Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy

Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy
Kennedy facilitating an anti-racism workshop at the University of Arizona in Fall 2008
Born	(1939-12-03) December 3, 1939 Brooklyn, New York, United States
Occupation(s)	Historian, academic

Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy (born December 3, 1939) was one of the founding feminists of the field of women's studies and is a lesbian historian whose book Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: A History of the Lesbian Community (co-authored with Madeline Davis) documents the lesbian community of Buffalo, New York, in the decades before Stonewall.

Early work

Extensive research and fieldwork of the Waunan people in the Chocó provence, Colombia led to her 1972 Ph.D. in social anthropology from Cambridge University. While at Cambridge, Kennedy produced three documentary films on the indigenous peoples of South America allowing her to later consult with both the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and ITV in Great Britain.

She began her teaching career as a Deganaweda Fellow in American Studies at SUNY Buffalo in 1969, where she remained on faculty until 1998. In 1971, she joined fellow anthropologist Charles Keil on the faculty of the American Studies Program there. This American Studies program differed from other American Studies programs of the time, because it did not draw primarily on literary and historical methodologies. At SUNY/Buffalo, American Studies, led by Yale philosopher, Larry Chisolm, emphasized then new insights from cultural anthropology; in addition, Chisolm encouraged faculty and students to look at American culture from the outside in and from the perspective of marginalized groups inside American society. In this highly stimulating intellectual environment, Kennedy began to adapt her intellectual training to current social issues and political movements.

Building the field of women's studies

In 1971, Kennedy helped found the Women's Studies College at SUNY Buffalo, one of the first Women's Studies institutions in the United States. Like many other American universities responding to the influence of student demands in the late nineteen sixties, SUNY/Buffalo developed a division to house – perhaps ghettoize – alternative educational enterprises. In 1971, within this framework, Kennedy participated in the founding of Women's Studies College (WSC). WSC defined itself as follows: "This college is not a place to make women a subject to be studied but a place to break down prejudice built by our socialization about what women are and what they are capable of doing." Within this division, the university allowed non-faculty to develop and offer courses. At this early stage in the growth of women's studies, when almost no university faculty had specialized knowledge focused on women, many of the initial courses of WSC – ranging from Auto Mechanics to something else – were offered by what were called "community" teachers, without university credentials but with hands-on knowledge of use to young women interested in alternative visions of women's possibilities in the future. Honored for her teaching skills, Kennedy developed many of the courses offered by WSC, including Women in Contemporary Society, New Research on Women, Cross-Cultural Study of Women, and the Family as an Institution.

In January 1998, Kennedy moved to Tucson, Arizona to become head of the Department of Women's Studies at the University of Arizona. During her tenure there, Kennedy initiated the Women's Plaza of Honor with the Women's Studies Advisory Council, a project to commemorate women's contributions to history, particularly in the southwest, as well as to support the Department of Women's Studies. Fundraising efforts from the Plaza made it possible for the department to create a Ph.D. program in the fall of 2008. Kennedy retired from the University of Arizona, but she remains Emeritus Faculty in the Department of Gender and Women's Studies.

After a conference to reflect on the evolution of the field of Women's Studies after 25 years, Kennedy co-edited a book with Agatha Beins published in 2005 as Women's Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics.

Lesbian history

Kennedy at "The Future of the Queer Past" conference in 2000

Kennedy worked on a thirteen-year community history project in Buffalo, New York with Madeline Davis. The project compiled the oral histories of lesbian women from the 1930s to the 1960s and culminated in 1993 with the publication of Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: A History of a Lesbian Community. The book was awarded the 1994 Jesse Barnard Award, the 1994 Ruth Benedict Award, and a 1993 Lambda Literary Award.

In the early works of US lesbian history, Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold stands out for its rigorous oral history methodology. In the process of researching and writing the book, the authors not only drew information and perspectives from veteran members of the Buffalo lesbian community, but returned over and over again to that community with their results, sharing various iterations of the manuscript, both to make sure that they were accurately representing those about whom they were writing; and to return the results of their researches to the community itself. As a result of this work, Kennedy went on to become an important figure among oral historians in the US and internationally and has remained a central figure in lesbian and LGBTQ history in general.

Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold focused primarily on working class lesbians and considered lesbianism as a community practice. In her subsequent research, Kennedy undertook a study that looked at the conditions and possibilities that shaped upper class lesbian life in the context of a single individual, Julia Boyer Reinstein, in New York and South Dakota. The most important theoretical contribution to emerge from this research to date has to do with Kennedy's bold evaluation of what Eve Sedgwick earlier called "the epistemology of the closet." In the context of Reinstein's life, Kennedy argued that class privilege and family acceptance allowed upper class lesbians of the interwar period to explore their own complex and shifting sexuality with considerable privacy and confidence. From this perspective, the practices of hiding lesbian relationships, later known as "the closet", no longer looked simply like a practice of oppression. This argument continued Kennedy's insistence on seeing the lesbian past in its own terms, not as an inferior alternative to the present.

Publications

• Feminist Scholarship: Kindling in the Groves of Academe. University of Illinois Press. 1985. ISBN 9780252009570.
• Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: A History of a Lesbian Community. Routledge. 1993. ISBN 9780415902939.
• with M. Davis (1996). "Constructing an Ethnohistory of the Buffalo Lesbian Community: Reflexivity, Dialogue, and Politics". In Lewin, Ellen; Leap, William (eds.). Out in the Field: Reflections of Lesbian and Gay Anthropologists. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252022197.
• Lewin, Ellen, ed. (1996). "'But We Could Never Talk about It': The Structures of Lesbian Discretion in South Dakota". Inventing Lesbian Cultures in America. Beacon Press. ISBN 9780807079423.
• Lewin, Ellen; Leap, William, eds. (2002). "'These Natives Can Speak for Themselves': The Development of Gay and Lesbian Community Studies in Anthropology". Out in Theory: The Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Anthropology. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252051012.
• Women's Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics. Rutgers University Press. 2005. ISBN 9780813536187.

External links

• University of Buffalo: ELK
• University of Arizona: ELK Faculty
• ELK Archives
• Boots of Leather on Queer Theory