underside of the cap. They are spaced 1-3 pores per mm2. They have moderately wide, (0.5-)1-1.5 mm large and roundish to almost diamond-shaped pores, which run down the stem a little and are therefore slightly elongated. The spore print is white.[4]
The stalk is 2.5-5 cm long and 2-8 mm thick. It is ochre brown, occasionally with red tints and is generally lighter than the cap. The dry surface of the cap is either smooth or finely felted to slighty scaly. The flesh is white and its consistency is tender to elastic. It does not have a particular taste or odor, and is inedible.[5]
Microscopic characteristics[edit]
The spores are elliptic to cylindrical and measure 5–7 ×1.5–2.5 μm. Clamp connections are found throughout all tissue. The hyphal system is dimitic. [2]
Similar Species[edit]
A potential look-alike, Lentinus strictipes, can be distinguished from Lentinus brumalis as it does not fruit until April, as well as possessing smaller, and finer pores, that are rarely larger than 0.5 mm. A closer look-alike, Lentinus arcularius, differs from Lentinus brumalis in its larger pores, which are up to 2.5 mm wide, and easily recognizable even on young fruiting bodies.[6]
Ecology and Distribution[edit]
It is saprobic on dead hardwoods, in particular, birch. It is found across North America where it grows June through October. [7] It also grows in Northern Europe, where it fruits in late October, and March. [6]
Research[edit]
Cultures of Lentinus brumalis were brought onto the Salyut-5 orbital station, as well as the Salyut 6 orbital station and the earth satellite Cosmo 690, to research the effects of weightlessness, space orientation and light on the geotropism and formation of its fruiting bodies. [8] In the absence of gravity and light, the stipe grew strongly twisted into a spiral or ball, and caps did not from, though in the presence of light, there was little anatomical difference from control samples.[9] However, on Salyut-6, the samples in the dark, formed no fruiting bodies. [10][11]
Lentinus brumalis has also been studied for its potential ability to degrade dibutyl phthalate, or DBP. A study in 2007 reported that DBP was nearly eliminated from a culture medium of P. brumalis within 12 days, potentially through transesterification and de-esterification. [12]
References[edit]
- ^ Breitenbach, J.; Breitenbach, J. (1986). Heterobasidiomycetes (Gallertpilze), Aphyllophorales (Nichtblätterpilze), Gastromycetes (Bauchpilze). Pilze der Schweiz : Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzflora der Schweiz / hrsg. von J. Breitenbach und F. Kränzlin (in German). ISBN 978-3-85604-020-8.
- ^ a b "Polyporus brumalis (MushroomExpert.Com)". www.mushroomexpert.com. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
- ^ McKnight, Karl B.; Rohrer, Joseph R.; McKnight Ward, Kirsten; McKnight, Kent H. (2021). Peterson Filed Guide to Mushrooms (2nd ed.). Harper Collins. p. 276. ISBN 9780544236110.
- ^ Gerhardt, Ewald, ed. (2002). BLV-Handbuch Pilze: über 1000 beschriebene Pilzarten (in German). Munich: BLV. ISBN 978-3-405-14737-2.
- ^ Krieglsteiner, German J. (2000). Allgemeiner Teil. Ständerpilze: Gallert-, Rinden-, Stachel- und Porenpilze. Die Großpilze Baden-Württembergs (in German). ISBN 978-3-8001-3528-8.
- ^ a b Jahn, Hermann (1963). Mitteleuropäische Porlinge (Polyporaceae s. lato) und ihr Vorkommen in Westfalen (in German) (4 ed.). pp. 30–31.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Vaulina, E. N.; Palmbakh, L. R.; Antipov, V. V.; Anikeeva, I. D.; Kostina, L. N.; Zharikova, G. G.; Kasatkina, T. B. (1979). "Biological investigations on the orbital station "Salyut-5"". Life Sciences and Space Research. 17: 241–246. ISSN 0075-9422. PMID 12008713.
- ^ Kasatkina, T. B.; Zharikova, G. G.; Rubin, A. B.; Palmbakh, L. R.; Vaulina, E. N.; Mashinsky, A. L. (1980-01-01), Holmquist, R. (ed.), "DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER FUNGI UNDER WEIGHTLESSNESS", Life Sciences and Space Research, Pergamon, pp. 205–211, doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-024436-5.50028-7, ISBN 978-0-08-024436-5, retrieved 2024-02-25
- ^ Zharikova, G. G.; Rubin, A. B.; Nemchinov, A. V. (1977). "Effects of weightlessness, space orientation and light on geotropism and the formation of fruit bodies in higher fungi". Life Sciences and Space Research. 15: 291–294. ISSN 0075-9422. PMID 11962503.
- ^ Moore, David (January 1991). "Perception and response to gravity in higher fungi – a critical appraisal". New Phytologist. 117 (1): 3–23. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb00940.x. ISSN 0028-646X.
- ^ Lee, Soo-Min; Lee, Jae-Won; Koo, Bon-Wook; Kim, Myung-Kil; Choi, Don-Ha; Choi, In-Gyu (2007-08-15). "Dibutyl phthalate biodegradation by the white rot fungus, Polyporus brumalis". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 97 (6): 1516–1522. doi:10.1002/bit.21333. ISSN 0006-3592. PMID 17221890.