George Johnson Armstrong
George Johnson Armstrong (1902 – 9 July 1941)[1] was the first British citizen to be executed under the Treachery Act 1940.[2] Only four other British subjects are known to have been executed under this Act; saboteur Jose Estelle Key (a Gibraltarian), Duncan Scott-Ford, Oswald John Job (born in London to German parents) and Theodore Schurch. Armstrong was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain.[3]
Armstrong was an engineer by occupation.[4] In 1940, he was arrested in Boston after being implicated in a Nazi spy ring. He was then deported to England. After returning, Armstrong was re-arrested and charged with treachery. He was tried on 8 May 1941 at the Central Criminal Court (the Old Bailey in London) and convicted for communicating with the German Consul in Boston, Massachusetts, to offer him assistance before the United States entered the Second World War. He was sentenced to death by Mr Justice Lewis.
His appeal on 23 June 1941, at the Court of Criminal Appeal, was dismissed, and on 10 July 1941, Armstrong was executed by hanging at HM Prison Wandsworth by Thomas Pierrepoint.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "British engineer hanged for treason", Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 9 July 1941, p. 3.
- ^ CRIMINAL CASES: ARMSTRONG, George Johnson convicted at Central Criminal Court (CCC) on 8 May 1941 for treachery and sentenced to death; TREASON: George Johnson Armstrong: convicted of offences under Section 1 of the Treachery Act, 1940 and executed., National Archives.
- ^ Gallagher, Charles (28 September 2021). Nazis of Copley Square: The Forgotten Story of the Christian Front. Harvard University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-674-98371-7.
- ^ "Death Sentence Under Treachery Act", The Sydney Morning Herald, 10 May 1941, p. 16.
- ^ "British Executions - George Johnson Armstrong". Retrieved 17 February 2012.
Further reading
[edit]- John Bulloch, Akin to Treason, London: Arthur Barker Ltd., 1966.
External links
[edit]- "Traitor hanged (1941 newspaper report)". National Library (NZ). 1941.
- 1902 births
- 1941 deaths
- Communist Party of Great Britain members
- Executed people from County Durham
- 20th-century British engineers
- British expatriates in the United States
- British spies for Nazi Germany
- British Trotskyists
- Executed British collaborators with Nazi Germany
- Executed communists
- Nazis executed by the United Kingdom by hanging
- Nazis deported from the United States
- Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
- People executed under the Treachery Act 1940