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Draft:Moors and Christians of Villena

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A Moor comparsa at La Entrada parade in Villena

The Moors and Christians festival in Villena (Spain), is celebrated from September 4 to 9 in honor of Nuestra Señora de las Virtudes, patron saint of the city and is recognized as a Festival of National Tourist Interest.[1]. It is a massive representation of several thousand people, with about 15,000 participants in the main parades, who dress as Moors, students, warriors, farmers, etc. over five days, being the most participatory Moors and Christians festivities in the world.[2] [3] [4] The festival itself is celebrated from September 5 to 9 and is structured through the participation of fourteen Comparsas or companies, seven of them belonging to the Moorish side and many others to the Christian side, each one made up of several hundred participants.

Parades such as La Entrada (The Entrance Parade) on September 5 or La Cabalgata Nocturna (the Great Night Parade) on September 6, can last for 7 or 8 hours, actively parading almost a third of the local population and bringing together up to 120 marching/music bands from various regions of the southeast of Spain.[2]

History

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Its origin dates back to 1474, when the Virgen de las Virtudes (Our Lady of the Virtues), was proclaimed Patroness of the town and protector against the Plague. Her image was placed in a Sanctuary built in 1490, 5 km from the city, to which the citizens vowed to go on a pilgrimage twice a year, once in March and the other on September 8.

The current Moors and Christians Festival is the result of the merger of three different festivals

First Embassy play in the Atalaya Castle.
  • The Patronal Feast or religious element that is represented by the processions, pilgrimages and masses mainly. In Villena it is the oldest festival, since it dates from the end of the 15th century.
  • The Military Festival or Alarde. It is the military element, whose origin is in the old Militia of the Kingdom, later called soldiery, which participated in the patronal festival since the 17th century. The most representative and spectacular act of the military element of the festivities is La Entrada (The Entrance Parade), which consists of a parade in which all the festeros participate, grouped in comparsas with magnificent costumes and to the rhythm of Moorish marches, Christian marches or pasodobles composed expressly for the festivities. In Villena, the military element was added to the patronal festival very early, at the beginning of the 17th century, and the soldiery (Soldadesca) already participated in the pilgrimages in 1638.
  • The historical element, which consists of the fight, harquebusry, embassies, loss and recovery of a castle that symbolizes the population, recalling historical events that occurred during the History of Spain. It is represented by embassies, guerrillas, shooting, landing, conversion of the Moor to Christianity or other similar acts. In Villena it would begin to become relevant in the first third of the 19th century.

At the beginning of the 19th century, "Las Embajadas" (the Embassies) plays were added, the texts of which were written between 1810 and 1815. It consists of a series of old plays carried out by performers who belong to one of these comparsas. In them an ambassador presents a parliament to the defenders of the castle of the city, the Atalaya Castle. As time progresses, the words become harsher, ending up revealing the intentions of taking the fortress. After a loud battle with arquebuses, the invading army takes the castle. The roles are reversed two days later. [5] [2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ BOE. «Concesión del título de Fiesta de Interés Turístico internacional a los Moros y Cristianos de Villena». Consultado el 2 de marzo de 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Domene Verdú, J. F. «Las Fiestas de Moros y Cristianos», 2015, Publicaciones Universidad de Alicante
  3. ^ Clarín (September 13, 2018) «Así se celebra la Fiesta de Moros y Cristianos en Villena». [This is how the Moors and Christians festival is celebrated in Villena] (in Spanish) Retrieved November 12, 2023
  4. ^ Die Welt (September 26, 2022) «Einmal im Jahr ist Villena im Rausch des Feierns». [Once a year Villena gets to festival] (in German) Retrieved November 12, 2023
  5. ^ Domene Verdú, J. F. (2021). Orígenes e historia de las Fiestas de Moros y Cristianos en el Mediterráneo. En Cáceres Valderrama, M. (Ed.), «La Fiesta de Moros y Cristianos en el mundo» (pp. 163-206).INSTITUTO RIVA-AGÜERO, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.

Category:Festivals in Spain Category:Cultural festivals in Spain Category:Villena

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