Istalif
Istālif
استالف | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Istalif Village | |
  Istālif Location in Afghanistan | |
| Coordinates: 34°50′N 69°6′E / 34.833°N 69.100°E | |
| Country |  Afghanistan |
| Province | Kabul Province |
| District | Istalif District |
| Time zone | UTC+4:30 |
Istālif (Pashto and Dari: استالف) is a mostly Tajik village 29 kilometres (18 mi) northwest of Kabul, Afghanistan, situated at an elevation of 1,693 metres (5,554 ft)[1] in the Shomali Plains, west of Kalakan and south-west of Bagram. It is the center of Istalif District, Kabul Province, Afghanistan.
Istalif is most famous for its grapes and handmade pottery. The glaze to create the turquoise color, most associated with pottery from Istalif, comes from the ishkar plant.[2] The Japanese historian and scholar, Mitsukuni Yoshida, visited Istalif in the 1960s in his journey of visiting pottery-making villages in Greater Persia. He identified that Istalif, at the time, had a population of 300 people and 25 kilns.[3] Pottery-making season began in early April, when the people began to gather clay from the mountains and transported it down to the hamlets with donkeys. Pottery making season lasted between May to October.
Etymology
[edit]Its name might derive from Greek staphile ("bunch of grapes") or Parachi estuf ("cow-parsnip").
History
[edit]
Istalif was always renowned as one of the most beautiful places in Afghanistan – the Emperor Babur fell in love with it in the 16th century and used to hold parties in his rose garden and summer house there. Alexander Burnes, a British political agent to Dost Mohammed in the 19th century, had come here to relax amid the plane and walnut trees. He described that the mountains streams are full of fishes and the orchards and vineyards are richest.
Charles Masson traveled to Istalif before the Anglo-Afghan War and described it in his narratives:
"Istalif is one of the most picturesque spots which can be conceived; all that a combination of natural beauties can achieve we behold here in perfection: their effect is not diminished, but rather augmented by the I rude appearance of the houses of the town. The scenery of the country around is extensive and grand, in happy unison with the keeping of the whole picture. The people of the country have a proverb, that he who has not seen Istalif has nothing seen."[4]
Masson indicated that almost every household had an orchard, and most of the population worked in manufacturing as weavers.
During the final phase of the First Anglo-Afghan War, as General Pollock's Army of Retribution marched into Kabul, many families fled to Istalif. On September 29, 1842, British troops were dispatched, which surrounded the town, attacked, and then systemically pillaged it. The British and Indian soldiers set fire to the cotton cloth of their victims and burnt them alive. They raped and massacred women and children as well.[5] Five hundred women and children were captured.[6] British troops, under Major General McCaskill, were ordered to burn the town.
Istalif became a focal point of tension following Habibullāh Kalakāni overthrowing Amanullah Khan, the King of Afghanistan. Most of the people of Istalif supported Habibullah, who hailed from a neighboring town in the Shomali Plain. Civil war followed Habibullah's uprising and fighting ensued in Istalif in 1929. Eventually, Mohammad Nadir Shah, a General under Amanullah Khan, became king. In retribution and because he was beholden to the Pashtun tribes who supported him, Mohammad Nadir Shah gave them permission to raid and loot Istalif, along with the rest of the Shomali Plain.[7]
Until 1998, Istalif was a breadbasket for the region and surrounded by lush orchards growing grapes, roses and wheat. That year the Taliban came to the village, cutting down trees, burning homes and killing livestock in retribution for the village's support of Ahmad Shah Massoud. After destruction, the village has been rebuilding itself after 2002.[8]
Gallery
[edit]-
Postcard of Istalif, circa 1950s -
Inside Istalif after the Taliban war
References
[edit]- ^ National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Geonames database entry. (search) Accessed 2011-05-12.
- ^ "Afghan Potter Shares Story of Artistry and Escape from Taliban to Connecticut | Department of the History of Art".
- ^ Yoshida, Mitsukuni (1972). In search of Persian pottery (in English and Japanese) (1st English ed.). New York: Weatherhill. ISBN 978-0-8348-1510-0.
- ^ Masson, Charles. Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, the Panjab, and Kalat. London: Richard Bentley, 1844. Vol III, p. 120. https://www.loc.gov/item/04024770/
- ^ Dalrymple, William. Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan. New York: Knopf, 2013. Print. pp. 407-409
- ^ Greenwood, Joseph (1844). Narrative of the late victorious campaigns in Affghanistan, under General Pollock : with recollections of seven years' service in India. H. Colburn. p. 23.
- ^ Coburn, Noah (2011). Bazaar politics: power and pottery in an Afghan market town. Stanford studies in Middle Eastern and Islamic societies and cultures. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-7671-4. OCLC 701330654.
- ^ "Feature: Saving private ruins in Istalif, Afghanistan".
External links
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