Kemune
  Shown within Iraq | |
| Location | Nineveh Governorate, Iraq |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 36°46′7″N 42°43′55″E / 36.76861°N 42.73194°E |
| Type | settlement |
| History | |
| Founded | circa 1600 BC |
| Abandoned | Middle 2nd millennium BC |
| Periods | Bronze Age |
| Cultures | Mitanni period |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 2018, 2022 |
| Archaeologists | Hasan Ahmed Qasim, Ivana Puljiz, Peter Pfälzner |
| Condition | Ruined |
| Ownership | Public |
| Public access | No |
Kemune (thought to be the ancient city of Zakhiku)[1] is an archaeological site discovered during a low water level in the reservoir of the Mosul Dam in the Nineveh Governorate, part of the Kurdistan region of Iraq in 2013.[2] The Mitanni era city was destroyed by an earthquake around 1350 BC.[3][4]
Archaeology
[edit]The site was first excavated by German and Kurdish archaeologists in Autumn 2018. The excavation was led by Ivana Puljiz of the University of Tübingen. The work concentrated on the remains of the palace. Ten Mitanni-era tablets were discovered.[5] In 2021 extremely low water levels in the reservoir, due to a severe drought, again exposed the site. In January and February 2022 the Kurdistan Archaeology Organization and University of Tübingen conducted additional emergency rescue excavations. In addition to mapping the majority of the site, about 100 cuneiform tablets were recovered. The tablets date from the early Middle Assyrian period, just after the destruction of the city by an earthquake. The site has now again flooded.[6]
The site held a palace constructed on the banks of the Tigris River during the days of the Mitanni Empire rule over Assyria.[7] The remains of the palace conserved to a height of about seven meters. According to Dr. Ivana Puljiz, the two usage phases are clearly noticeable, indicating that the building has been in use for a very long time. Archaeologists unearthed several rooms inside the palace and partially reviewed eight of them. They also uncovered big, fired bricks that were used as floor slabs in some places. Ten cuneiform clay tablets belonged to Mittani people and were translated by Betina Faist of Heidelberg University. According to one of the tablets, Kemune was probably the ancient city of Zakhiku.[8] Well-preserved wall paintings were also found in some rooms, which are two meters thick and more than two meters high.[9]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Dwindling water levels reveal another surprise: An ancient lost city". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
- ^ Sconzo, Paola, Francesca Simi, and Andrea Titolo, "Drowned Landscapes: The Rediscovered Archaeological Heritage of the Mosul Dam Reservoir", Bulletin of the American Society of Overseas Research 389.1, pp. 165-189, 2023
- ^ "Archaeologists uncover palace of the Mittani Empire in the Duhok province of the Kurdistan Region/ Iraq". Eberhard Karls University Tübingen. 27 June 2019.
- ^ Titolo, Andrea (January 2021). "Use of Time-Series NDWI to Monitor Emerging Archaeological Sites: Case Studies from Iraqi Artificial Reservoirs". Remote Sensing. 13 (4): 786. doi:10.3390/rs13040786. hdl:11573/1554642. ISSN 2072-4292.
- ^ Puljiz, Ivana, et al., (2019). "A New Mittani Centre On the Middle Tigris (Kurdistan Region): Report On the 2018 Excavations At Kemune", in: Zeitschrift Für Orient-Archäologie 12, pp. 10-43.
- ^ Tübingen, University of. "A 3,400-year-old city emerges from the Tigris River". phys.org. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
- ^ "Ancient palace emerges from drought-hit Iraq reservoir". CNN.com. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
- ^ [1]de Martino, Stefano, "The Mittanian Cuneiform Documents: The Interplay between Content, Language, Material, Format, and Sealing Practices", The Ancient World Revisited: Material Dimensions of Written Artefacts 37, pp. 207-219, 2024
- ^ Nield, David. "Archaeologists at Tigris Uncover Grand Palace Ruins of a Mysterious Ancient Empire". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
| Countries |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Cities | ||
| Tributaries |
| |
| Dams | ||