Draft:PERMAS
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 Gearing Calculation | |
| Original author(s) | INTES GmbH |
|---|---|
| Stable release | 19.01
/ July 2022 |
| Written in | Fortran, C |
| Operating system | Linux, Windows |
| Platform | Linux x86-64 Windows x86-64 |
| Available in | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PERMAS |
| Type | Finite element analysis |
| License | Commercial (EULA) |
| Website | INTES.de |
PERMAS is a general-purpose finite element analysis (FEA) software with roots back to the 1960s, as it will be discussed in the section 'History' of this entry. Since 1984, it was further developed by the company INTES GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany and is particularly suitable for linear and non-linear structural mechanics calculations, fluid-structure interaction in acoustics, for the analysis of electromagnetic fields and heat conduction including radiation exchange. In addition, there is a fully integrated optimization functionality for topology/sizing/shape (also in combination) and for a robust optimum (stochastic parameters). PERMAS does not include Navier-Stokes and Rigid-body (motion) analysis.
Since 2008, PERMAS consists of two major products:
- PERMAS: the finite element solver and
- VisPER (Visual PERMAS): a graphic model editor and postprocessor.
Description[edit]
The native input takes place via own data formats (which include macro-commands) for the model description and the control of the calculation process. These macro-commands, in combination with detailed online documentation and many worked examples, facilitate the use of the package for educational purposes to introduce engineering students in the implementation of the Finite Element Method in many case studies. Morever, PERMAS has numerous interfaces to pre- and post-processors like e.g. ANSA, HyperMesh, MEDINA, Simcenter(NX), as well as direct (input) interfaces to solvers like Abaqus or Nastran. Direct interfaces to multi-body simulation, as well as to fatigue assessment are also included. Although PERMAS does not have an inherent solver for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) (Navier-Stokes) analysis, boundary conditions of flow simulations e.g. with OpenFOAM may be taken into account. With the help of the IDEAS universal file format, a model updating with measurement models can be carried out. Especially for demanding and complex simulations a task graph based, general parallelization[1] is available. The Open Telecom Cloud provides a cloud computing service. PERMAS and VisPER use the open-source scripting language Python (programming language) for scripting and customization.
History[edit]
The history of the Finite Element Method has been the subject of investigation by many distinguished researchers worldwide. It is accepted that John Argyris, Roy Clough[2] and Olgierd Zienkiewicz are the pioneers, among many others workers of science and technology.
In 1959, Professor John Argyris was appointed a Professor (Chair) at the Institute of Statics and Dynamics of Aerospace Structures (ISD) in the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Under his lead, in early 1960s the ASKA software[3] was developed, and was initially commercialized by IKOSS GmbH[4]. Although it was far ahead of its time in many respects, ASKA was never seriously commercialized but remained largely in the research environment.
It was not until 1984 (after Prof. Argyris' retirement) that a group of scientists at ISD acquired the rights to ASKA from the University of Stuttgart to a spin-off company and began to further develop the program in an industrial environment under the name PERMAS.[5]. A leaflet by CRAY in 1988 regarding applications of FEA in automotive industry worldwide, mentions to both ASKA and PERMAS, while in a daily Workshop on international finite element software organized by the VDI in Essen, Germany in 1990, the initiator of this entry clearly remembers that both packages coexisted. In more detail, at the end of the 1980s, a new program generation was realized, which was subsequently marketed for the first time as PERMAS Version 5 in 1993[6]. This new development took into account the fast evolution on the hardware market (e.g. with vectorization and RISC architecture) and formed the basis for a general parallelization concept: PTM (Parallel Task (graph) Manager)[7]. Since then, an extensive functional expansion has taken place, also within the scope of research projects, e. g.: Optiamix[8], EC project LISA[9], EU projects PERMPAR, PARMAT, and ASRA-HPC[10]
In addition to its headquarters in Germany (Stuttgart), INTES has its own subsidiaries in France and Japan.
Release history[edit]
| PERMAS version | Release date |
|---|---|
| 5.0 | 1993 |
| 5.1 | 1994 |
| 5.2 | 1995 |
| 6 | 1996 |
| 6.1 | 1997 |
| 7 | 1999 |
| 8 | 2000 |
| 9 | 2002 |
| 10 | 2004 |
| 11 | 2006 |
| 12 | 2008 |
| 13 | 2010 |
| 14 | 2012 |
| 15 | 2014 |
| 16 | 2016 |
| 17 | 2018 |
| 18 | 2020 |
| 19 | 2022 |
One may observe that a new version of PERMAS is released every two years.
Application Fields[edit]
- Major applications: Stiffness, strength, contact, thermomechanical analysis[11], vibrations[12] (including random vibration and integrated active control[13]), acoustics[14], rotor dynamics[15], stability (e. g. brake squeal[16]), temperature and electromagnetic fields
- Industries: Automotive, aerospace, tooling machines, shipbuilding and construction, wind turbine
Architecture[edit]
- PERMAS is a modular software system based on a centralized software architecture.
- A hypermatrix storage scheme is used as basis for vectorization and parallelization allowing to adapt matrices to caches und thus for an efficient handling of large simulation models.
- Task Graph based parallelization scheme for hypermatrix operations with asynchronous I/O and in combination with (Nvidia) GPU.
- Specific algorithms e.g. for contact analysis, coupled fluid-structure interaction[17] and model testing.
- Integrated optimization methods[18], e.g. topology, shape, dimensioning and their combination, reliability analysis (robust design[19] and sampling(DOE).[20])
Distribution[edit]
- Germany: automotive, commercial vehicle- and supplier, mechanical engineering, wind energy
- France: aerospace[21] and shipbuilding[22].
- Italy/Suisse: automotive
- Japan: car- and supplier
- Korea: car
- South Africa: construction
- USA/Brasilia: car- and supplier
- India: car- and supplier
- Czech Republic: engineering services/ supplier
- China: trains, nuclear power
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Ast, M. et. al. (2000). "Sparse Matrix Structure for Dynamic Parallelisation Efficiency", In: Bode A., Ludwig T., Karl W., Wismüller R. (eds) Euro-Par 2000 Parallel Processing. Euro-Par 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1900. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
- ^ Clough, R. W. (2004). "Early history of the finite element method from the view point of a pioneer". Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 60 (1): 283–287. doi:10.1002/nme.962.
- ^ Argyris, John H. (1969). "ASKA — Automatic System for Kinematic Analysis". Nuclear Engineering and Design. 10 (4): 441–455. doi:10.1016/0029-5493(69)90080-6.
- ^ Goos, R. (1982). "The ASKA Finite Element System". (C.A. Brebbia, Ed.) Finite Element Systems: A Handbook. pp. 55–80. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-07229-5_5. ISBN 978-3-662-07231-8.
- ^ Heifrich, R. (1990). "Die Portierung des FEM-Softwaresystems Permas auf Verschiedenartige Rechenanlagen". GI - 20. Jahrestagung I. Informatik-Fachberichte. Vol. 257. pp. 585–599. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76118-8_46. ISBN 978-3-540-53212-5.
- ^ Schulz, U.: PERMAS Version 5 - A New Generation of Finite Element Software, Proc. of the 7th World Congress of Finite Element Methods, Monte-Carlo, Nov. 1993.
- ^ Ast, Markus; Jerez, T.; Labarta, Jesus; Manz, Hartmut; Pérez, Andres; Schulz, Uwe; Solé, Jaume (1997). "Runtime Parallelization of the Finite Element Code Permas". The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications and High Performance Computing. 11 (4): 328–335. doi:10.1177/109434209701100406. S2CID 206691137.
- ^ Optiamix.de.
- ^ Staat, Manfred; Heitzer, M. (1997). "Limit and Shakedown Analysis Using a General Purpose Finite Element Code, Proceedings of NAFEMS World Congress '97 on Design, Simulation & Optimisation: reliability & applicability of computational methods; Stuttgart, Germany, 9 - 11 April 1997" (Document). NAFEMS. doi:10.21269/1557.
- ^ Badia, Rosa M.; Labarta, Jesús; Sirvent, Raül; Pérez, Josep M.; Cela, José M.; Grima, Rogeli (2003). "Programming Grid Applications with GRID Superscalar". Journal of Grid Computing. 1 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1023/B:GRID.0000024072.93701.f3. S2CID 2716317.
- ^ Hosseini, Ehsan; Holdsworth, Stuart Richard; Flueeler, Urs (2018). "A temperature-dependent asymmetric constitutive model for cast irons under cyclic loading conditions". The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design. 53 (2): 106–114. doi:10.1177/0309324717749026. S2CID 139414159.
- ^ Helfrich, R.; Marchesini, J. (2014): "Dynamic substructuring with mixed boundary conditions to cope with complex structural assemblies", Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Spacecraft Structures, Materials & Environmental Testing, held 1-4 April, 2014 in Braunschweig, Germany. ESA-SP Vol. 727, ISBN: 978-92-9221-291-9. Edited by L. Ouwehand, 2014, id. 56
- ^ Berkemer, J. (Ed.): "Effektive Nutzung des Leistungspotentials von Direktantrieben [Projekt EffeNDi] - Impulsentkopplung, Beschleunigungsregelung, achsübergreifende Regelung und gekoppelte Simulation" Fortschr.-Ber. VDI Reihe 1 Nr. 391. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag 2006. ISBN 3-18-339101-5, ISSN 0178-949X
- ^ Beckert, Armin; Wendland, Holger (2001). "Multivariate interpolation for fluid-structure-interaction problems using radial basis functions". Aerospace Science and Technology. 5 (2): 125–134. Bibcode:2001AeST....5..125B. doi:10.1016/S1270-9638(00)01087-7.
- ^ Kirchgäßner, B. (2016). "Finite Elements in Rotordynamics". Procedia Engineering. 144: 736–750. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.05.079.
- ^ Gräbner, Nils (2016). Analyse und Verbesserung der Simulationsmethode des Bremsenquietschens (Thesis). doi:10.14279/depositonce-5577.
- ^ Besnier, F.; Fischer, R.; Kirchgäßner, B, (1999). "Coupled Fluid-Structure Analyses on Parallel Systems", Spacecraft structures, materials and mechanical testing, Proceedings of a European Conference held at Braunschweig, Germany, 4-6 November 1998. Paris: European Space Agency (ESA), ESA-SP, 428
- ^ THEMIOT, Cedric; LE GALLO, Vincent; CARRAT, Jean-Marc (2017). "Design optimization and test campaign of a 1/50th ARIANE 5 representative dynamic model subjected to blast waves". doi:10.13009/EUCASS2017-80.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Gollwitzer, S.; Kirchgäßner, B.; Fischer, R.; Rackwitz, R. (2006). "PERMAS-RA/STRUREL system of programs for probabilistic reliability analysis". Structural Safety. 28 (1–2): 108–129. doi:10.1016/j.strusafe.2005.03.008.
- ^ Carvajal, Sergio; Wallner, Daniel; Helfrich, Reinhard; Klein, Michael (2016). "Excellent Brake NVH Comfort by Simulation - Use of Optimization Methods to Reduce Squeal Noise". SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 1. doi:10.4271/2016-01-1779.
- ^ THEMIOT, Cedric; LE GALLO, Vincent; CARRAT, Jean-Marc (2017). "Design optimization and test campaign of a 1/50th ARIANE 5 representative dynamic model subjected to blast waves". doi:10.13009/EUCASS2017-80.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Schulz, U.; Ast, M.; Labarta, J.; Manz, H.; Perez, A.; Sole, J. (1996). Experiences and achievements with the parallelization of a large finite element system. In: Liddell, H., Colbrook, A., Hertzberger, B., Sloot, P. (eds) High-Performance Computing and Networking. HPCN-Europe 1996. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1067. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/3-540-61142-8_533.
Category:Finite element software Category:Finite element software for Linux Category:Computer-aided engineering software