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July 1922

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July 1, 1922: U.S. railroad workers strike begins as 400,000 walk off the job

The following events occurred in July 1922:

July 1, 1922 (Saturday)

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July 2, 1922 (Sunday)

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  • The derailment of an express train of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad killed seven people and injured 89 at Winslow Junction, New Jersey.[5][6]
  • Louis James, an American aviator and daredevil, was killed in a horrific accident during an airshow while above 5,000 witnesses in Homewood, Illinois. James was attempting to perform the stunt of climbing down a rope ladder from one airplane and onto another when he was struck by the second aircraft. As The New York Times described it, "James and the ladder were thrown squarely into the propeller of the lower ship, a heavy bar of wood turning at 1,500 revolutions to the minute" and was cut to pieces. His mangled body then fell into the crowd.[7]
  • Born: Pierre Cardin, Italian-born French fashion designer, in San Biagio di Callalta, Italy (d. 2020)

July 3, 1922 (Monday)

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July 4, 1922 (Tuesday)

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  • At the Gettysburg Battlefield in Pennsylvania, before 50,000 people, a modern version of the 1863 American Civil War battle was staged by the 5th Regiment and 6th Regiment of the U.S. Marines Fourth Brigade. The Gettysburg Times commented that the war game, presented the day after a re-enactment of the original battle, was "in many respects a simulation of battles fought in the Great World War rather than a reproduction of Pickett's charge", carried out "as the Marines would make it today" with "airplanes, tanks, field artillery, machine guns and Stokes mortars" against a hypothetical U.S. enemy whose troops "had entrenched themselves from the National Cemetery to the Round Tops, including the line which the Union Troops occupied at the time [George] Pickett made his charge."[14]
  • Benny Leonard (ring name for Benjamin Leiner) knocked out Rocky Kansas (Rocco Tozzo) in the eighth round in Michigan City, Indiana to retain boxing's World Lightweight Title.[15][16]
  • American swimmer Sybil Bauer broke four world records for swimming on the same day in one meet at Brighton Beach in Brooklyn, including 200 meters in 3 minutes, 6 4⁄5 seconds.[17]
  • The city of Jacksonville, Florida inaugurated a program it called "rolling courts" to enforce traffic regulations on the city's Atlantic Boulevard. According to The New York Times, "Justices of the Peace and their bailiffs in the districts traversed by the boulevard... and dozens of deputies in motorcycles and in automobiles were ready to pounce upon any driver who endangered traffic. Upon making an arrest, the deputy and his prisoner proceed until they meet one of the 'rolling courts.' The court stops, gives a preliminary hearing and fixes bond for the appearance of the defendant in Criminal Court. Failure to put up cash bond on the spot results in the taking of the prisoner to Public, where he is held in the city jail." [18]
  • A German mail plane flown by German fighter ace Lothar von Richthofen carrying the actress Fern Andra and director Georg Bluen crashed due to engine failure. Richthofen, the 27-year-old younger brother of Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, died but Andra and Bluen survived their injuries.[19]
  • Born: Father Yod (James Edward Baker), American spiritual leader who founded "The Source Family" in Los Angeles in the 1960s and early 1970s; in Cincinnati, Ohio (killed in hang gliding accident, 1975)
  • Died: Jacques Bertillon, 70, French demographer and statistical analyst who created the Bertillon Classification of Causes of Death system used to determine correlations between socioeconomic conditions and types of death

July 5, 1922 (Wednesday)

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July 6, 1922 (Thursday)

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July 7, 1922 (Friday)

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Anatole France

July 8, 1922 (Saturday)

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Lenglen in 1922

July 9, 1922 (Sunday)

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  • All 29 people on the British cargo ship SS El Kahira died when the ship sank in a storm, two days after it had departed from London to reach the French Algerian port of Algiers. A subsequent British inquiry discovered that El Kahira was not seaworthy at the time of its departure, having gone uninspected for two years, lacking a wireless transmitter, powered by defective boilers and having only four of its six lifeboats actually working.[36]
  • U.S. athlete Johnny Weissmuller, who would later become more famous as an actor portraying Tarzan (in 11 films) and Jungle Jim (in 13 films) became the first man to swim 100 metres in less than a minute, covering the distance in 58.6 seconds.[2]
  • The government of France hosted a visit of 27 African tribal leaders who were "sovereigns of various French colonies or protectorates in the Sudan, Senegal, Dahomey, Mauretania and the Ivory and Guinea coasts." The visitors included King Baloum Naha of Togo and King Adadji Abdoukane of Senegal, and each leader was accompanied by two or more wives.[37]
  • The Australasian bent-wing bat was discovered by British naturalist Oriana Wilson, who caught the animal in Australia near the port of Darwin. [38] British zoologist Oldfield Thomas, who first described the bat as a new species, gave it the scientific name Miniopterus orianae in her honor.
  • Born: Sir Phillip Bridges, British lawyer who became Attorney General and later the Chief Justice of the Gambia; in Bedford, Bedfordshire (d. 2007)

July 10, 1922 (Monday)

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Patterson
LaMotta

July 11, 1922 (Tuesday)

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The Hollywood Bowl [42]
  • The Hollywood Bowl amphitheatre had its official opening in Hollywood, California with a performance by the Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra.[43]
  • U.S. President Warren G. Harding intervened in the nationwide railroad strike issued a proclamation and declared that "Whereas, The maintained operation of the railways in interstate commerce and the transportation of the United States mails have necessitated the employment of men who choose to accept employment... and Whereas the peaceful settlement of controversies in accordance with law and due respect for the established agencies of such settlement are essential the security and well-being of our people" all railroad employees and employers were directed "to refrain from all interference with the lawful efforts to maintain interstate transportation and the carrying of the United States mails.[44]
  • The U.S. state of Montana got its first licensed radio station, KFBB out of Great Falls.[45]
  • Born: Jerald terHorst, American journalist and White House press secretary who resigned in protest over President Gerald Ford's pardon of former President Nixon; in Grand Rapids, Michigan (d. 2010)
  • Died: Hans Irvine, 65, Australian vigneron, winemaker and politician

July 12, 1922 (Wednesday)

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July 13, 1922 (Thursday)

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July 14, 1922 (Friday)

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  • French President Alexandre Millerand survived an assassination attempt when anarchist Gustave Bouvet fired two revolver shots at an open carriage that he thought was carrying Millerand. A bystander grabbed Bouvet's arm during the shooting, and a crowd subdued the 23-year-old anarchist.[51][52]
  • The New York Zoo received the first and only platypus in the United States, the only surviving specimen of five that had been brought from Australia by Ellis S. Joseph and Henry Burrell on a journey that had started on May 12. Four of the five animals died before Joseph and Burrell arrived in San Francisco on June 30. The platypus survived only 49 days after its arrival at the zoo, dying on September 1.[53]
  • The Hague economic conference ended without an agreement.[54]
  • Born: Peter Tranchell, British opera, ballet and symphony composer; in Cuddalore, British India (d. 1993)

July 15, 1922 (Saturday)

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July 16, 1922 (Sunday)

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July 17, 1922 (Monday)

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  • The assassins of German Foreign Minister Walter Rathenau on June 24 were cornered by police at hideout in Saaleck Castle near Bad Kösen.[59] Mechanical engineer Hermann Fischer committed suicide. Retired naval officer Erwin Kern was shot and fatally wounded while attempting to flee.[60]
  • In Germany, the Darmstadt Bank of Trade and Industry and the National Bank and merged to create the Danatbank.[61]
  • The signing of "Treaty 11" (the eleventh and final treaty between Canada and the First Nations governments) took place at Fort Liard in Canada's Northwest Territories.
  • The Sheriff of Brooke County, West Virginia, was killed along with six coal miners by gunfire during an attack on the Richland Mining Company's tipple at Cliftonville and the 90-minute gun battle that followed. Sheriff H. H. Duval was shot seven times while leading an attempt to defend the attack.[62]
  • Born: U.S. Air Force General John P. Flynn, the highest-ranking American prisoner of war during the Vietnam War; in Cleveland. As a colonel and fighter pilot, Flynn was shot down on October 27, 1967, and, while a POW at the Hỏa Lò Prison (nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton"), was promoted to brigadier general on May 1, 1971. (d. 1997)

July 18, 1922 (Tuesday)

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July 19, 1922 (Wednesday)

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July 20, 1922 (Thursday)

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July 21, 1922 (Friday)

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  • In response to the assassination of Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau by terrorists, Germany's Reichstag enacted the Law for the Protection of the Republic (Republikschutzgesetz), which outlawed organizations that attempted to undermine the constitutionally established republican form of government. Its scope included the right-wing terror group Organisation Consul, which was responsible for Rathenau's assassination, and authorized the arrest of its members.[72]
  • Film actress ZaSu Pitts filed for bankruptcy.[73]
  • A limited commercial license was issued for operating radio station WIAE, in Vinton, Iowa, to station manager Marie Zimmerman, making WIAE the first radio station owned and operated by a woman.[74]
  • Djemal Pasha, 50, Turkish war criminal and former Ottoman Empire Navy Minister from 1914 to 1918, was assassinated in retaliation for his role in the Armenian genocide. Djemal and two aides were shot to death at Tbilisi, where the three had stopped while traveling from Kabul to Berlin.[75]
  • Born: Mollie Sugden, English TV actress and comedian known for Are You Being Served?; in Keighley, Yorkshire (d. 2009)
  • Died: Swami Turiyananda, 59, Indian Hindu mystic and missionary from India to the United States for the teaching of the Vedanta philosophy

July 22, 1922 (Saturday)

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  • The British Malayan Petroleum Company, which would transform the small sultanate of Brunei into one of the world's wealthiest nations, was formed to drill for oil, which would first be found on April 5, 1929.
  • Germany formally announced the acceptance of a plan for Allied control of German finances in which they would personally supervise almost all the country's financial departments.[76]
  • The Sporting Globe, Australia's national sports newspaper, published its first issue. It would continue for 74 years until discontinuing on September 2, 1996.
  • The 96-year-old Manchester Times, which started in 1828, published its last issue.
  • The U.S. state of Delaware got its first licensed radio station, WHAV in Wilmington.[77]
  • Born: Julia Farron, English ballerina; in London (d. 2019)
  • Died:
    • Jōkichi Takamine, 67, Japanese chemist known for his 1901 isolation of the chemical process for the production epinephrine, the life-saving medication that synthesized the hormone adrenaline.[78]
    • Sara Jeannette Duncan, 60, prolific Canadian novelist who also used the pen name "Mrs. Everard Cotes"
    • Eduardo Zerega (stage name for Edgar E. Hill), 62, American-born entertainer who performed worldwide with his group Zerega's Spanish Troubadours

July 23, 1922 (Sunday)

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July 24, 1922 (Monday)

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July 25, 1922 (Tuesday)

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  • The radio station WBAY went on the air as the first commercial broadcasting station. One author notes that "WBAY's role in the history of radio is beyond its longevity, for it was on the air less than three weeks," [83] but the first to sell airtime for use by any member of the public— $40 for 15 minutes during the day, and $50 for 15 minutes in the evening. Ironically, WBAY's location in the AT&T building in New York City filled its 500-watt broadcast signal with static from the heavy volume of telephone calls and the transmitter closed on August 16, and "never sold a minute of airtime." The staff was then transferred to the existing WEAF station, which sold commercials in August.[83]
  • The Battle of Kilmallock began in County Limerick in Ireland as troops of the Irish Free State army recaptured the city of Limerick from the Irish Republican Army and then moved into the countryside to retake towns from the IRA. The fighting over the next 12 days was one of the largest engagements of the Irish Civil War. IRA forces were gone from County Limerick by August 5.
  • Born: Jim Early, American electrical engineer known for his innovations in transistors; in Syracuse, New York (d. 2004). The "Early effect" ("the variation in the effective width of the base in a bipolar junction transistor due to a variation in the applied base-to-collector voltage") is named for him.

July 26, 1922 (Wednesday)

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  • The Provisional Government of Southern Ireland suspended all sessions of the Dáil Courts, which had been established by Irish nationalists in 1920.
  • The British government rejected a proposal from the United States requesting the right to search British vessels outside the three-mile limit suspected of smuggling liquor into America.[84]
  • American League President Ban Johnson suggested that the baseball trading deadline be moved up to July 1 from August 1 to cut down on lopsided deals like the one recently made between the Red Sox and Yankees.[85]
  • Born:
  • Died: Annie Robe, 56, English-born American stage actress

July 27, 1922 (Thursday)

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July 28, 1922 (Friday)

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July 29, 1922 (Saturday)

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  • Germany's currency, the German mark, hit a new low of less than one-sixth of a penny, or 650 marks to one American dollar.,[90] after starting the day at 600 marks and dropping in value another 8 percent within hours.[91][92] At the same time, the collapse of the currency of one of the former Central Powers of World War One was continuing to spread in Hungary where the korona ("crown") continued its two-week downward slide to drop in value. The crown (originally old Austro-Hungarian Empire notes stamped with a label) had gone from 800 per U.S. dollar to 2,000 per dollar, with commensurate 250 percent price rises in since mid-July.[93]
  • The short animated film Little Red Riding Hood, produced and directed by Walt Disney, was released.
  • Oil was discovered near the small town of Smackover, Arkansas, when the Richardson Number 1 well, located four miles north on the land of Charles Richardson, erupted in a gusher. Within a few months, the town of 100 people had over 25,000 coming in to seek their fortune. By 1930, the population was down to a little more than 2,500.[94]
  • Born:
  • Died: Raphael Morgan, 56, Jamaican-born African American priest of the Eastern Orthodox church

July 30, 1922 (Sunday)

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July 31, 1922 (Monday)

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  • Six diners died of arsenic poisoning, and more than 50 others needed hospital treatment, after having eaten dessert at the Shelburne Restaurant at 1127 Broadway Street in New York.[96] The victims, ranging in age from 17 to 62, were all on lunch break from their jobs. While the baker was initially arrested, he was released after a determination that the arsenic had been in the dough made by another person for the pie crust.[97]
  • Socialist-led unions in Italy held a 24-hour general strike in an effort to pressure Luigi Facta's government to do more to stop Fascist violence. Few workers participated, however, leaving the Socialists discredited and the Fascists even more emboldened.[98]
  • The musical stage comedy Little Nellie Kelly, with music and lyrics by George M. Cohan, premiered at the Tremont Theatre in Boston.[99]
  • The Rex Ingram-directed adventure film The Prisoner of Zenda premiered at the Astor Theatre in New York City.[100]
  • Born:

References

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  1. ^ "Rail Strike On, 90% of Shopmen Out; A Few Trackmen Join, Little Disorder; Trains All Run, Some Delays Here", The New York Times, July 2, 1922, p. 1
  2. ^ a b Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
  3. ^ J. William Harris, Deep Souths: Delta, Piedmont, and Sea Island Society in the Age of Segregation (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001) p. 288
  4. ^ "Six Drowned in Collision" , The New York Times, July 3, 1922, p. 3
  5. ^ "Five Known Dead, Seventy Injured When Atlantic City Train Jumps Track", The New York Times, July 3, 1922, p. 1
  6. ^ Gladulich, Richard M. (1986). By rail to the boardwalk. Glendale, California: Trans Anglo Books. ISBN 0-87046-076-5.
  7. ^ "Propeller Mangles Stunt Artist in Air As He Changes Planes by Rope Ladder", The New York Times, July 3, 1922, p. 1
  8. ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p606 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  9. ^ "Editor Harden, Kaiser's Critic in War, Stabbed". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 4, 1922. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Tageseinträge für 3. Juli 1922". chroniknet. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  11. ^ "Veterans Take Old Position", The Gettysburg (PA) Times, July 5, 1922, p. 1
  12. ^ "$2,400,000 Hold-up of Mails Described; One of 3 Arrested for Truck Robbery Tells All Details in U.S. Court", The New York Times, August 17, 1922, p. 1
  13. ^ "CPI Inflation Calculator", U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
  14. ^ "Modern Battle Waged by Marines Before Immense Throng of People; Tanks, Air Planes, Captive Observation Balloons, Field Artillery, Machine Guns, Stokes Mortars And Infantry Stage Grand Display on Independence Day", The Gettysburg (PA) Times, July 5, 1922, p. 1
  15. ^ "Leonard Puts Out Kansas in Eighth— Challenger's Manager Throws Up Sponge as His Man Reels Helpless and Groggy", The New York Times, July 5, 1922, p. 27
  16. ^ "Benny Leonard". BoxRec. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  17. ^ "Miss Bauer Sets 4 World Records— Makes Backstroke Swimming Marks at 50, 200 and 220 Yards and 200 Meters", The New York Times, July 5, 1922, p. 27
  18. ^ Traffic Courts on Wheels Patrol Florida Boulevard, The New York Times, July 5, 1922, p. 1
  19. ^ "Film Star, Born Here, Dies in German Plane", The New York Times, July 5, 1922, p. 1
  20. ^ "Warships Rout Brazilian Rebels", The New York Times, July 7, 1922, p. 9
  21. ^ "Heroic Rebel Band Wiped Out Near Rio— Forlorn Hope of Twenty-Eight, Sworn to Die Fighting, Shot Down by the Loyalists; Started July 5 by Losers in Presidential Election, It Involved Harbor Defense Troops", The New York Times, July 22, 1922, p. 3
  22. ^ " "Brazilian Jihad: Suicide Attack on Copacabana Beach" Brazzil magazine (April 2000)
  23. ^ "Leading Brazilians Put Under Arrest", The New York Times, July 8, 1922, p. 4
  24. ^ "Last Stronghold in Dublin Gives Up; Burgess Captured— Rebel Leader Refuses to Surender and Is Shot and Severely Wounded", The New York Times, July 6, 1922, p. 1
  25. ^ "1922". Music And History. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  26. ^ "Isolated Upheavals (1922-1939)", in Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present (ABC-CLIO, 1998) p. 637
  27. ^ "Sentence 11 Russia Church Chiefs to Death". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 7, 1922. p. 4.
  28. ^ "Vatican Places Bat on Books of Anatole France". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 8, 1922. p. 3.
  29. ^ "Anatole France's Books Put on the Index; Controversy Expected Over Vatican Ban", The New York Times, July 8, 1922, p. 1
  30. ^ Alan Seaburg, Cambridge on the Charles (Anne Miniver Press, 2001) p. 120
  31. ^ Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver, Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook (Oxford University Press, 2010) p. 961
  32. ^ "Historia y Arqueologia Marítima: La Guerra Civil Parguaya 1922-1923", by Adrian J. English
  33. ^ "Notes on News", The Review of the River Plate (July 14, 1922) p. 85
  34. ^ "Chile Accepts Peru's Tacna-Arica Proposal— Agrees to Fall Back on Our 'Good Offices' if Other Measures Are Unsuccessful", The New York Times, July 9, 1922, p. 5
  35. ^ "Suzanne Again Tennis Queen; Swamps Molla". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 9, 1922. p. 1.
  36. ^ "LOSS OF s.s. "EL KAHIRA."". parliament.uk. 31 July 1923. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  37. ^ "27 African Chiefs On a Visit to Paris— Each of Picturesque Group of Sovereigns of French Colonies Has Two to Five Wives", The New York Times, July 10, 1922, p. 11
  38. ^ "A new Bat of the Genus Miniopterus from N. Australia", by Oldfield Thomas, in Annals and Magazine of Natural History (December 1, 1922)
  39. ^ Gideon Biger, The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840–1947 (Routledge, 2004) p. 181
  40. ^ "Patterson Wins Title in Wimledon Singles". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 11, 1922. p. 17.
  41. ^ "Joe Lynch". BoxRec. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  42. ^ attribution: Grant Berg
  43. ^ "Hollywood Bowl History"
  44. ^ "Harding Proclaims Trains Must Run, Warns Strikers Not to Interfere", The New York Times, July 12, 1922, p. 1
  45. ^ "AM Broadcasting History – Various Articles". Jeff Miller Web Pages. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  46. ^ Genelkurmay, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, p. 55.
  47. ^ Henning, Arthur Sears (July 13, 1922). "Kings Asks New Canadian-U.S. Arms Treaty". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  48. ^ "Berlin Asks for Moratorium to Cover 3 Years". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. July 12, 1922. p. 1.
  49. ^ "8 Children Killed as Shell Explodes— Group Playing Croquet Is Wiped Out When "Dud" Is Set Off in Yard at Watertown", The New York Times, July 13, 1922, p. 1
  50. ^ Steele, Robert (July 14, 1922). "Bank of England Reduced Rate to Pre-War Figure". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 11.
  51. ^ Gibbons, Floyd (July 15, 1922). "President of France Escapes Red Assassin". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 3.
  52. ^ "Rulers Congratulate Millerand on Escape— Young Anarchist Who Shot at Prefect Is in an Advanced Stage of Tuberculosis", The New York Times, July 16, 1922, p. 5
  53. ^ "Transporting the Platypus— Australian Collector's Effort", Adelaide (South Australia) Evening Journal, April 7, 1923, p. 5
  54. ^ Hullinger, Edwin (July 14, 1922). "Russians Quit Hague Parley". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  55. ^ Robert A. Scalapino, The Japanese Communist Movement 1920-1966 (University of California Press, 1967) p. 18
  56. ^ Lyttelton, Adrian (2004). The Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy, 1919–1929. New York: Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-135-77135-5.
  57. ^ "Fascisti Seize Italian Towns— Populations Hail Them as Liberators From Terror of Red Domination", The New York Times, July 16, 1922, p. 17
  58. ^ "Events in Telecommunications History", BT Archives, British Telecom
  59. ^ "Rathenau Slayers, at Bay in Castle, Kill Themselves", The New York Times, July 19, 1922, p. 1
  60. ^ Winkler, Heinrich August (2006). Germany: The Long Road West, Volume 1: 1789–1933. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 380. ISBN 978-0-19-926597-8.
  61. ^ "Tageseinträge für 17. Juli 1922". chroniknet. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  62. ^ "Seven Killed in Attack on a Non-Union Mine— Battle in West Virginia; 300 Men Attack and Fire Cliftonville Tipple in Raid at Dawn", The New York Times, July 18, 1922, p. 1
  63. ^ Hicks, Pamela (2012). Daughter of Empire: My Life as a Mountbatten. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4767-3382-1.
  64. ^ Klotter, James C. (1996). Kentucky: Portrait in Paradox, 1900–1950. Kentucky Historical Society. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-916968-24-3.
  65. ^ "Italian Cabinet Out; Beaten in Chamber", The New York Times, July 20, 1922, p. 1
  66. ^ Pierce O'Callaghan, " "Presidents of Irish Athletics 1884–2012" (2012)
  67. ^ Annual Report of the Board of Penitentiary Commissioners for the 11th Fiscal Year 1923 (New Mexico State Penitentiary Board of Commissioners, 1924) pp.1–2
  68. ^ Martin, Lawrence; Reed, John (2007). The Treaties of Peace, 1919–1923, Volume 1. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. xv. ISBN 978-1-58477-708-3.
  69. ^ "Waterford Falls, Limerick Also— Irish Irregulars Driven Out of Both Strongholds by Steady Attacks of Free Staters", The New York Times, July 22, 1922, p. 3
  70. ^ "Free State Guns Batter Waterford— Heavy Bombardment of the City Begun From Across the River by Irish National Force", The New York Times, July 21, 1922, p. 1
  71. ^ a b c "July 1922". Dublin City University. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  72. ^ Sabrow, Martin (8 February 2010). "Organisation Consul (O.C.), 1920–1922". Historisches Lexikon Bayerns. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  73. ^ "ZaSu Pitts, Film Star, Bankrupt; in Debt $2,830.90". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 22, 1922. p. 3.
  74. ^ Von Lackum, Karl C. (October 14, 1922). "Vinton Boasts Only Broadcasting Station in U.S. Owned By Woman". Waterloo Evening Courier. Waterloo, Iowa. p. 7.
  75. ^ "Djemal Pasha, Fugitive, Assassinated in Tiflis; Condemned as Author of Armenian Massacres", The New York Times, July 26, 1922, p. 12
  76. ^ "Allies to Have Finger in All German Finance". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 23, 1922. p. 5.
  77. ^ "Broadcasters Operate in All States Except Wyoming". Early Radio History. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  78. ^ "Jokichi Takamine, Noted Chemist Dies— Japanese Who Discovered Adrenalin and Takadiastase Had Been Ill Two Years", The New York Times, July 23, 1922, p. 19
  79. ^ "1922 Boston Red Sox Trades and Transactions". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  80. ^ "Joe Dugan". SABR Baseball Biography Project. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  81. ^ Vaughan, Irving (July 26, 1922). "Red Sox-Yank Trades Arouse Fans of Nation". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 15.
  82. ^ "Chronology 1922". indiana.edu. 2002. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  83. ^ a b "WBAY", in The Airwaves of New York: Illustrated Histories of 156 AM Stations in the Metropolitan Area, 1921-1996, by Bill Jaker, Frank Sulek and Peter Kanze (McFarland, 2015) p.38
  84. ^ Wales, Henry (July 27, 1922). "British Refuse U. S. Search of Ships at Sea". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 7.
  85. ^ "Yank-Sox Deal Topic Today of League Moguls". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 27, 1922. p. 13.
  86. ^ "Escapes and Executions", Oriel Centre Dundalk Gaol website
  87. ^ Richard J Evans: The Coming of the Third Reich. A History, 2004, S. 181; Joachim Fest: Hitler, 2002, S. 160 und 225.
  88. ^ "Latvia Acclaims Our Recognition— Riga Makes Holiday in Celebration—Capt. E.E. Young Named American Minister", The New York Times, July 29, 1922, p. 4
  89. ^ "Ontario Plans New $100,000,000 Niagara Plant". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 29, 1922. p. 3.
  90. ^ "Marks Sink Again; 650 to the Dollar". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. July 29, 1922. p. 1.
  91. ^ "German Mark Drops to 600 to the Dollar; Hysteria Mingles With Berlin's Pessimism", by Cyril Brown, The New York Times, July 30, 1922, p. 1
  92. ^ "Germans Near Panic as Mark Collapses— Crowds Storm Stores in Eagerness to Buy Before Prices Go Higher", The New York Times, July 31, 1922, p. 3
  93. ^ "Bread 250 Crowns a Loaf in Hungarian Money Drop", The New York Times, July 31, 1922, p. 1
  94. ^ Arkansas Museum of Natural Resources brochure
  95. ^ Doherty, Ed (July 31, 1922). "Marilyn Now a Pickford, Wed in Movieland". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  96. ^ "Three Die, 100 Poisoned by Arsenic in Cafe Food", The Evening World, August 1, 1922, p. 1 (New York)
  97. ^ "Six Deaths Result From Arsenic Pie— Malice, Say Officials, Caused Poisoning of Threescore in Broadway Restaurant", The New York Times, August 2, 1922, p. 1
  98. ^ Clark, Martin (2014). Mussolini. New York: Routledge. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-317-89840-5.
  99. ^ The Stage Year Book 1921–1925 (Carson & Comerford, Ltd., 1925), p. 172.
  100. ^ Holston, Kim R. (2013). Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7864-6062-5.