Formic acid (data page)
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This page provides supplementary chemical data on formic acid.
Material Safety Data Sheet
[edit]The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
- MSDS from FLUKA in the SDSdata.org database
- Science Stuff
Structure and properties
[edit]Structure and properties | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Index of refraction, nD | 1.3714 at 20 °C | ||||||||
Abbe number | ? | ||||||||
Dielectric constant, εr | 58.5 ε0 at 16 °C measured at 400 MHz | ||||||||
Bond strength | ? | ||||||||
Bond length[1] | C=O bond: 123 pm C–OH bond: 136 pm | ||||||||
Bond angle | ? | ||||||||
Magnetic susceptibility | ? | ||||||||
Surface tension | 37.67 dyn/cm at 20 °C | ||||||||
Viscosity[2] |
|
Thermodynamic properties
[edit]Phase behavior | |
---|---|
Triple point | 281.40 K (8.25 °C), 2.2 kPa |
Critical point[3] | 588 K (315 °C), 5.81 MPa |
Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusH |
+12.68 kJ/mol |
Std entropy change of fusion, ΔfusS |
+45.05 J/(mol·K) at 8.25 °C |
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, ΔvapH |
+23.1 kJ/mol |
Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapS |
+61.8 J/(mol·K) |
Solid properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
? kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy, S |
? J/(mol K) |
Heat capacity, cp | 74.5 J/(mol K) at –22 °C 82.8 J/(mol K) at 0 °C |
Liquid properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
–425.5 kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy, S |
129.0 J/(mol K) |
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcH |
–254.6 kJ/mol |
Heat capacity, cp | 101.3 J/(mol K) at 20–100 °C |
Gas properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
–362.6 kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy, S |
251.0 J/(mol K) |
Heat capacity, cp | 45.68 J/(mol K) at 25 °C |
Vapor pressure of liquid
[edit]P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 | |
T in °C | –20.0(s) | 2.1(s) | 24.0 | 43.8 | 80.3 | 100.6 |
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. The "(s)" notation indicates temperature of solid/vapor equilibrium. Otherwise the data is temperature of liquid/vapor equilibrium.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/LogFormicAcidVaporPressure.png)
Distillation data
[edit]Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Formic acid/Water[4] P = 760 mmHg | ||
BP Temp. °C |
% by mole water | |
---|---|---|
liquid | vapor | |
102.3 | 4.05 | 2.45 |
104.6 | 15.5 | 10.2 |
105.9 | 21.8 | 16.2 |
107.1 | 32.1 | 27.9 |
107.6 | 40.9 | 40.2 |
107.6 | 41.1 | 40.5 |
107.6 | 46.4 | 48.2 |
107.1 | 52.2 | 56.7 |
106.0 | 63.2 | 71.8 |
104.2 | 74.0 | 83.6 |
102.9 | 82.9 | 91.7 |
101.8 | 90.0 | 95.1 |
Spectral data
[edit]UV-Vis | |
---|---|
λmax | ? nm |
Extinction coefficient, ε | ? |
IR | |
Major absorption bands | ? cm−1 |
NMR | |
Proton NMR | |
Carbon-13 NMR | |
Other NMR data | |
MS | |
Masses of main fragments |
Safety data
[edit]Formic acid | |
---|---|
EINECS number | 200-579-1 |
Safety data | |
EU classification | Corrosive (C) |
PEL | 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) |
IDLH | 30 ppm |
Autoignition temperature | 520 °C |
Explosive limits | 18–51% |
This box:
- Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
- Reliability of data general note.
References
[edit]- ^ Morrison, Robert Thornton and Boyd, Robert Neilson, Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed. Allyn and Bacon 1972, p. 596
- ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1669–1674
- ^ Thornton Schnabel; Marfa Cortada; Jadran Vrabec; Santiago Lago; Hans Hasse. "Molecular Model for Formic Acid adjusted to Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium" (PDF). Institut für Technische Thermodynamik und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik (Institute for Technical Thermodynamic and Thermal Process Engineering), Universität Stuttgart. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2007.
- ^ "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 6 May 2007.
- "Pure Component Properties". Chemical Information Research Information Center. Archived from the original on 2 August 2002. Retrieved 4 May 2007.