Exceptional point
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In quantum physics, exceptional points[1] are singularities in the parameter space where two or more eigenstates (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) coalesce. These points appear in dissipative systems, which make the Hamiltonian describing the system non-Hermitian.
Photonics[edit]
The losses in photonic systems, are a feature used to study non-Hermitian physics.[2] Adding non-Hermiticity (such as dichroïsm) in photonic systems where exist Dirac points transforms these degeneracy points into a pair of exceptional points. It has been demonstrated experimentally in numerous photonic systems such as microcavities[3] and photonic crystals.[4] The first demonstration of exceptional points was done by Woldemar Voigt in 1902 in a crystal.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Bergholtz, Emil J.; Budich, Jan Carl; Kunst, Flore K. (2021-02-24). "Exceptional topology of non-Hermitian systems". Reviews of Modern Physics. 93 (1): 015005. arXiv:1912.10048. Bibcode:2021RvMP...93a5005B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.93.015005. S2CID 209444748.
- ^ Miri, Mohammad-Ali; Alù, Andrea (2019-01-04). "Exceptional points in optics and photonics". Science. 363 (6422): eaar7709. doi:10.1126/science.aar7709. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30606818. S2CID 57600483.
- ^ Liao, Qing; Leblanc, Charly; Ren, Jiahuan; Li, Feng; Li, Yiming; Solnyshkov, Dmitry; Malpuech, Guillaume; Yao, Jiannian; Fu, Hongbing (2021-09-01). "Experimental Measurement of the Divergent Quantum Metric of an Exceptional Point". Physical Review Letters. 127 (10): 107402. arXiv:2011.12037. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.127j7402L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.107402. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533335. S2CID 227151509.
- ^ Kim, Kyoung-Ho; Hwang, Min-Soo; Kim, Ha-Reem; Choi, Jae-Hyuck; No, You-Shin; Park, Hong-Gyu (2016-12-21). "Direct observation of exceptional points in coupled photonic-crystal lasers with asymmetric optical gains". Nature Communications. 7 (1): 13893. Bibcode:2016NatCo...713893K. doi:10.1038/ncomms13893. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5187586. PMID 28000688.
- ^ Voigt, W. (1902-07-01). "VII. On the behaviour of pleochroitic crystals along directions in the neighbourhood of an optic axis". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 4 (19): 90–97. doi:10.1080/14786440209462820. ISSN 1941-5982.
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