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European Speed Skating Championships for Men

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The International Skating Union has organised the European Speed Skating Championships for Men since 1893. Unofficial championships were held in the years 1891–1892.

History

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Program

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  • In the years 1891–1892, three distances had to be skated: ⅓ mile (536 m) – 1 mile (1,609 m) – 3 miles (4,828 m).
  • In the years 1893–1895, three distances had to be skated: 500 m – 1500 m – 5000 m.
  • In the years 1896–1935, four distances had to be skated: 500 m – 1500 m – 5000 m – 10000 m (the big combination).
  • In the years 1936–1939 and 1947, four distances had to be skated: 500 m – 1500 m – 3000 m – 5000 m (the small combination).
  • In the years 1946, 1948–2017 and subsequent odd years, four distances are skated: 500 m – 1500 m – 5000 m – 10000 m (the big combination).
  • Starting in 2017, in odd years, a separate competition with four distances is held: 500 m – 1000 m – 500 m – 1000 m (the sprint combination).
  • Starting in 2018, in even years, a single distance championships with seven events will be held: 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 5000 m, team pursuit, mass start, and team sprint.[1]

Note that at the 1967 European Championships in Lahti, Finland, it was so cold that the officials decided that they did not want to expose the skaters to the extreme cold for a long time and so they replaced the 10000 m event with a 3000 m event, in effect using the small combination distances instead of the big combination ones.

Ranking systems used

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  • In the years 1891–1895, one could only win the European Championships by winning the majority of the distances, so there would be no European Champion if no skater won at least two of three distances. Silver and bronze medals were never awarded.
  • In the years 1896–1907, one could only win the European Championships by winning the majority of the distances, so there would be no European Champion if no skater won at least two of four distances. If there would be two skaters who won two distances each, the title would be awarded to one of them who had the better total time at four distances. Silver and bronze medals were never awarded.
  • In the years 1908–1925, ranking points were awarded (1 point for 1st place, 2 points for 2nd place, and so on); the final ranking was then decided by ordering the skaters by lowest point totals. The rule that a skater winning at least three distances was automatically European Champion was in effect, though, so the ranking could be affected by that. Silver and bronze medals were awarded now as well.
  • In the years 1926–1927, the ranking points on each distance were percentage points, calculated from a skater's time and the current European record time. Apart from that, the system used was the same as in the immediately preceding years.
  • Since 1928, the samalog system has been in use. However, the rule that a skater winning at least three distances was automatically European Champion remained in effect until (and including) 1986.

Medal winners

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Numbers in brackets denotes number of victories in corresponding disciplines. Boldface denotes record number of victories.

Unofficial Allround championships

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
1891 Hamburg None declared None declared None declared
1892 Vienna Austria Franz Schilling None declared None declared
1946 Trondheim Sweden Göthe Hedlund Norway Aage Johansen Soviet Union Nikolay Petrov

Official Allround championships

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Note that from 1936 to 1948, non-European skaters were allowed to participate if they were members of European skating clubs.

Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
1893 Berlin Sweden Rudolf Ericson None declared None declared
1894 Hamar None declared None declared None declared
1895 Budapest Norway Alfred Næss None declared None declared
1896 Hamburg Germany Julius Seyler None declared None declared
1897 Amsterdam Germany Julius Seyler (2) None declared None declared
1898 Helsingfors (Helsinki) Russia Gustaf Estlander[a] None declared None declared
1899 Davos Norway Peder Østlund None declared None declared
1900 Štrbské Pleso Norway Peder Østlund (2) None declared None declared
1901 Trondhjem (Trondheim) Norway Rudolf Gundersen None declared None declared
1902 Davos Norway Johan Schwartz None declared None declared
1903 Kristiania (Oslo) None declared None declared None declared
1904 Davos Norway Rudolf Gundersen None declared None declared
1905 Stockholm Russia Johan Vikander[b] None declared None declared
1906 Davos Norway Rudolf Gundersen (3) None declared None declared
1907 Davos Sweden Moje Öholm None declared None declared
1908 Klagenfurt Sweden Moje Öholm (2) Norway Oscar Mathisen Austria Thomas Bohrer
1909 Budapest Norway Oscar Mathisen Austria Thomas Bohrer Sweden Moje Öholm
1910 Viipuri Russia Nikolay Strunnikov Norway Magnus Johansen Norway Oscar Mathisen
1911 Hamar Russia Nikolay Strunnikov (2) Austria Thomas Bohrer Sweden Otto Andersson
1912 Stockholm Norway Oscar Mathisen Russia Gunnar Strömstén[c] Norway Martin Sæterhaug
1913 St. Petersburg Russia Vasily Ippolitov Norway Oscar Mathisen Russia Nikita Naidenov
1914 Berlin Norway Oscar Mathisen (3) Russia Vasily Ippolitov Norway Bjarne Frang
1915 Not held due to World War I
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922 Helsingfors (Helsinki) Finland Clas Thunberg Norway Ole Olsen Finland Asser Wallenius
1923 Hamar Norway Harald Strøm Finland Clas Thunberg Norway Roald Larsen
1924 Kristiania (Oslo) Norway Roald Larsen Finland Clas Thunberg Norway Oskar Olsen
1925 St. Moritz Austria Otto Polacsek Norway Roald Larsen Norway Oskar Olsen
1926 Chamonix Finland Julius Skutnabb Austria Otto Polacsek Finland Uuno Pietilä
1927 Stockholm Norway Bernt Evensen Finland Clas Thunberg Norway Ivar Ballangrud
1928 Oslo Finland Clas Thunberg Norway Bernt Evensen Norway Roald Larsen
1929 Davos Norway Ivar Ballangrud Finland Clas Thunberg Norway Roald Larsen
1930 Nidaros (Trondheim) Norway Ivar Ballangrud Norway Michael Staksrud Norway Thorstein Stenbek
1931 Stockholm Finland Clas Thunberg Finland Ossi Blomqvist Netherlands Dolf van der Scheer
1932 Davos Finland Clas Thunberg (4) Finland Ossi Blomqvist Austria Rudolf Riedl
1933 Viipuri Norway Ivar Ballangrud Finland Birger Wasenius Finland Kalle Paananen
1934 Hamar Norway Michael Staksrud Austria Max Stiepl Austria Karl Wazulek
1935 Helsinki Austria Karl Wazulek Norway Bernt Evensen Finland Birger Wasenius
1936 Oslo Norway Ivar Ballangrud (4) Norway Charles Mathiesen Norway Harry Haraldsen
1937 Davos Norway Michael Staksrud (2) Norway Hans Engnestangen Finland Birger Wasenius
1938 Oslo Norway Charles Mathiesen Norway Harry Haraldsen Norway Ivar Ballangrud
1939 Riga Latvia Alfons Bērziņš Norway Charles Mathiesen Norway Aage Johansen
1940 Not held due to World War II
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947 Stockholm Sweden Åke Seyffarth Sweden Göthe Hedlund Norway Sverre Farstad
1948 Hamar Norway Reidar Liaklev Sweden Göthe Hedlund Norway Odd Lundberg
1949 Davos Norway Sverre Farstad Norway Hjalmar Andersen Hungary Kornél Pajor
1950 Helsinki Norway Hjalmar Andersen Norway Reidar Liaklev Norway Sverre Haugli
1951 Oslo Norway Hjalmar Andersen Netherlands Wim van der Voort Norway Henry Wahl
1952 Östersund Norway Hjalmar Andersen (3) Netherlands Kees Broekman Sweden Kornél Pajor[d]
1953 Hamar Netherlands Kees Broekman Netherlands Wim van der Voort Norway Ivar Martinsen
1954 Davos Soviet Union Boris Shilkov Norway Hjalmar Andersen Sweden Sigvard Ericsson
1955 Falun Sweden Sigvard Ericsson Soviet Union Oleg Goncharenko Soviet Union Dmitry Sakunenko
1956 Helsinki Soviet Union Yevgeny Grishin Norway Knut Johannesen Sweden Sigvard Ericsson
1957 Oslo Soviet Union Oleg Goncharenko Norway Knut Johannesen Norway Roald Aas
1958 Eskilstuna Soviet Union Oleg Goncharenko (2) Soviet Union Vladimir Shilykovsky Norway Knut Johannesen
1959 Gothenburg Norway Knut Johannesen Finland Juhani Järvinen Finland Toivo Salonen
1960 Oslo Norway Knut Johannesen (2) Soviet Union Boris Stenin Norway Roald Aas
1961 Helsinki Soviet Union Viktor Kosichkin Netherlands Henk van der Grift France André Kouprianoff
1962 Oslo Soviet Union Robert Merkulov France André Kouprianoff Soviet Union Boris Stenin
1963 Gothenburg Norway Nils Aaness Norway Knut Johannesen Norway Per Ivar Moe
1964 Oslo Soviet Union Ants Antson Soviet Union Yuri Yumashev Norway Per Ivar Moe
1965 Gothenburg Soviet Union Eduard Matusevich Norway Per Ivar Moe Soviet Union Viktor Kosichkin
1966 Deventer Netherlands Ard Schenk Netherlands Kees Verkerk Soviet Union Valeri Kaplan
1967 Lahti Netherlands Kees Verkerk Soviet Union Valeri Kaplan Soviet Union Eduard Matusevich
1968 Oslo Norway Fred Anton Maier Soviet Union Eduard Matusevich Norway Magne Thomassen
1969 Inzell Norway Dag Fornæss Netherlands Kees Verkerk Sweden Göran Claeson
1970 Innsbruck Netherlands Ard Schenk Norway Dag Fornæss Sweden Göran Claeson
1971 Heerenveen Norway Dag Fornæss (2) Netherlands Ard Schenk Netherlands Kees Verkerk
1972 Davos Netherlands Ard Schenk (3) Norway Roar Grønvold Netherlands Jan Bols
1973 Grenoble Sweden Göran Claeson Netherlands Hans van Helden Netherlands Harm Kuipers
1974 Eskilstuna Sweden Göran Claeson (2) Norway Amund Sjøbrend Netherlands Hans van Helden
1975 Heerenveen Norway Sten Stensen Netherlands Harm Kuipers Netherlands Piet Kleine
1976 Oslo Norway Kay Arne Stenshjemmet Norway Sten Stensen Norway Jan Egil Storholt
1977 Larvik Norway Jan Egil Storholt Norway Kay Arne Stenshjemmet Norway Amund Sjøbrend
1978 Oslo Soviet Union Sergey Marchuk Norway Sten Stensen Norway Jan Egil Storholt
1979 Deventer Norway Jan Egil Storholt (2) Norway Kay Arne Stenshjemmet Soviet Union Sergey Marchuk
1980 Trondheim Norway Kay Arne Stenshjemmet (2) Norway Jan Egil Storholt Norway Tom Erik Oxholm
1981 Deventer Norway Amund Sjøbrend Netherlands Hilbert van der Duim Norway Kay Arne Stenshjemmet
1982 Oslo Sweden Tomas Gustafson Norway Rolf Falk-Larssen Netherlands Hilbert van der Duim
1983 The Hague Netherlands Hilbert van der Duim Netherlands Yep Kramer Norway Bjørn Nyland
1984 Larvik Netherlands Hilbert van der Duim (2) Norway Rolf Falk-Larssen Netherlands Frits Schalij
1985 Eskilstuna Netherlands Hein Vergeer Netherlands Frits Schalij Soviet Union Oleg Bozhev
1986 Oslo Netherlands Hein Vergeer (2) Soviet Union Aleksandr Mozin Sweden Tomas Gustafson
1987 Trondheim Soviet Union Nikolay Gulyayev Austria Michael Hadschieff Netherlands Hein Vergeer
1988 The Hague Sweden Tomas Gustafson (2) Netherlands Leo Visser Netherlands Gerard Kemkers
1989 Gothenburg Netherlands Leo Visser Netherlands Gerard Kemkers Norway Geir Karlstad
1990 Heerenveen Netherlands Bart Veldkamp Sweden Tomas Gustafson Netherlands Leo Visser
1991 Sarajevo Norway Johann Olav Koss Netherlands Leo Visser Netherlands Bart Veldkamp
1992 Heerenveen Netherlands Falko Zandstra Norway Johann Olav Koss Netherlands Rintje Ritsma
1993 Heerenveen Netherlands Falko Zandstra (2) Norway Johann Olav Koss Netherlands Rintje Ritsma
1994 Hamar Netherlands Rintje Ritsma Norway Johann Olav Koss Netherlands Falko Zandstra
1995 Heerenveen Netherlands Rintje Ritsma Netherlands Falko Zandstra Italy Roberto Sighel
1996 Heerenveen Netherlands Rintje Ritsma Netherlands Ids Postma Netherlands Martin Hersman
1997 Heerenveen Netherlands Ids Postma Netherlands Rintje Ritsma Netherlands Falko Zandstra
1998 Helsinki Netherlands Rintje Ritsma Italy Roberto Sighel Russia Vadim Sayutin
1999 Heerenveen Netherlands Rintje Ritsma Italy Roberto Sighel Russia Dmitry Shepel
2000 Hamar Netherlands Rintje Ritsma (6) Norway Eskil Ervik Netherlands Ids Postma
2001 Baselga di Pinè Russia Dmitry Shepel Belgium Bart Veldkamp[e] Netherlands Ids Postma
2002 Erfurt Netherlands Jochem Uytdehaage Netherlands Carl Verheijen Russia Dmitry Shepel
2003 Heerenveen Netherlands Gianni Romme Netherlands Rintje Ritsma Netherlands Mark Tuitert
2004 Heerenveen Netherlands Mark Tuitert Netherlands Carl Verheijen Netherlands Jochem Uytdehaage
2005 Heerenveen Netherlands Jochem Uytdehaage (2) Netherlands Sven Kramer Netherlands Carl Verheijen
2006 Hamar Italy Enrico Fabris Norway Eskil Ervik Norway Håvard Bøkko
2007 Collalbo Netherlands Sven Kramer Italy Enrico Fabris Netherlands Carl Verheijen
2008 Kolomna Netherlands Sven Kramer Norway Håvard Bøkko Italy Enrico Fabris
2009 Heerenveen Netherlands Sven Kramer Norway Håvard Bøkko Netherlands Wouter olde Heuvel
2010 Hamar Netherlands Sven Kramer Italy Enrico Fabris Russia Ivan Skobrev
2011 Collalbo Russia Ivan Skobrev Netherlands Jan Blokhuijsen Netherlands Koen Verweij
2012 Budapest Netherlands Sven Kramer Netherlands Jan Blokhuijsen Norway Håvard Bøkko
2013 Heerenveen Netherlands Sven Kramer Netherlands Jan Blokhuijsen Norway Håvard Bøkko
2014 Hamar Netherlands Jan Blokhuijsen Netherlands Koen Verweij Norway Håvard Bøkko
2015 Chelyabinsk Netherlands Sven Kramer Netherlands Koen Verweij Russia Denis Yuskov
2016 Minsk Netherlands Sven Kramer Belgium Bart Swings Netherlands Jan Blokhuijsen
2017 Heerenveen Netherlands Sven Kramer Netherlands Jan Blokhuijsen Belgium Bart Swings
2019 Collalbo Netherlands Sven Kramer (10) Netherlands Patrick Roest Norway Sverre Lunde Pedersen
2021 Heerenveen Netherlands Patrick Roest Netherlands Marcel Bosker Norway Sverre Lunde Pedersen
2023 Hamar Netherlands Patrick Roest (2) Norway Sander Eitrem Belgium Bart Swings

Sprint championships

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
2017 Heerenveen Netherlands Kai Verbij Netherlands Kjeld Nuis Germany Nico Ihle
2019 Collalbo Netherlands Kai Verbij (2) Norway Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen Norway Henrik Fagerli Rukke
2021 Heerenveen Netherlands Thomas Krol Netherlands Hein Otterspeer Germany Joel Dufter
2023 Hamar Netherlands Merijn Scheperkamp Netherlands Hein Otterspeer Estonia Marten Liiv

500 metres

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
2018 Kolomna Netherlands Ronald Mulder Finland Mika Poutala Russia Pavel Kulizhnikov
2020 Heerenveen Russia Pavel Kulizhnikov Netherlands Dai Dai N'tab Russia Ruslan Murashov
2022 Heerenveen Poland Piotr Michalski Netherlands Merijn Scheperkamp Netherlands Dai Dai N'tab
2024 Heerenveen Netherlands Jenning de Boo Estonia Marten Liiv Poland Marek Kania

1000 metres

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
2018 Kolomna Russia Pavel Kulizhnikov Russia Denis Yuskov Germany Nico Ihle
2020 Heerenveen Russia Pavel Kulizhnikov (2) Netherlands Thomas Krol Netherlands Kai Verbij
2022 Heerenveen Netherlands Thomas Krol Netherlands Kjeld Nuis Netherlands Kai Verbij
2024 Heerenveen Netherlands Kjeld Nuis Netherlands Jenning de Boo Netherlands Tim Prins

1500 metres

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
2018 Kolomna Russia Denis Yuskov Netherlands Thomas Krol Netherlands Koen Verweij
2020 Heerenveen Netherlands Thomas Krol Russia Denis Yuskov Netherlands Patrick Roest
2022 Heerenveen Netherlands Kjeld Nuis Netherlands Thomas Krol Norway Allan Dahl Johansson
2024 Heerenveen Norway Peder Kongshaug Netherlands Kjeld Nuis Netherlands Patrick Roest

5000 metres

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
2018 Kolomna Italy Nicola Tumolero Russia Aleksandr Rumyantsev Netherlands Marcel Bosker
2020 Heerenveen Netherlands Patrick Roest Netherlands Sven Kramer Russia Denis Yuskov
2022 Heerenveen Netherlands Patrick Roest Netherlands Jorrit Bergsma Norway Hallgeir Engebråten
2024 Heerenveen Netherlands Patrick Roest (3) Italy Davide Ghiotto Norway Sander Eitrem

Mass start

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
2018 Kolomna Netherlands Jan Blokhuijsen Italy Andrea Giovannini Russia Ruslan Zakharov
2020 Heerenveen Belgium Bart Swings Netherlands Arjan Stroetinga Russia Danila Semerikov
2022 Heerenveen Belgium Bart Swings Switzerland Livio Wenger Russia Ruslan Zakharov
2024 Heerenveen Belgium Bart Swings (3) Austria Gabriel Odor Norway Allan Dahl Johansson

Team pursuit

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
2018 Kolomna  Netherlands
Jan Blokhuijsen
Marcel Bosker
Simon Schouten
 Russia
Sergey Gryaztsov
Aleksandr Rumyantsev
Danila Semerikov
 Poland
Zbigniew Bródka
Jan Szymański
Adrian Wielgat
2020 Heerenveen  Netherlands
Marcel Bosker
Sven Kramer
Patrick Roest
 Russia
Aleksandr Rumyantsev
Danila Semerikov
Denis Yuskov
 Norway
Håvard Bøkko
Hallgeir Engebråten
Sverre Lunde Pedersen
2022 Heerenveen  Netherlands
Marcel Bosker (3)
Sven Kramer (2)
Patrick Roest (2)
 Norway
Hallgeir Engebråten
Allan Dahl Johansson
Sverre Lunde Pedersen
 Italy
Davide Ghiotto
Andrea Giovannini
Michele Malfatti
2024 Heerenveen  Norway
Sander Eitrem
Peder Kongshaug
Sverre Lunde Pedersen
 Italy
Davide Ghiotto
Andrea Giovannini
Michele Malfatti
 Netherlands
Marcel Bosker
Bart Hoolwerf
Chris Huizinga

Team sprint

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Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
2018 Kolomna  Russia
Ruslan Murashov
Pavel Kulizhnikov
Denis Yuskov
 Finland
Harri Levo
Pekka Koskela
Mika Poutala
 Poland
Artur Nogal
Piotr Michalski
Sebastian Kłosiński
2020 Heerenveen  Russia
Ruslan Murashov (2)
Viktor Mushtakov
Pavel Kulizhnikov (2)
 Norway
Bjørn Magnussen
Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen
Odin By Farstad
 Switzerland
Oliver Grob
Christian Oberbichler
Livio Wenger
2022 Heerenveen  Netherlands
Merijn Scheperkamp
Kai Verbij
Tijmen Snel
 Norway
Bjørn Magnussen
Henrik Fagerli Rukke
Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen
 Poland
Marek Kania
Damian Żurek
Piotr Michalski
2024 Heerenveen  Poland
Marek Kania
Piotr Michalski
Damian Żurek
 Norway
Pål Myhren Kristensen
Bjørn Magnussen
Håvard Holmefjord Lorentzen
 Netherlands
Stefan Westenbroek
Jenning de Boo
Wesly Dijs

All-time medal count

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Allround and Sprint Championships (1891–2023)

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Netherlands413326100
2 Norway383938115
3 Soviet Union107825
4 Sweden103821
5 Finland79622
6 Russia51612
7 Austria35311
8 Germany2024
9 Italy1427
10 Latvia1001
11 Belgium0224
12 France0112
13 Estonia0011
 Hungary0011
Totals (14 entries)118104104326

Unofficial European Championships of 1891, 1892 and 1946 (not recognized by the ISU) included

Single Distance Championships (2018–2024)

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Netherlands14111035
2 Russia65617
3 Belgium3003
4 Norway24511
5 Poland2046
6 Italy1315
7 Finland0202
8 Switzerland0112
9 Austria0101
 Estonia0101
11 Germany0011
Totals (11 entries)28282884

Combined all-time medal count (1891–2024)

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RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Netherlands554436135
2 Norway404343126
3 Russia1161229
4 Soviet Union107825
5 Sweden103821
6 Finland711624
7 Austria36312
8 Belgium3227
9 Italy27312
10 Poland2046
11 Germany2035
12 Latvia1001
13 Estonia0112
 France0112
 Switzerland0112
16 Hungary0011
Totals (16 entries)146132132410

Unofficial European Championships of 1891, 1892 and 1946 (not recognized by the ISU) included

Multiple medalists

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Boldface denotes active skaters and highest medal count among all skaters (including these who not included in these tables) per type.

Allround and Sprint Championships

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Rank Skater Country From To Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Sven Kramer  Netherlands 2005 2019 10 1 11
2 Rintje Ritsma  Netherlands 1992 2003 6 2 2 10
3 Clas Thunberg  Finland 1922 1932 4 4 8
4 Ivar Ballangrud  Norway 1927 1938 4 2 6
5 Oscar Mathisen  Norway 1908 1914 3 2 1 6
6 Hjalmar Andersen  Norway 1949 1954 3 2 5
7 Ard Schenk  Netherlands 1966 1972 3 1 4
8 Rudolf Gundersen  Norway 1901 1906 3 3
9 Knut Johannesen  Norway 1956 1963 2 3 1 6
10 Kay Arne Stenshjemmet  Norway 1976 1981 2 2 1 5

All events

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Rank Skater Country From To Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 Sven Kramer  Netherlands 2005 2022 12 2 14
2 Patrick Roest  Netherlands 2019 2024 7 1 2 10
3 Rintje Ritsma  Netherlands 1992 2003 6 2 2 10
4 Pavel Kulizhnikov  Russia 2018 2020 5 1 6
5 Clas Thunberg  Finland 1922 1932 4 4 8
6 Ivar Ballangrud  Norway 1927 1938 4 2 6
7 Jan Blokhuijsen  Netherlands 2011 2018 3 4 1 8
8 Thomas Krol  Netherlands 2018 2022 3 3 6
9 Oscar Mathisen  Norway 1908 1914 3 2 1 6
10 Hjalmar Andersen  Norway 1949 1954 3 2 5

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Estlander represented the Grand Duchy of Finland which was part of the Russian Empire at that time.
  2. ^ Vikander represented the Grand Duchy of Finland which was part of the Russian Empire at that time.
  3. ^ Strömstén represented the Grand Duchy of Finland which was part of the Russian Empire at that time.
  4. ^ Pajor used to skate for Hungary until he defected in 1949. From then on the ISU allowed him to participate as an independent skater representing the ISU. In 1952 he skated for the Castor Sport Federation of Östersund in Sweden also representing Sweden.
  5. ^ Until 1995 Veldkamp skated for the Netherlands. From 1996 he skated for Belgium in order to avoid having to participate in Dutch qualification trials for the major tournaments.

References

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  1. ^ "EK sprint en EK afstanden toegevoegd aan schaatskalender". NU.nl (in Dutch). June 8, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2017.