Jawharat al-Tawhid
 | |
| Author | Ibrahim al-Laqqani |
|---|---|
| Original title | جوهرة التوحيد |
| Translator | Allie Khalfe |
| Language | Arabic, English |
| Subject | 'Aqida (Islamic creed or faith), Tawhid (Islamic concept of monotheism, oneness of God), and Kalam (Islamic rational or dialectic theology) |
| Publisher | Sunni Publications |
Publication date | 2019 |
| Publication place | Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Cape Town, South Africa |
| Pages | 352 |
| ISBN | 978-9079294312 |
| OCLC | 1181893113 |
Original text | جوهرة التوحيد at Arabic Wikisource |
Jawharat al-Tawhid (Arabic: جوهرة التوحيد, lit. 'The Gem of Monotheism') is a popular didactic poem on the Ash'ari creed,[1] consisting of one hundred and forty-four (144) rajaz verses, authored by the Egyptian Maliki scholar Ibrahim al-Laqqani (d. 1041/1631). It is widely read, studied, and memorized in many Islamic educational institutions throughout the entire Islamic world, including al-Azhar.[2][3][4][5][6] According to Roman Loimeier, this was the basic text in Zanzibar in the late 19th century for advanced students in theology.[7] It is still on the curriculum of Islamic university education in contemporary Daghestan.[8]
Content
[edit]Al-Laqqani's Jawharat al-Tawhid is considered his most celebrated and acclaimed work that summarizes the doctrines of the Ash'ari school of theology,[5] a widely accepted rational framework of Sunni Islam that was endorsed in the Maliki school of law, which is dominant among Muslims in Upper Egypt and throughout Northwest Africa.[Note 1]
The text deals with the divine aspects of creed, such as Allah's names and attributes, prophetology, and revealed creed (al-sam'iyyat),[Note 2] which includes faith in the afterlife.[6] The text also adds additional details on the ranks of the companions and imams, and the five universal legal maxims in Islamic jurisprudence, the foundations of moral philosophy with a little bit of Sufism and etiquette.
Any text that implies similitude, interpret it or entrust (its knowledge to Allah), but seek complete transcendence (tanzīh).[10]
— Ibrahim al-Laqqani, Jawharat al-Tawhid (“Jewel of Divine Oneness”), (verse no. 40)
Sufism
[edit]In the poem (v. 81), Al-Junayd, the shaykh of the Sufis, is evoked as “Abū al-Qāsim”, a leader of the community on a par with Mālik [b. Anas]. Reminiscent of Sufi theory is the exhortation in v. 87 to ask one's soul, i.e. oneself, to account for one's deeds. Fittingly, the poem has also been read and quoted by Sufis such as the Khalwatiyya shaykh and poet Mustafa ibn Kamal al-Din al-Bakri (d. 1162/1749).[5][Note 3]
Commentaries
[edit]Many scholars wrote commentaries and glossaries on this work,[4][11] beginning with the author himself and his own son, 'Abd al-Salam b. Ibrahim al-Laqqani (d. 1078/1667).[3][6]
| Author | Title |
|---|---|
| 'Abd al-Barr al-Ajhuri (d. 1070/1660) | فتح القريب المجيد بشرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| 'Ali ibn Muhammad al-Tamimi (was alive in 1118/1707) | تقريب البعيد إلى جوهرة التوحيد |
| Abu al-Fawz Muhammad al-Halfawi (d. 1127/1715) | حاشية على إتحاف المريد |
| 'Abd-al-Mu'ti ibn Salim al-Simillawi (d. 1127/1715) | شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| 'Ali ibn Khidr ibn Ahmad al-'Amrusi (d. 1173/1760) | حاشية على إتحاف المريد شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Suhaymi (d. 1178/1764) | المزيد على إتحاف المريد شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Ahmad al-Mallawi (d. 1181/1767) | |
| 'Isa al-Barrawi al-Azhari (d. 1182/1768) | حاشية على شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Ahmad al-Jawhari (d. 1182/1768) | Al-Jawahir al-Saniyya[12] (Arabic: الجواهر السنية على شرح العقيدة اللقانية) |
| 'Ali al-'Adawi (d. 1189/1775) | حاشية على شرح الجوهرة للشيخ عبد السلام اللقاني |
| Muhammad al-Amir al-Maliki (d. 1232/1817) | حاشية على إتحاف المريد |
| Muhammad al-Shanawani (d. 1233/1817) | |
| Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sawi (d. 1241/1825) | شرح الصاوي على جوهرة التوحيد |
| Ibrahim al-Bajuri (d. 1277/1860) | Tuhfat al-Murid[7] (Arabic: تحفة المريد شرح جوهرة التوحيد) |
| Ahmad al-Ajhuri al-Darir (d. 1293/1876) | تقريرات الأجهوري على تحفة المريد |
| Muhammad al-Ḥanīfī al-Ḥalabī (d. 1342/1924) | المنهاج السديد في شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Muhammad Māḍi al-Rakhawi (d. 1344/1926) | خلاصة شروح الجوهرة، المسمى: الفريدة في العقيدة |
| Ibrahim al-Marghani (d. 1349/1931) | بغية المريد إلى جوهرة التوحيد |
| Muhammad Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Hamid (d. 1392/1972) | النظام الفريد بتحقيق جوهرة التوحيد |
| Bakri al-Halabi (d. 1400/1980) | هداية المريد إلى جوهرة التوحيد |
| Ibrahim Muhammad Ibrahim Gariba | الرأي السديد في شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Muhammad Sa'id ibn Ahmad | |
| Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Rahim al-Khantumani | |
| Husain 'Alawi al-Falimbani | فتح المجيد في شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Nuh al-Qudah (d. 1432/2010) | المختصر المفيد في شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Omar Abdullah Kamel (d. 1436/2015) | الموجز المفيد من تحفة المريد |
| 'Abd al-Karim Tattan | عون المريد لشرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Mustafa Deeb al-Bugha | شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Jamil Halim al-Husaini | تسهيل المعاني إلى جوهرة اللقاني |
| Hisham ibn Muhammad Hayjar | نثر الدر النضيد بشرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| 'Abd al-Salam Shakir | التعليقات المفيدة على منظومتي جوهرة التوحيد وبدء الأمالي |
| 'Abd al-Salam ibn 'Abd al-Hadi Shannar | فتح المجيد في بيان تحفة المريد على جوهرة التوحيد |
| 'Ali 'Uthman Jaradi[13] | القول السديد شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
| Farid al-Baji | الفيض السديد شرح جوهرة التوحيد |
Translations
[edit]English
[edit]- Ibrahim al-Laqqani; Ibrahim al-Bajuri (2017). The Gift of the Seeker on the Jewel of Divine Unification. Translated by Rami Touqan (1st ed.). Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya. ISBN 9782745180186.[14]
French
[edit]- Ibrahim al-Laqqani; 'Abd al-Salam al-Laqqani; Ibrahim al-Bajuri (1907). La Djaouhara: Traité de théologie par Ibrahim Laqani; avec notes d'Abdesselem et d'El Badjouri; Texte arabe et traduction française par J.-D. Luciani (in French). Translated by Jean-Dominique Luciani (1st ed.). Algiers, Algeria: Imprimerie Orientale, Pierre Fontana. OCLC 69071013.[15]
- Ibrahim al-Laqqani; Ibrahim al-Bajuri (1950). Glose (Hâshiya) sur la Jawharat al-Tawhîd: poème théologique d'Al-Laqânî (in French). Translated by Georges C. Anawati; Louis Gardet (1st ed.). Manouba, Tunisia: M. M. Anawati. OCLC 475674762.[16]
- Ibrahim al-Laqqani; Ibrahim al-Bajuri (2015). La Merveille du Disciple - L'Exégèse du Joyau du Monothéisme (in French). Translated by Mostafa Laazouzi (1st ed.). Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya. ISBN 9782745179104.[17]
Malay
[edit]According to Mohd. Nor bin Ngah, the Malay translation of the Jawharat al-Tawhid belongs to "the most popular and widely used Kitab Jawi," i.e. Islamic theological books in Malay script. Several translations and commentaries in local languages (Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, and Madurese), which are still available in print, testify to its continuing popularity until the present day among Muslims in insular Southeast Asia.[2]
At the end of the nineteenth century, Snouck Hurgronje observed that "a Malay commentary on the Jauharat at-tauhîd (by Ibrâhîm al-Laqânî) after a manuscript written in Sambas" was printed in Mecca.[18]
Spanish
[edit]- Ibrahim al-Laqqani; Ibrahim al-Bajuri (2017). La Maravilla del Discípulo: La Exegesis de "Tesoro del Monoteismo" (in Spanish). Translated by Said Jedidi (1st ed.). Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya. ISBN 9782745187819.[19]
Gallery
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ The Maliki school was represented in the Hijaz and spread to the Arabian Gulf as well as to Upper Egypt and Sudan, Andalusia, and north-west Africa, so that it is now the dominant school in Mauritania, Mali, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.[9]
- ^ The word used here, al-sam'iyyat, refers to all that which can be known only through the Qur'an or Prophetic reports (Hadith) that partake in certainty.
- ^ In one of the first verses of al-Murshid al-Mu'in of Ibn 'Ashir (d. 1040/1631), a didactic poem on religious obligations (prayer, alms, fasting, etc.) and on tasawwuf, al-Junayd is mentioned after the name of Mālik, and thus also evoked as an authority on mysticism.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Ayman Shihadeh; Jan Thiele, eds. (2020). Philosophical Theology in Islam: Later Ashʿarism East and West. Vol. 5 of Islamicate Intellectual History. BRILL. p. 244. ISBN 9789004426610.
Later Ashʿarī scholars such as al-Bājūrī continued to discuss these fine points of technical terminology and the nature of existence when they commented on al-Laqāni's creedal poem Jawharat al-tawhid.
- ^ a b Laila Prager; Michael Prager; Guido Sprenger, eds. (2016). Parts and Wholes: Essays on Social Morphology, Cosmology, and Exchange in Honour of J.D.M. Platenkamp. Vol. 27 of Ethnologie: Forschung und Wissenschaft Series. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 475–476. ISBN 9783643907899.
- ^ a b Sabine Schmidtke, ed. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford University Press. p. 540. ISBN 9780191068782.
- ^ a b Masooda Bano, ed. (2018). Modern Islamic Authority and Social Change, Volume 2: Evolving Debates in the West. Edinburgh University Press. p. 77. ISBN 9781474433280.
- ^ a b c Florian Sobieroj (2016). Variance in Arabic Manuscripts. Vol. 5 of Studies in Manuscript Cultures. Walter de Gruyter. p. 182. ISBN 9783110460001.
- ^ a b c "جوهرة التوحيد لبرهان الدين إبراهيم اللقاني تـ1041هـ". arrabita.ma (in Arabic). Muhammadan League of Religious Scholars. Archived from the original on 3 Jun 2024.
- ^ a b Roman Loimeier (2009). Between Social Skills and Marketable Skills: The Politics of Islamic Education in 20th Century Zanzibar. Vol. 10 of Islam in Africa. BRILL. pp. 188–189. ISBN 9789004175426.
- ^ Vladimir Bobrovnikov; Amir Navruzov; Shamil Shikhaliev (2010). "Islamic education in Soviet and post-Soviet Daghestan". In Michael Kemper; Raoul Motika (eds.). Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States. Central Asian Studies. Routledge. p. 155. ISBN 9781134207305.
- ^ Malise Ruthven (2012). Islam: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. p. 87. ISBN 9780191623905.
- ^ Bilal Brown (ed.). "The Jewel of Belief in One God" (PDF). lote.org.uk. Translated by Haroon Hanif. Lote Tree Foundation.
- ^ Majid Fakhry (2009). Islamic Philosophy: A Beginner's Guide. Beginner's Guides. Oneworld Publications. p. 138. ISBN 9781780740300.
- ^ "Al-Jawāhir al-Sanīyya ʻalá Sharḥ al-ʻAqīda al-Laqānīyya". worldcat.org. WorldCat. Archived from the original on 1 Oct 2024.
- ^ "Al-Qawl al-Sadeed Sharḥ Jawharat al-Tawhid". WorldCat. Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya. Archived from the original on 3 Oct 2024.
- ^ "THE GIFT OF THE SEEKER ON THE JEWEL OF DIVINE UNIFICATION". al-ilmiyah.com. Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya. Archived from the original on 6 Jun 2024.
- ^ "La Djaouhara: traité de théologie". usj.edu.lb. Saint Joseph University of Beirut. Archived from the original on 19 Oct 2024.
- ^ "Glose (Hâshiya) sur la Jawharat al-Tawhîd: poème théologique d'Al-Laqânî". usj.edu.lb. Saint Joseph University of Beirut. Archived from the original on 2 Oct 2024.
- ^ "LA MERVEILLE DU DISCIPLE". al-ilmiyah.com. Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya. Archived from the original on 6 Jun 2024.
- ^ C. Snouck Hurgronje (2006). Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century: Daily Life, Customs and Learning. The Moslims of the East-Indian Archipelago. Vol. 1 of Brill Classics in Islam. Translated by J.H. Monahan with an introduction by Jan Just Witkam. BRILL. p. 307. ISBN 9789047411284.
- ^ "LA MARAVILLA DEL DISCÍPULO". al-ilmiyah.com. Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya. Archived from the original on 6 Jun 2024.
Further reading
[edit]- Florian Sobieroj (2016). "5. Corpus of Didactic Poems: Ibn Zurayq, al-Ūshī, Ibn al-Wardī, al-Laqānī". Variance in Arabic Manuscripts. Studies in Manuscript Cultures. Vol. 5. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110460582. ISBN 9783110460582.
External links
[edit]- Jawharat al-Tawhid (“The Jewel of Belief in One God”), translated in English by Haroon Hanif
- Introduction - Bajuri’s Tuhfat al-Murid ‘ala Jawharat al-Tawhid by Shaykh Faraz Rabbani on YouTube
- Jawhara Tawhid of Imam Al-Laqqani by Shaykh Muhammad Habib Bewley playlist on YouTube
- Jawhara Tawhid with Shaykh Allie Khalfe playlist on YouTube
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
