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He Delai

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In this Chinese name, the family name is He.

He Delai
BornAugust 14, 1904
Tam Wen Lake Villa, Shinchiku Prefecture
DiedFebruary 1, 1986(1986-02-01) (aged 81)
Tokyo
NationalityEmpire of Japan(1912-1945)
Taiwan（1945-1986)
OccupationPainting
SpouseHe Xiuzi(Chinese:何秀子) (1931-1971)

He Delai ( (Chinese: 何德来; pinyin:hē dé lái; August 14, 1904[1] – February 1, 1986) was a Taiwanese painter. He began his career during the Taiwan under Japanese rule his career in Japan after the Second World War.[2][3][4]

Life

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Early life

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He Delai was born in Tanwenhu Village, Hsinchu Prefecture (now Tanwen Village, Zaoqiao Township, Miaoli County). Because his biological father was unable to pay the rent, he was given to He Zhaiwu, a landlord of the He family, who owned a shop called "He Jinquan(Chinese:何锦泉)",[5] as an adopted son at the age of five, and was renamed He Jingzhang. Because his adoptive parents attached great importance to education, he entered Jinhua Elementary School in Tokyo with the help of his friends and later transferred to Niushanchui Elementary School. After completing elementary school, he returned to Taiwan and entered Taichung Municipal Taichung First Senior High School in Taiwan. During this period, he came into contact with oil painting and developed a strong interest in developing art.[6]

After graduating from Taichung Municipal Taichung First Senior High School in 1921, He Delai went to Japan to take the entrance exam for the Western Painting Department of Tokyo University of the Arts, but he failed the entrance exam repeatedly. During the Great Kanto Earthquake, he met the family of Kenjiro Waki. After failing the entrance exam several times, he finally succeeded in 1927 and was admitted to Tokyo Fine Arts School. During his studies, he studied under Wada Eisaku. At the same time, he met other overseas students from Taiwan, such as Liao Chi-chun, Tan Teng-pho, Yen Shui-long, Zhang Shunqing, and Fan Hongjia, and together they founded the "Chiyang Western Painting Society".[7] In 1929, he and other young and cutting-edge artists founded the "Akashima Society" and held its first exhibition in Taipei City.[8] In addition, he fell in love with Hideko, the daughter of Kiyomi Kenjiro, and the two married at Nogi Shrine (Tokyo) in 1931.

In 1932, He Delai returned to Taiwan from Kobe on the SS Dante Alighieri the "Hsinchu Art Research Society"[9][10] with Lee Tze-fan, Gu Xiyi, and others, and participated in art organizations such as the "Hsinchu Watercolor Painting Society," "Yilu Society"[11] and "Baiyang Society".[12] With the assistance of advisors Nanjo Hiroaki[13] and Arikawa Takeo,[14] he often met to discuss painting theory and lived in Hsinchu for two years. During this period, he made important contributions to modern art education in Hsinchu. He also held the first "Hsinchu Art Research Association Exhibition" in his studio on Beimen Street.[15][16]

However, at the end of 1934, He Delai returned to Japan for treatment due to peptic ulcer disease problems. Before leaving Taiwan, he held the "He Delai Farewell Exhibition" at the Hsinchu Public Hall.

Living in Japan

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After settling in Japan, He Delai often had to go back and forth to the hospital due to gastrointestinal diseases. As a result, he got to know the secretary position of the president of Nissan Construction Co., Ltd. He met Kaii Tokukan, the founder of the Japanese art group "New Structure Society".[17] In 1942, he participated in the 16th exhibition of the "New Structure Society" for the first time and became a formal member in 1947 while also holding an important position. However, due to the impact of World War II, exchanges with the Taiwanese art world gradually ceased.

After the war, He Delai and his wife continued to live in Meguro District, Tokyo. Ho Tak-lai did not apply for Japanese citizenship.[18][19] Since 1947, he has continued to participate in the Japanese public exhibition system as a member of the "New Structure Society" and continued to create paintings. He actively participated in exhibitions and published new works every year. However, he refused to participate in any commercial art activities. In 1956, Ho returned to Taiwan and held a solo exhibition at Taipei Zhongshan Hall. He also participated in a work exhibition organized by the Asuka Society and exhibited his works at the Shinbashi Asuka Gallery, Ginza Matsuzaki Gallery, and Nihonbashi Yanagiya Gallery.

In 1961, He Delai was elected as an alternate member of the Japan Artists Federation and served as an alternate member for eight consecutive years. During this period, his status and reputation in the Japanese art world gradually improved. However, in 1970, his wife was hospitalized for a fever. Since then, he began to accompany his wife to the hospital and take care of her. In 1973, his wife passed away due to a worsening of her illness, which brought him a great blow.[20] He used the painting "Back View" to express the last moments of his wife's life. In 1974, he published a quasi-autobiographical poetry collection, "My Road" (私の道), in memory of his wife.[21] He also used painting and teaching to heal his pain and traveled to various places in the suburbs to sketch and create.[22]

old age

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In 1973, the Hsinchu Society held a solo oil painting exhibition of Ho Tak-lai at the Shibuya Gallery in memory of his late wife, Hideko. Ho Tak-lai established the Jiade Society to hold exhibitions regularly and promote art research among members.

In 1980, Ho Tak-lai won the first "Lin Weiyuan Memorial Dingjing Cultural and Art Award" in recognition of his contribution to the art world. However, his health began to deteriorate. In 1983, his right eye showed abnormalities, and he went to an eye hospital for treatment. During the 57th "New Structure Society" exhibition in 1985, he was hospitalized again for surgery because of cataracts in his left eye. However, the glaucoma in his right eye was not treated, and in the following days, his vision gradually deteriorated.

On the early morning of February 1, 1986, Ho Tak-lai died suddenly at his home in Meguro due to a heart attack. He was 81 years old.[23]

In 1994, to commemorate his 90th birthday, the Taipei Fine Arts Museum held the "Ho Tak-lai 90th Anniversary Exhibition".[24]

Heritage

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  • Due to He Delai's contribution to the New Structure Society, the New Structure Society established the "He Delai Award", which became the only award in the Japanese art group named after a Taiwanese painter.[25]
  • Most of He Delai's works have been donated to the Taipei Fine Arts Museum and Hsinchu City Government by his nephew Ho Teng-jing. In 2018, the Taiwan Cultural Center of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Japan held a retrospective of He Delai's works.[26]
  • In 2019, the Hsinchu City Cultural Bureau, Zhuxuan, Meiyuan, and Liuli Gallery held the "He Delai and Japanese Art Groups - New Structure Society" exhibition, which included 121 works by members of the New Structure Society, artists and important disciples who exchanged with He Delai during his stay in Japan, family collections and cultural bureau collections.[27]
  • In 2023, the Taipei Fine Arts Museum held the "My Way: He Delai Retrospective" research exhibition, which displayed many of He Delai's collections, archival documents preserved by his family, and other objects.[28][29][30]

Painting style

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He Delai's works are deeply influenced by modern art. He often uses monochrome, harmonious, and simple colors in his works. He mainly uses modern vocabulary, minimalism, and flat colors and lines to depict images of daily objects and present themes that reflect his inner changes. He also uses the environment as the starting point of his creative perspective, especially in the "Moonlit Night" series.[31][32]

While studying at Tokyo Fine Arts School, his self-portraits and graduation works show the characteristics of academic art, especially in the rigorous training of human figure drawing. His graduation work, "Recollections of the Great Earthquake," further shows his concern for society. After experiencing the changes in his life, such as war and the worsening of his old illness in the 1940s, He Delai's works more deeply depicted his criticism of social problems and his imagination of World peace, such as "Nightmare" (1950), "After the War" (1950), "Still Painting the Dream of Peace Today" (1951).[33] In the 1950s, He Delai continued to ponder issues such as the abiogenesis and expressed elements such as cosmology and astronomy. At the same time, themes such as memories of hometown and the image of mother began to appear. For example, works such as "Guqin Performance" (1949),[34] "White Day" (1956, now in the collection of the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts),[35][36] "Dawn" (1962),[37] "My Life" (1958), "Mother and Son Years" (1959) and "Dream of West Lake" (1952).

In addition to the visual imagery of images, He Delai also relied on the font and meaning of words to integrate his feelings. His composition principle was not only influenced by Japanese calligraphy but also introduced poetry and words into painting, creating an art form that incorporates words and images.[38] The most representative is the autobiographical work "Fifty-five Songs" (1964), created with words and pictures.[39]

References

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  1. ^ "08月14日 何德來 生日快樂！". 非池中藝術網. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  2. ^ De lai, He. "文化部國家文化資料庫". nrch.culture.tw (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-09-12. [National Cultural Database of the Ministry of Culture]
  3. ^ 中華民國文化部. "何德來-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  4. ^ "專題 心與宇宙：何德來藝術之道 | 現代美術期刊". 現代美術 PLUS (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  5. ^ 中華民國文化部. "1980年何錦泉家祖厝-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  6. ^ "Zhang Zhaoxuan - [People's Heart and Art] The other side of the sea is my hometown! A painter who sticks to his Taiwanese nationality in Japan: He Delai - Thinking Taiwan - Think about Taiwan, think about the future". 想想論壇 (in Chinese). [張肇烜 - 【人心人術】海的彼端是故鄉！堅守台灣籍的旅日畫家：何德來 - 想想Thinking Taiwan - 想想台灣，想想未來]
  7. ^ "Red Sun Society" [赤陽會]. nrch.culture.tw (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2023-07-27.
  8. ^ "【桑梓散步】「愛妻家」何德來和他的故鄉". 放言Fount Media. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  9. ^ "${meta.title}". ${meta.name}. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  10. ^ 中華民國文化部. "新竹美術研究會-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  11. ^ 中華民國文化部. "一廬會-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  12. ^ "獨家》1930年新竹西畫推手 日本畫家南條博明後代來台尋根 - 生活 - 自由時報電子報". 2023-07-27. Archived from the original on 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  13. ^ "【名單之後】南條博明在新竹留下的三段故事". 聚珍臺灣 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2019-06-10. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  14. ^ "有川武夫 - 名單之後：臺府展史料庫" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  15. ^ 中華民國文化部. "（一）何德來-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  16. ^ "新竹市地方寶藏資料庫". 新竹市地方寶藏資料庫 (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  17. ^ "新構造概要 of 新構造展". 新構造展 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  18. ^ 维仁, 陈. "旅日畫家何德來 70年堅守台灣籍 - 地方 - 自由時報電子報". news.ltn.com.tw. Archived from the original on 2023-07-27.
  19. ^ "從不賣畫的畫家！旅外多年的他悍然拒絕當外國人，只願一生保留台灣國籍…-風傳媒". 2023-07-27. Archived from the original on 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  20. ^ "性別人權協會：新聞". gsrat.net. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  21. ^ 中華民國文化部. "何德來 《我的路》-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  22. ^ 新竹市文化局 (2018-09-22). "鉛筆-新竹市政府". 新竹市文化局. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  23. ^ "旅日藝術家何德來的人生軌跡：「何德來與日本美術團體—新構造社」展". 典藏ARTouch.com (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2019-12-27. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  24. ^ 國際化,雙語編排,文化整合,全球華人的雜誌, 台灣光華雜誌 Taiwan Panorama |. "描繪和平之夢——何德來 - 台灣光華雜誌". 台灣光華雜誌 Taiwan Panorama | 國際化,雙語編排,文化整合,全球華人的雜誌 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-09-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "「何德來與日本美術團體－新構造社」展". 新竹市文化局. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  26. ^ Team, Internet. "台灣前輩畫家回顧展─逝世33周年 何德來的愛與死". 台北駐日經濟文化代表處 Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Japan (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  27. ^ "「何德來與日本美術團體－新構造社」展 文化局展出 | ETtoday地方新聞 | ETtoday新聞雲". 2023-07-27. Archived from the original on 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  28. ^ "臺北市立美術館：【吾之道：何德來回顧展】". 非池中藝術網. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  29. ^ "離鄉30年無法返台 北美館辦「吾之道：何德來回顧展」 | 生活新聞 | 生活 | 聯合新聞網". 2023-07-27. Archived from the original on 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  30. ^ "【藝術文化】吾之道：何德來回顧展 北美館開展 - 自由藝文網". 2023-07-27. Archived from the original on 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  31. ^ "何德來 異鄉與故鄉的對話/何德來詩歌集(套售)". www.smcbook.com.tw. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  32. ^ Taibei Shi li mei shu guan; Lin, Yuchun; Rao, Zuxian; He, Delai; Taibei Shi li mei shu guan; Taibei Shi li mei shu guan, eds. (2015). Taibei Shi li mei shu guan dian cang zhuan ce. IV: He Delai (Chu ban ed.). Taibei Shi: Taibei Shi li mei shu guan. ISBN 978-986-04-6313-2. OCLC 941162573.
  33. ^ 中華民國文化部. "今日仍在描繪和平之夢-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  34. ^ 中華民國文化部. "古琴演奏-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  35. ^ "何德來－白日－國美典藏". 2023-07-27. Archived from the original on 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  36. ^ 中華民國文化部. "白日-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  37. ^ 中華民國文化部. "黎明-文化部國家文化記憶庫". memory.culture.tw (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  38. ^ "「吾之道」何德來回顧展登場！畫背藏詩、日月文字入畫等5大亮點呈現大師的藝術哲思｜MOT TIMES 明日誌". www.mottimes.com. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  39. ^ "五十五首歌 | 臺北市立美術館". www.tfam.museum. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
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