George Ali Murad Khan
| Ali Murad Khan | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mir | |||||
 George Ali Murad Khan sitting on throne, July 1947 | |||||
| Mir of Khairpur | |||||
| Reign | 24 July 1947 – 10 November 1954 | ||||
| Coronation | Faiz Mahal | ||||
| Predecessor | Mir Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur II | ||||
| Successor | Monarchy abolished | ||||
| Born | George Ali Murad Khan 29 June 1933 Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom | ||||
| Begum | Saddiquah Begum Alya Talpur | ||||
| Issue | 3 | ||||
| |||||
| House | Talpur | ||||
| Father | Mir Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur II | ||||
| Mother | Dulhan Pasha Begum | ||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
George Ali Murad Khan II Talpur (Sindhi: جارج علي مراد خان; born 29 June 1933) is a member of the Talpur dynasty who was the Mir (ruler) of Khairpur from 1947 to 1954. At an age of nine months, Khan was mistakenly shot by his father. Although the bullet passed through his right lung and stomach, he survived. Ascending to the throne after his father's removal from power, he chose to accede to the Dominion of Pakistan in the same year and was invested with full powers by Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951. Three years later, the state merged with Pakistan, removing Khan's sovereign status. Khan fathered two sons, Abbas Raza Khan and Mehdi Raza Khan and one daughter Zahra from his second wife.
Early life[edit]
Khan was born on 29 June 1933 at Brighton, Sussex in United Kingdom to Mir Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur II and Dulhan Pasha Begum. He studied at St Bonaventure's High School in Hyderabad followed by Aitchison College, Lahore, before graduating from the University of Cambridge.[1]
At an age of nine months, Khan was mistakenly shot by his father. Although the bullet passed through his right lung and stomach, he survived.[1]
Reign[edit]
Khan's father Faiz Muhammad Khan II was deposed by the British on 19 July 1947,[1] due to being declared mentally unfit.[2] On 24 July, he ascended the throne at Faiz Mahal[1] but a regency board, consisting of his close relatives was created to govern the state on his behalf, as he was a minor.[3]
On 4 August 1947, the state government issued a notification declaring that 15 August would be celebrated as the state's Independence Day.[3] On that day, with the partition of British India into two new dominions, Pakistan and India, the princely states became fully independent. Most of the future princely states of Pakistan took no immediate action to accede to it. However, after some negotiation,[4] on 3 October, Mir Ghulam Hussain Khan, one of the regents, signed an instrument of accession on behalf of Khan, acceding the state to the Dominion of Pakistan. It thus became one of the first two princely states of Pakistan.[3]
During Khan's reign, Khairpur spanned over 15,700 square kilometres (6,050 sq mi) with a population of around 300,000[3] and a substantial part of the Lahore-Karachi railway track was within the state, thus making it a high-value territory for the newly formed Pakistan to wish to gain.[3]
A supplementary instrument signed on 1 February 1949 considerably reduced the effective powers of Khan and the Durbar, giving Pakistan control of the armed forces and also agreeing that the chief-minister of the state would be appointed only after consultation with the national government.[5] The Government of Khairpur Act, 1949, was initiated quasi-democratic reforms and established a 15-member legislative assembly composed of local representatives,[6] making Khairpur one of the first two princely states of Pakistan (the other one being Bahawalpur) where universal adult franchise was enabled for the first time.[7] But, democratic ideals failed to develop,[7] given that the proceedings of the assembly were allowed to be vetoed by the Chief-minister and additionally, the Chief Minister was granted absolute authority to promulgate laws without the consent of the assembly.[6] In 1951, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan invested the 18-year-old Khan with absolute ruling powers and disbanded the regents-council.[1][8] The Government of Khairpur Act was passed in 1953, despite the strong reservations of Khan, converting Khairpur into a province and consolidating further powers in the hands of a centrally appointed chief-minister.[8] On 25 May 1954, the assembly passed a resolution that rejected proposals of a merger with Sindh.[9] Finally, having come to believe a merge was inevitable, the state assembly passed a resolution to unite with the Dominion of Pakistan on 10 November 1954. Ten days later, Khan signed a merger agreement with Pakistan. This merger ended Khan's status as a sovereign.[9]
Personal life[edit]
Khan's first wife was Ghulam Saddiquah Begum, the daughter of Nawab Sadeq Mohammad Khan V of Bahawalpur State, whom he married at the Sadiqgarh Palace in Bahawalpur.[1] His second wife was Alya Talpur, a daughter of religious scholar Allama Rasheed Turabi. She died on 8 February 2019.[10] Khan fathered two sons, Abbas Raza Khan and Mehdi Raza Khan and one daughter Zahra from his second wife.[1]
Bibliography[edit]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g "The boy prince (1947)". Friday Times. 3 March 2017. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Subjects to citizens". The Friday Times. 7 August 2015. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d e "The Dawn of Pakistan". Dawn. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
- ^ Wilcox 1963
- ^ Long et al. 2015, p. 84
- ^ a b Long et al. 2015, p. 90
- ^ a b Long et al. 2015, p. 93
- ^ a b Long et al. 2015, p. 86
- ^ a b Long et al. 2015, pp. 94–95
- ^ Ali, Imtiaz (8 February 2019). "Khairpur's 'last princess' passes away in Karachi". Dawn. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
References
- Long, Roger D.; Singh, Gurharpal; Samad, Yunas; Talbot, Ian (2015). State and Nation-Building in Pakistan: Beyond Islam and Security. Routledge. ISBN 9781317448204.
- Wilcox, Wayne Ayres (1963). Pakistan. The Consolidation of a Nation. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231887700. OCLC 504316667.