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James Alison Glover

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James Alison Glover
Born21 February 1874
Highbury, North London
Died17 September 1963
Education
Known for
Medical career
ProfessionPhysician
FieldEpidemiology
Awards

James Allison Glover (21 February 1874 – 17 September 1963), was a British physician, known for his epidemiological studies associating carrier rates of meningococcus with overcrowding, revealing geographic variations in the number of tonsillectomies in school children in England and Wales, and showing that cases of rheumatism occurred after outbreaks of sore throats caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Early life and education[edit]

James Glover was born on 21 February 1876 in Highbury, North London, to physician James Grey Glover and Mary Muller.[1][2] He completed his early education at St Paul's School before gaining admission to St. John’s College, Cambridge, where he earned a bachelor's degree in the Natural Science Tripos in 1897.[2] He then entered Guy's Hospital to study medicine, and became dresser to Henry Howse and Sir William Arbuthnot Lane.[1]

Early career[edit]

In 1899, before completing his medical studies, Glover joined the City Imperial Volunteers, and served in the Boer War, in which he took part in the Battle of Diamond Hill.[1][3] Once his medical skills were discovered, he was seconded to No. 2 Field Hospital of the New South Wales Army Medical Corps as an honorary lieutenant.[1]

After gaining his medical degreee in 1901, Glover's early posts included obstetric resident to Alfred Lewis Galabin and house surgeon to Sir Henry Morris.[1]

In 1917 Glover became medical officer in charge of London's Cerebrospinal Fever Laboratory.[1][a] There he studied carrier rates of meningococcus and associated high carrier rates with overcrowding and meningitis epidemics.[5][6] He found that "spacing-out" of beds prevented epidemics of meningitis in the military.[1][7][8] The finding earned him the reputation of being a "good friend of the private soldier".[1]

In 1920 Glover became medical officer to the then new Ministry of Health.[2] His study of the geographic variation in the number of tonsillectomies in school children in England and Wales was published in 1938.[9][b] In it, he found no other explanation for the variation other than differences in indication for surgery and medical opinion.[9] The paper is considered a "classic" and a "core component of health services research using epidemiology for understanding rates of intervention as opposed to disease".[9][10]

Second World War[edit]

In 1941 Glover was re-employed as a temporary medical officer of the Ministry of Health, immediately after he had retired.[1] During the Second World War he served in the Home Guard and later as medical officer to the 2nd City of London Regiment.[1]

Glover was the first editor of the Monthly bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service.[1]

Awards and honours[edit]

In 1919 Glover gained an O.B.E, and then a C.B.E in 1941.[1] He delivered the Milroy Lecture in 1930. In 1951 Lord Webb-Johnson, the then president of the Royal Society of Medicine, presented Glover with the eleventh Jenner Medal.[5] In the same year he was made Fellow of the RSM.[1]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The Central Cerebrospinal Fever Laboratory at the Royal Army Medical (RAM) College was established by the War Office in early 1915 for the purpose of research, developing diagnostic tests and coordinating the military response.[4]
  2. ^ His 1938 paper was reprinted in 2008 by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.[10]

Selected publications[edit]

  • Glover, J. A. (October 1918). "Observations on the Meningococcus Carrier-Rate in relation to density of population in Sleeping Quarters". The Journal of Hygiene. 17 (4): 367–379. doi:10.1017/s0022172400007221. ISSN 0022-1724. PMC 2206827. PMID 20474661.
  • Glover, J.A., (1920) “Observations of the Meningococcus Carrier Rate and their Application to the Prevention of Cerebrospinal Fever”. Cebrospinal Fever. Special Report Series, 50, 133-165.
  • Glover, J. A. (July 1928). "Some Observations on Naso-pharyngeal Epidemics in Public Schools". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 21 (9): 1593–1610. ISSN 0035-9157. PMID 19986581.
  • "Milroy Lectures On the incidence of rheumatic diseases". The Lancet. 215 (5560): 607–612. March 1930. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)57184-0.
  • Glover, J. Alison (August 1938). "The Incidence of Tonsillectomy in School Children". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 31 (10): 1219–1236. ISSN 0035-9157. PMID 19991659.
  • Glover, J. Alison (January 1946). "Acute Rheumatism in Military History". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 39 (3): 113–118. ISSN 0035-9157. PMID 9993221.
  • Glover, J. A. (June 1946). "Acute Rheumatism". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 5 (4): 126–130. doi:10.1136/ard.5.4.126. ISSN 0003-4967. PMC 1011586. PMID 18623744.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Trail, Richard R. "James Alison Glover". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Royal College of Physcians. Archived from the original on 22 June 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Clark, Sir George Norman; Briggs, Asa (1964). "9. Munk's Roll". A History of the Royal College of Physicians of London. Clarendon Press for the Royal College of Physicians. p. 1535. ISBN 978-0-19-925334-0.
  3. ^ Storey, Geoffrey O. (May 2004). "James Alison Glover (1874–1963), OBE (1919) CBE (1941) MD (1905) DPH (1905) FRCP (1933)". Journal of Medical Biography. 12 (2). doi:10.1177/09677720040120020.
  4. ^ Wawrzynczak, Edward J. (October 2020). "Treatment of military cases of cerebrospinal fever during WWI: the concerted efforts of the RAMC, MRC and Lister Institute to make serum therapy work". BMJ military health. 166 (5): 347–351. doi:10.1136/jramc-2019-001226. ISSN 2633-3775. PMID 31127059.
  5. ^ a b "Jenner Memorial Medal". British Medical Journal. 1 (4716): 1201–1202. 26 May 1951. ISSN 0007-1447.
  6. ^ Smallman-Raynor, Matthew; Cliff, Andrew (2012). "6. Epidemics in wartime: the home front, 1914-18 and 1939-45". Atlas of Epidemic Britain: A Twentieth Century Picture. Oxford University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-19-957292-2.
  7. ^ Mendelson, J. Andrew (1998). "14. From eradication to equilibrium: how epidemics became complex after World War I". In Lawrence, Christopher; Weisz, George (eds.). Greater Than the Parts: Holism in Biomedicine, 1920-1950. Oxford University Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-19-510904-7.
  8. ^ Aycock, W. Lloyd; Mueller, J. Howard; Carroll, Francis B. (June 1950). "Meningococcus carrier rates and meningitis incidence". Bacteriological Reviews. 14 (2): 115–160. ISSN 0005-3678. PMID 15426617.
  9. ^ a b c Liu, Jason B.; Sage, Jill S.; Ko, Clifford (2022). "45. Improving healthcare quality through measurement". In Newman, Mark; Fleisher, Lee; Ko, Clifford; Mythen, Michael (eds.). Perioperative Medicine: Managing for Outcome. Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 649. ISBN 978-0-323-56724-4.
  10. ^ a b Glover, J A. (1 February 2008). "The Incidence of Tonsillectomy in School children". International Journal of Epidemiology. 37 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1093/ije/dym258.
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