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Paniai Lakes languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Paniai Lakes
Wissel Lakes
Geographic
distribution
Paniai Lakes and highlands of Papua, Western New Guinea
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
Language codes
Glottologpani1259

The Paniai Lakes languages, also known as the Wissel Lakes or Wissel Lakes – Kemandoga River, are a small family of closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the Paniai Lakes region of the highlands of Western New Guinea in the Paniai Lakes region of Papua. Foley (2003) considers their Trans–New Guinea status to be established.

Languages

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The languages are:[1]

They are most closely related to the Dani languages, Amung and Dem.[1]

Pronouns

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Independent pronouns and possessive prefixes are:

singular dual plural
1 *ani, *na- *ina *ini, *ni-
2 *aka, *ka- *ika *iki
3 *oka, *e-

Vocabulary comparison

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The following basic vocabulary words are from Larson & Larson (1972)[2] and Voorhoeve (1975),[3] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[4]

The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. homa, huma for “stone”) or not (e.g. bodiya, usa for “fire”).

gloss Ekari
(Paniai Lake dialect)
Ekari Moni
(Kemandoga dialect)
Moni Wolani
(Upper Mbijandoga dialect)
Wolani
head migo muŋagi moto
hair iyo mbagu elo
eye peka seŋgamu
nose juma jange juma
tooth egó ego baga baga hego hego
tongue etá dabe debegada
leg bado bado
louse uka uka amu amu uka uka
dog dodi home kawino
pig ekina wogo iŋgina
bird bedo bedo beka bega bido bido
egg nipo ŋgeda
blood emo emo eka ega emo emo
bone mitoo mitoo iwa iwa mitoo mitoo
skin kadó kado ada ada ebada ebada
breast ama ama ama
tree pija piya bo bo pija piya
man jame yame aka me me me
sun meuka; tani tani emondani emondani dame dame
moon agoo tinawi agoo
water uwo uwo du du uwo uwo
fire bodija bodiya usa usa bida bida
stone mogo mogo homa ŋeda huma huma
road, path itá kejako hindá
name eka eka eje eze ekada ekada
eat nai nai nuija nuya nona nona
one ena; kate ena; kato hako hago naa naa
two wijá wiya hija hiya wijá wiya

Evolution

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Paniai Lakes reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[5]

Ekari language:

  • ama ‘breast’ < *amu
  • benáî ‘arm’ < *mbena
  • modo ‘belly’ < *mundun
  • ama ‘breast’ < *amu
  • kado ‘skin’ < *k(a,o)(nd,t)apu
  • yame ‘louse’ < *niman
  • mei- ‘come’ < *me
  • wawa ‘father’ < *mbapa
  • mana ‘speech, talk’ < *mana ‘instructions’
  • tani ‘sun’ < *ketane

Moni language:

  • ama ‘breast’ < *amu
  • (duku)mudu ‘heart’ < *mundun ‘internal organs, belly’
  • ada ‘skin’ < *k(a,o)(nd,t)apu
  • pane ‘woman’ < *panV
  • timu ‘night’ < *k(i,u)tuma
  • homa ‘stone’ < *ka(mb,m)uCV
  • usa ‘tree’ < *inda
  • me- ‘come’ < *me-

References

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  1. ^ a b NewGuineaWorld
  2. ^ Larson, Gordon F. & Larson, M.O. 1972. The Ekagi-Wodani-Moni Language family of West Irian. Irian, 1(3), pp. 80–95.
  3. ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
  4. ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  5. ^ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.