Draft:Pinoresinol reductase
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| Pinoresinol reductase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 1.23.1.2 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 146359-76-4 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Pinoresinol reductase (EC 1.23.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of pinoresinol to lariciresinol, a critical reaction in the lignan biosynthesis pathway. Lignans are a class of phytoestrogens found in plant cell walls and have various biological activities, including antioxidant and anticancer properties.
Reaction
[edit]The enzyme catalyzes the following reaction:
- pinoresinol + NADPH + H⁺ ⇌ lariciresinol + NADP⁺[1].
Structure
[edit]Pinoresinol Reductase is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 35 kDa and consists of 312 amino acids. The crystal structure has been determined, revealing a Rossmann fold typical of SDR enzymes with a cofactor binding site.[2]
Function
[edit]Pinoresinol Reductase plays a crucial role in the lignan biosynthesis pathway, converting pinoresinol to lariciresinol, an intermediate step in the production of lignans. These compounds are important for plant defense and have potential health benefits for humans.[3]
Biological significance
[edit]Lignans produced through the action of Pinoresinol Reductase are known to have various biological activities, including:
- Antioxidant activity[3]
- Antimicrobial activity[1]
- Anticancer activity[3]
- Anti-inflammatory activity[2]
These properties make lignans an area of interest for nutritional and pharmacological research.
Occurrence
[edit]Pinoresinol Reductase is found in several plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Forsythia intermedia, and Linum usitatissimum. The enzyme's expression is regulated by environmental factors such as light, temperature, and hormones.[1]
Regulation
[edit]The expression of pinoresinol reductase is regulated by various factors, including light[1], temperature[3] pathogens[1] and hormones, such as salicylic acid and jasmonic acid[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Kim et al. (2005). Molecular cloning and functional expression of pinoresinol reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol., 46(12), 2005-2013.
- ^ a b Lee et al. (2010). Crystal structure of pinoresinol reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem., 285(22), 17147-17155.
- ^ a b c d e Hemm et al. (2001). The Arabidopsis ref2 mutant is defective in the gene encoding CYP83A1 and shows both phenylpropanoid and glucosinolate phenotypes. Plant Cell, 13(1), 179-194.