Draft:Techno-Park
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A Techno-Park is a research and innovation center, a geographically distinct complex that brings together organizations, firms, and associations that cover the entire cycle of innovation activities, from generating new ideas to manufacturing and selling knowledge-intensive products.
History[edit]
Technoparks first appeared in the United States. After the Second World War, the number of students at Stanford University increased dramatically and there were problems with financing the institution. The university owned a large plot of land (about 32 km) but was not allowed to sell it. Given the restrictions, the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, Frederick Terman, suggested that the university management lease the land on a long-term basis for use as an office park. In this way, the university began to generate income, and companies could use leasing instruments. Only high-tech companies could act as tenants, which made it possible to provide jobs for university graduates and solve the problem of a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Terman's idea and its implementation on the territory of Stanford University became the beginning of Silicon Valley.[1]
The first European science parks began to appear in the 1970s and were created by analogy with US technology parks. They had one founder, and their main activity was to lease land to owners of knowledge-intensive firms. However, the pace of development of European technology parks was too slow. To remedy the situation, technology business incubators began to emerge in science parks - buildings to house start-up innovative companies. Incubators provided production facilities, and a range of services, as well as assistance in finding investors and establishing contact with a local university or research center.
In a sense, technology parks can be called academic campuses.
General description[edit]
Technoparks are created by large research centers in specially designated landscaped areas with first-class engineering, research and production, information, and social infrastructure.
A technology park is a research and innovation center, a geographically distinct complex that unites organizations, firms, and associations covering the entire cycle of innovation activities from the generation of new ideas to the production and sale of knowledge-intensive products. A technology park is usually based on the premises of leading universities and other research organizations and includes service and exhibition centers and firms. Venture capital firms and venture capital funds may be established within technology parks. Venture business is a new type of entrepreneurial activity that involves financing a risky enterprise that is working to introduce a certain innovation into production.
Venture capital usually supports the most dynamically developing industries, thereby ensuring the country's international competitiveness[2]. Such investments made it possible to develop such industries as personal computers and biotechnology. For example, in the United States at the beginning of the 21st century, the top 4% of fastest-growing firms, most of which are supported by venture capital, created 70% of all new jobs.
The scientific and technological environment is the forces that contribute to the creation of new technologies, which create new products and marketing opportunities.[3]
Notable technology parks[edit]
- Silicon Valley (USA)
- Electronic City (Silicon Valley of India)
- Sophia Antipolis (France)
- Stanford Research Park (USA)
References[edit]
- Association of University Research Parks
- UK Science Park Association
- International Association of Science Parks
- Uminova Science Park
- About Science and Technology Parks
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ Tajnai, Carolyn E. (May 1985). "FRED TERMAN, THE FATHER OF SILICON VALLEY". Net Valley. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
- ^ "IASP: Global Network of Science & Technology Parks & Innovation Districts".
- ^ "SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT". Science, Technology and Society. Pergamon. 1980. pp. 313–330. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-025947-5.50023-6. ISBN 978-0-08-025947-5.