Henry Kempton Craft
Henry Kempton Craft (18 October 1883 – 31 August 1974) was an American YMCA executive and civil rights activist.[1][2]
Henry Craft was born in Charleston, South Carolina, the son of Charles P. and Emeline (Kinloch) Craft. He was the grandson of William and Ellen Craft, enslaved people and abolitionists from Macon, Georgia, who became famous for their daring escape from slavery in 1848 and their 1860 book, Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom; Or, the Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery. Their book was one of the most compelling slave narratives published before the American Civil War.[1][3]
Henry Craft went to high school at the Mount Hermon School for Boys (now the Northfield Mount Hermon School) in Gill, Massachusetts, from 1899 to 1902. He earned his B.S. in electrical engineering at Harvard University in 1907, taught at the Tuskegee Institute from 1908 to 1911, and worked as an electrical engineer in Chicago from 1911 to 1914. He married Virginia "Bessie" Trotter on 25 September 1912. They had two children.[1] Henry Craft had a long career with the YMCA starting in 1918 when he served as the Boy's Work Secretary on the International Committee. He became the Executive Secretary of the YMCA of Gary, Indiana, in 1921, the Executive Secretary of the Pine Street YMCA in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1923, the Executive Secretary of the YMCA of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1929, and the Executive Secretary of the Harlem YMCA on 135th Street in New York in 1932.[1] He remained the leader of the Harlem Y for 14 years, retiring on 01 March 1946.[4]
After his career with the YMCA, Henry Craft was appointed by New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey as the field coordinator for the New York State Commission Against Discrimination, now known as the New York State Division of Human Rights.[5][6]
In 1941, along with A. Philip Randolf, Walter White, Lester Granger, Frank Crosswaith, Layle Lane, and Rayford Logan, Henry Craft was an organizing member of Negroes' Committee to March on Washington for Equal Participation in National Defense, which planned to mobilize 50,000 to 100,000 marchers on July 1, 1941 to protest the Jim Crow defense program after previous efforts to persuade President Franklin Roosevelt to desegregate the military were unsuccessful.[7][8] A week before the march, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802, which prohibited ethnic or racial discrimination in the nation's defense industry (including in companies, unions, and federal agencies engaged in war-related work) and created the Fair Employment Practice Committee.[9] Though not a law, Executive Order 8802 was the first federal action to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the United States, and it represented the first executive civil rights directive since Reconstruction.[10] As a result of this victory, the 1941 March on Washington was called off by its organizing committee.[11]
In the 1930s and 1940s, Henry Craft and his family lived in The Garrison Apartments at 435 Convent Avenue, Apartment 35, on Sugar Hill in Harlem.[12][13][1][14]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Who’s Who in Colored America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Persons of African Descent in America, 1941-1944 (6th ed.). Brooklyn, NY: Thomas Yenser. 1944. p. 139.
- ^ "Henry Craft Dies; Y.M.C.A. Official, 90". The New York Times. September 2, 1974. p. 18. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ "Father of Harlem Y Secretary Dies in Charleston at 84". The New York Age. January 22, 1938. p. 2. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ "Henry K. Craft Honored After 14 Years at YMCA". New York Amsterdam News. April 6, 1946. p. 3. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ "Several Hundred Guests Attend Testimonial Dinner for Henry Craft, Retiring Director". The New York Age. March 30, 1946. p. 4. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ "Harriman Falls Heir to a Rich Heritage". The New York Age. November 13, 1954. p. 2. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ "Call to Negro America! To March on Washington for Jobs and Equal Share in National Defense Work". The Call (Kansas City, MO). May 9, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ "Want 50,000 to Stage Big Mass Protest; Negroes to Demonstrate Against Jim Crow Defense Program". The Call (Kansas City, MO). May 9, 1941. p. 1.
- ^ "125,000 More Put in Civil Service; President by Order Greatly Expands the Number Under Merit Regulation". The New York Times. April 24, 1941. p. 23. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ "The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom; World War II and Post War (1940–1949)". Library of Congress. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ Lewis, Catherine M.; Lewis, J. Richard, eds. (2009). Jim Crow America: a documentary history. Fayetteville, Ark: Univ. of Arkansas Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-55728-895-0.
- ^ "Friends Since Junior High Days to Take Vows June 10". New York Amsterdam News. June 10, 1939. p. 8. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
- ^ Manhattan Telephone Directory, 1940 Issue; p 227.
- ^ ""Y" Secretary Loses Right to Drive Auto". New York Amsterdam News. October 13, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved July 9, 2024.