Draft:Suffrage Parades in Buffalo, New, York
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The American city of Buffalo, New York hosted two suffrage parades in its history: the first on June 14, 1913 and the second on June 6, 1914.[1] Buffalo was home to both pro- and anti- suffrage groups such as the Political Equality League of Buffalo and the Buffalo Association Opposed to Women Suffrage. Buffalonians were also part of national and state groups such as the New York State Women Suffrage Association, National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, the National Association for Colored Women, the Niagara Movement, and the Men's League for Woman Suffrage.[2]
Background
[edit]Before the 1913 Buffalo suffrage parade, New York state had already witnessed its first parade in 1908 in New York City.[2] Parades in New York City continued in 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913.[3][4][5][6] Three months before the Buffalo parade, women paraded in Washington D.C. advocating for women's suffrage.[7] Leading up to the Buffalo 1913 suffrage parade, more and more cities in New York State had held suffrage parades, including Watertown, Utica, Syracuse, Newburgh, and Albany. Rochester and Elmira had their parades after Buffalo.[1]
1913 parade
[edit]The 1913 parade began at the William McKinley monument and walked down Niagara St. Marchers then went on Franklin St., Church St, Main St., North St., and then Delaware St. returning to the McKinley monument.[8] Parade organizers obtained permission and help from Mayor Louis P. Fuhrmann to clear the streets for the parade. Nellie Shuler was a major organizer of the parade. Shuler was the executive secretary of the NAWSA. Anna (also mentioned as Ann and Anne) Rhodes of the Women's Progressive Organization with her experience in past parades advised the Buffalonians.[9][10][11] The parade marched in five divisions:[12]
First Division
[edit]- Escort
- Vehicles carrying pioneers
- Rosalie Jones, Martha Kratschken, Ida Craft, Aides H. Cummings, Maizie B. Glover, Mrs. Wend and Herbert Wend
- Bugle Player
Second Division
[edit]- Division marshals and sub marshals
- Suffrage League, ticket sellers
- Platoon of Suffragists
- Woman Suffrage club
- Housewives- led by Mrs. John W. Cameron
- Horsewomen
Third Division
[edit]- Division marshals and sub marshals
- College women- led by Mrs. Melvin R. Porter
- Women lawyers- led by Helen Z. M. Rogers
- Women physicians- led by Dr. Marie R. Wolcott
- Women artists- led by Clara E. Sackett
- Allied arts
- Social Workers
- Nurses
- Women teachers- led by Miss. Rieman
- Women wage-earners- led by Mrs. Frederick W. Kendall
- 20 girls carrying the American flag
- Erie County Division including delegations from Hamburg, Lackawanna, Collins, North Collins, Lawtons, and Holland[1]
Fourth Division
[edit]- Division marshals and sub marshals
- Symbols of enfranchised states
- Band
- Men's League for Women Suffrage
- Rochester delegation
- Geneva delegation
- Niagara Falls delegation
- La Salle delegation
- Fredonia delegation
- Warsaw delegation
- Perry delegation
- Lily Dale delegation
- Arcade delegation
- Cassadaga delegation
- Dunkirk delegation
- Alfred delegation
Fifth Division
[edit]- Division marshals and sub marshals
- Automobiles
- Vehicles besides automobiles
- Mounted police
The Buffalo Evening Times headline read that 250,000 people watched the parade and more than 1,000 Buffalonians participated. Marchers wore the suffrage colors white and yellow/gold. Marshals wore white straw hats with yellow flowers and everyone else white straw hats with yellow rosette ribbon. Participants wore sashes reading "votes for women." Signs also read "Hasn't your wife brains enough to vote!" "We want pure politics," "We want good factory laws," "More ballots less bullets," "we work --we know," "Women wage-earners," and "Lackawanna women vote on school questions, tax appropriations."[8]
Some of the marchers came from out of town. Rosalie Jones from New York City was known for marches from Manhattan to Albany and Manhattan to Washington D.C. Inez Milholland, who was best known for riding horseback in the D.C. march, scheduled to come with Jones, but had to cancel last minute. Washington State Senator Miles Poindexter and his wife Elizabeth Poindexter (nee Page) also joined. Washington State had granted women suffrage in 1883. Suffragist Ella S. Stewart came from Chicago. Women all over western New York joined the parade as shown in the fourth division. After the march a large meeting was held at Elmwood Music Hall [13][14][8][15][1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d The Buffalo News. June 14, 1913.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ a b Risk, Shannon M (2017). "'Give Her the Fruit of Her Hands'". In Lemak, Jennifer A.; Hopkins-Benton, Ashley (eds.). Votes for Women: Celebrating New York's Suffrage Centennial. Albany: SUNY Press.
- ^ "Women Suffrage: New York is the Battleground 1900-1920". Museum of the City of New York. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
- ^ "The Two 1912 New York Suffrage Parades". Suffragette City 100. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
- ^ "Suffrage Parade a Success; Greatest Demonstration". Library of Congress. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
- ^ ""Parades." Recognizing Women's Right to Vote in New York State". New York Heritage. Retrieved October 15, 2024.
- ^ "1913 Woman Suffrage Procession". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ a b c Buffalo Evening Times. June 14, 1913.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ The Buffalo Enquirer. June 12, 1913.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ The Buffalo News. May 10, 1913.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ 1900 Census
- ^ Buffalo Courier. June 14, 1913.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ ""General" Rosalie Jones and the Suffrage Hikes". New York Heritage. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ "Inez Milholland". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ "Timeline and Map of Woman Suffrage Legislation State by State 1838-1919". Mapping American Social Movements Project. University of Washington. Retrieved August 27, 2024.