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Hortensia Lamar

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Hortensia Lamar
A woman with light skin and dark hair and eyes, wearing a dark top and a strand of pearls
Hortensia Lamar, from a 1923 publication
Born1888
Died1967
Occupation(s)Clubwoman, suffragist
Known forPresident, Club Femenino de Cuba

Hortensia Lamar y Delmonte (1888 – 1967)[1][2] was a Cuban suffragist and clubwoman. She was president of the Club Femenino de Cuba and the Federación Nacional de Asociaciones Femeninas.

Early life

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Lamar was born to a wealthy family from Matanzas.[2][3]

Career

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Lamar was a founder and president of the Club Femenino de Cuba and the Federación Nacional de Asociaciones Femeninas.[4][5] She edited the club's official magazine, La mujer moderna, "the most political radical of the journals of its time".[6] The federation of Cuban women's organizations campaigned for women's suffrage, juvenile courts, workers' rights, and women's education.[7]

Lamar, an "energetic" "born leader",[2][8] campaigned for immigration reform to abolish sex trafficking, drug abuse, and prostitution in Cuba.[9][10] She also joined Cuban feminists who sought equal rights for children born to single mothers.[11][12] "Let us raise up the mother! Let us raise up and protect her children!" she said in an address to the Second National Women's Congress in 1925.[13] She served on an international women's commission,[14] represented Cuba at the First International Feminist Conference in 1926,[1] and was a member of the Women's Advisory Committee of the Institución Hispano-Cubana de Cultura.[15] She also opposed bullfighting in Cuba.[16]

After Cuban president Gerardo Machado failed to follow through on a promise to recognize Cuban women's right to the vote, Lamar joined organized opposition to Machado, contributing to his regime's defeat.[17] In 1933, she participated in peace talks in Havana, facilitated by American diplomat Sumner Welles.[18][19] "Lamar was not timid, and Welles took her seriously," noted Philip Dur and Christopher Gilcrease in 2002.[20] She and other feminist leaders met with the next president, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes,[17] and Cuban women's right to vote was recognized in 1934.

Publications

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  • "La lucha contra la prostitución y la trata de blancas" (1923, "The Fight Against Prostitution and the White Slave Trade")[21][22]
  • "Protección y defensa del hogar cubano" (1923)[23]
  • "La mujer cubana: Su preparación y concepto social de la vida" (1932)[24]
  • "Cuida la adolescencia de tü hija" (1935)[25]

Personal life

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Lamar died in 1967, in her late seventies,[1] "still a formidable presence in her old age."[2]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Kapcia, Antoni (2022-04-25). Historical Dictionary of Cuba. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 340–341. ISBN 978-1-4422-6455-7.
  2. ^ a b c d Bretos, Miguel A. (2011-10-09). Matanzas: The Cuba Nobody Knows. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-4086-8.
  3. ^ Wamsley, E. Sue (2022). A Hemisphere of Women: The Founding and Development of the Inter-American Commission, 1915–1939. U of Nebraska Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-4962-3011-9.
  4. ^ García, Olga (2024-05-30). "El Primer Congreso Nacional de Mujeres Cubanas (segunda parte)". alasTensas (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  5. ^ Clarke, Mrs Ida Clyde Gallagher (1925). Women of Today. Women of Today Press. pp. 280–281.
  6. ^ Davies, Catherine (1997). A Place in the Sun: Women Writers in Twentieth-Century Cuba. Zed Books. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-85649-542-4.
  7. ^ "Equal RIghts for Cubans; Women of Island Will be Called to Campaign to Benefit Themselves". Wausau Daily Herald. 1923-01-05. p. 3. Retrieved 2024-09-19 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "World News about Women". The Woman Citizen. 10 (12): 31. March 1926.
  9. ^ Camiscioli, Elisa (2020). "'Traffic in women' as migration history: Gendered mobility between France and Cuba (early twentieth century)". Clio. Women, Gender, History (51): 112–113. ISSN 2554-3822.
  10. ^ Foote, Nicola; Goebel, Michael (2016-12-10). Immigration and National Identities in Latin America. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-5329-5.
  11. ^ Stoner, Kathryn Lynn (1991-04-30). From the House to the Streets: The Cuban Woman's Movement for Legal Reform, 1898-1940. Duke University Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-0-8223-8168-6.
  12. ^ Beezley, William H.; Ewell, Judith (1997). The Human Tradition in Modern Latin America. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-8420-2613-0.
  13. ^ Chomsky, Aviva; Carr, Barry; Prieto, Alfredo; Smorkaloff, Pamela Maria (2019-05-17). The Cuba Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1-4780-0456-1.
  14. ^ National Council of Women of the United States (1928). The Year Book and Directory of the National Council of Women of the United States, Inc., Including the Proceedings of the ... Convention. The Council. p. 227.
  15. ^ Font, Mauricio Augusto; Quiroz, Alfonso W. (2005). Cuban Counterpoints: The Legacy of Fernando Ortiz. Lexington Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7391-0968-7.
  16. ^ Springer, Mary Elizabeth. "The Feminist Movement in Cuba" Bulletin of the Pan American Union 57(5)(December 1923): 583.
  17. ^ a b "Woman Suffrage Sought in Cuba". Springfield Weekly Republican. 1933-09-07. p. 10. Retrieved 2024-09-19 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Peace Talks Begin in Havana Today; Oppositionist and Machado Delegates Will See Welles Separately This Morning". The New York Times. July 1, 1933. p. 30. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  19. ^ "Welles Back at Desk". St. Albans Daily Messenger. 1934-02-02. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-09-19 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ Dur, Philip; Gilcrease, Christopher (May 2002). "US Diplomacy and the Downfall of a Cuban Dictator: Machado in 1933". Journal of Latin American Studies. 34 (2): 264. doi:10.1017/S0022216X02006417. ISSN 1469-767X.
  21. ^ Lamar, Hortensia. "La lucha contra la prostitución y la trata de blancas" Revista bimestra cubana 18(2)(1923): 128-140.
  22. ^ Sippial, Tiffany A. (2013-11-11). Prostitution, Modernity, and the Making of the Cuban Republic, 1840-1920. UNC Press Books. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-4696-0895-2.
  23. ^ Lamar, Hortencia. "Protección y defensa del hogar cubano", in Memorias del Primer Congreso Nacional de Mujeres. Organizado por la Federación Nacional de Asociaciones Femeninas, April 1-7, 1923, Havana, Cuba, p. 97.
  24. ^ Lamar, Hortensia. “La mujer cubana: Su preparación y concepto social de la vida.” Diario de la Marina. Número centenario, 1832–1932 (1932): 127.
  25. ^ Lamar, Hortensia. "Cuida la adolescencia de tú hija" Carteles (January 13, 1935): 8.
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