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Jadoon tribe

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Jadoon tribe
جدون
Regions with significant populations
Hazara regionAbbottabad, Haripur, Mansehra
Languages
Pashto, Hindko
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Pashtuns

The Jadoon[a] (Pashto: ږدون,ګدون،سدون، یدون، زدون) or Jadun are a Pakhtun tribe residing mostly in the Abbottabad, Haripur and Mansehra city of the Hazara Division, Kohistan and partly in the Swabi district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Some members of the tribe also live in Nangarhar and Kunar in Afghanistan.[1][2][3]

History[edit]

Sakhi Jan Jadoon was a Pashtun leader of the Jadoon tribe, born in 1790 and died in the Battle of Attock in 1831. Along with Syed Ahmad Barelvi, Sakhi Jan Jadoon partook in the freedom fighting efforts against the Sikh Khalsa regime and is known as a brave fighter among the Pashtuns of Swabi, Abbottabad, Haripur and the Gadoon area.[b]

Olaf Caroe in his 1958 The Pathans, the most comprehensive collection of history of Afghans at that time writes that Jadoons, mostly based in Hazara are under the Panni tribe in the genealogy of the Gharghasht.[4]

In 1841 J. Forbes and John William Kaye said the following with reference to the Jadoons who lived in the tribal areas outside the limits of British India.[5]

The Jadoons are not British subjects, though they inhabit a portion of the district called Hazara. They inhabit a portion of the frontier below, that is south of the Hussanzye tribe, lying on the right bank of the Indus, and opposite to the British town of Torbeyla. Westward their territory extends till it meets the higher ranges of the Hindoo Koosh. The Mahabun mountain, with its dense forest, lies within their boundary, and the whole tract is wild and rugged in an almost inconceivable degree. Though the Jadoons accompanied the Yoosufzyes when they descended from Kabool in the fifteenth century, and conquered and occupied the valley of Peshawaur, they claim to have an independent origin, and are separate from the Yoosufzyes. The Jadoons have spread into the neighbouring district of Hazara, and now form one of the strongest tribes of that province, occupying the central portion; their villages lying from 1,500 to 6,000 feet above the plains of the Indus.[5]

According to I︠U︡riĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ, the Jadoons were a tribe of Indo-Aryan origin that were assimilated by the Kakar.[6]

Genetics[edit]

Y haplogroup and mtdna haplogroup samples were taken from Jadoon, Yousafzai, Sayyid, Gujaran and Tanoli men living in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Jadoon men have predominantly East Asian origin paternal ancestry with West Eurasian maternal ancestry and a lesser amount of South Asian maternal ancestry according to a Y and mtdna haplogroup test indicating local females marrying immigrant males during the medieval period. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon men, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of Han Chinese. 82.5% of Jadoon men carrying Q-MEH2 and O3-M122 which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid (Syed) population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gujars and Yousafzais. There appears to be founder affect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon.[7][8][9] 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gujars and 2.82% of Yousafzais carry O3-M122.[10][11]

56.25% of Jadoons in another test carried West Eurasian maternal Haplogroup H (mtDNA).[12] Dental morphology of the Swabi Jadoons was also analyzed and compared to other groups in the regions like Yousufzais and Sayyids.[13]

People[edit]

Sultan Khan Jadoon, Author of Several Books (Jadoon Tribe) & founder of Jadoon Education Foundation (JEF) His contribution include: 1. Answer Of Tareekh-ul-Afghan, Aslam Khan Jadoon (1979) 2. Sultani-Tareekh-Jadoon (1984) 3. Shajra-e-Nasab Qoam Jadoon (1989) 4. The Jadoons "English" (2001) 4. Shajra-e-Nasab Qoam Jadoon according to 1872 Hazara District (2006) 5. Booklet Shajra-e-Nasab "Khalil Zai Mansoor" (2010) 6. Sultani-Tareekh-Jadoon (2014).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ May also be written as Gadoon on older historical books
    The original name of the tribe was Zhadoon but changed to Gadoon due to the hard dialect of Pashto, and due to grammar habbits of the tribes of the Peshawar valley with the tendency to change the letters ژ into ج, the variant Jadoon appeared
  2. ^ The 'Gadoon area' was merged into Mardan Division by the British Raj and may refer to the areas where the tribe are predominant near Hazara on both sides of the Indus
  1. ^ Bergen, Peter; Tiedemann, Katherine (4 January 2013). Talibanistan: Negotiating the Borders Between Terror, Politics, and Religion. Oxford University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-19-998677-4.
  2. ^ Charlotte Hille (6 May 2020). Jadoon tribe. BRILL. ISBN 9789004415485. Retrieved 15 December 2022 – via Clans and Democratization: Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq via Google Books website (Clans, Tribes and their Locality) page 247.
  3. ^ Steinberg, S. (29 December 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1954. Springer. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-230-27083-1.
  4. ^ Pg. 19, Sir Olaf Caroe The Pathans 1958
  5. ^ a b Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for the British and Foreign India, China, and Australasia. Vol.XXXV-New Series, May–August, 1841
  6. ^ I︠U︡riĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ · (1971). The Peoples of Pakistan: An Ethnic History. p. 135.
  7. ^ Tariq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Farooq, Umar; Schurr, Theodore G. (2022). "Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan". Scientific Reports. 12 (1027): 1–18. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3. PMC 8770644.
  8. ^ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35046511/
  9. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357933818_Contrasting_maternal_and_paternal_genetic_histories_among_five_ethnic_groups_from_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Pakistan
  10. ^ Tariq, Muhammad (2017). Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis (This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by Hazara UniversityMansehra, Pakistan). Hazara University, Mansehra. pp. 1–229. Docket 13737.
  11. ^ http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf
  12. ^ Akbae, N.; Ahmad, H.; Nadeem, M.S.; Hemphill, B.E.; Muhammad, K.; Ahmad, W.; Ilyas, M. (24 June 2016). "HVSI polymorphism indicates multiple origins of mtDNA in the Hazarewal population of Northern Pakistan" (PDF). Genetics and Molecular Research. 15 (2). Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan: 1–10. doi:10.4238/gmr.15027167.
  13. ^ Zubair, Muhammad; Ahmad, Habib; Hemphill, Brian E.; Tariq4, Muhammad; Shah, Muzafar (25 March 2021). "Identification of Genetic Lineage of Peshawar and Nowshera Tribes through Dental Morphology". Pakistan Journal of Zoology. Zoological Society of Pakistan. doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/20190927080941.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Tazkara Sarfaroshan e Sarhad by Muhammad Shafi Sabir.
  • "The Jadoons" by Sultan Khan Jadoon (2001).
  • Sir Olaf Caroe, (1958) The Pathans.
  • Afghan by Muhammad Asif Fitrat
  • Karwan-e-Jadoon
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