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Keyboard Sonata, K. 141 (Scarlatti)

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Keyboard Sonata, K. 141
Sonata by Domenico Scarlatti
Domenico Scarlatti in 1738
KeyD minor
Opus141
Scoringharpsichord

The Keyboard Sonata in D minor, K. 141, is a solo keyboard sonata written for harpsichord by the Italian composer Domenico Scarlatti. The sonata is characterised by fast repeated notes throughout,[1] which makes it generally difficult to play.[2] Because of its virtuosity, the piece is also described as a toccata.[3] The piece contains many idioms characteristic of Scarlatti, such as hand crossing,[4] a technique most closely associated with the composer.[5] The piece is in D minor, which is Scarlatti's most used minor key. Scarlatti's sonata shows a Spanish influence, especially of Spanish dance music with guitar technique and syncopated rhythms.[4]

Form

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Despite the name, the overwhelming majority of Scarlatti's keyboard sonatas (including the Sonata K. 141) are not in sonata form, as they were written before sonata form was developed/codified.[6] The sonata has one movement in binary form; its time signature is 3
8
.

Score

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\version "2.18.2"
\header {
  tagline = ##f
}

% thèmes
temaRep = { \repeat unfold 6 { d16 } \repeat unfold 6 { f } \repeat unfold 6 { e } \repeat unfold 6 { d } \repeat unfold 6 { e } \repeat unfold 6 { a }
  % ms. 7
  d16 bes a g f e | f g a d, e cis }
temaBass = { < d g a d >8 r8 r8 | q r8 r8 | < a' cis e a >8 r8 r8 | < bes cis d g >8 r8 r8 | < a d e a >8 r8 r8 |
   % ms. 6
   < f a d >8 r8 r8 | < g bes d g >8 r8 r8 | < a d f >4 < a e' g >8 }
temaBassG = { < d g a d >8 r8 r8 | q r8 r8 | < a' d e a >8 r8 r8 | < bes d g >8 r8 r8 | < a d e a >8 r8 r8 |
   % ms. 6
   < f a d >8 r8 r8 | < g bes d g >8 r8 r8 | < a d f >4 < a e' g >8 }

% petites notes
trillD = { \tag #'print { d8.\trill } \tag #'midi { e32 d e d~ d } }
trillG = { \tag #'print { g8.\trill } \tag #'midi { a32 g a g~ g } }

upper = \relative c'' {
  \clef treble 
  \key d \minor
  \time 3/8
  \tempo 4. = 80
  % \tempo 8 = 210
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"

  s8*0^"Allegro" \temaRep | d16 bes a g f e { \relative c' \temaRep } | d4. | \repeat unfold 2 { a''4.~ | a16 e cis a g' e } | 
  % ms. 23
  a4. | bes16 g d bes g bes | g'4. | a16 f c a f a | 
  % ms. 27
  f'4. | g16 e c g e g | e'4. | f16 d a f d f | f' e d c bes a | 
  % ms. 32
  bes'16 a g f e d | \repeat unfold 2 { cis16 d \trillD cis32 d | e f g16 \trillG f32 g } | 
  % ms. 37
  a16 e cis a e cis | \change Staff = "lower" a16 e cis a e cis | \tempo 8 = 130  a4.

}

lower = \relative c {
  \clef bass
  \key d \minor
  \time 3/8
  \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord"

    % **************************************
    \temaBass | << { d8 } \\ { d,4 s8 } >>
    \relative c, \temaBassG < d, d' >4.
    % ms. 19
    \repeat unfold 2 { a'''16 f d a f d | a4. }
    a''16 f d a f d | g,4.
    g''16 e c g e c | f,4.
    f''16 d bes f d bes | e,4.
    e''16 cis a e cis a | d,4.
    << { d''4. | \repeat unfold 5 { g4. } a8 } \\ { d,,8 e f | g a bes | \repeat unfold 4 { a8 bes4 } a8 } >>
    s4
    s4. | s4.

}

thePianoStaff = \new PianoStaff <<
    \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Clav."
    \new Staff = "upper" \upper
    \new Staff = "lower" \lower
  >>

\score {
  \keepWithTag #'print \thePianoStaff
  \layout {
      #(layout-set-staff-size 17)
    \context {
      \Score
     \override SpacingSpanner.common-shortest-duration = #(ly:make-moment 1/2)
      \remove "Metronome_mark_engraver"
    }
  }
}

\score {
  \keepWithTag #'midi \thePianoStaff
  \midi { }
}

Beginning of the sonata in D minor, K. 141, by Domenico Scarlatti.

References

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  1. ^ "Cembalo-Klassiker im Dialog". Deutschlandfunk (in German). 24 June 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  2. ^ "Sonata in D minor, K. 141 (Domenico Scarlatti)". pianolibrary.org. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  3. ^ Cummins, Robert. Domenico Scarlatti: Keyboard Sonata in D minor, K. 141 (L. 422) at AllMusic
  4. ^ a b Lee, Jiin (2015). Technical innovations in selected keyboard works of Scarlatti, Mozart, and Schumann (Doctor of Musical Arts thesis). University of Alabama Institutional Repository. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  5. ^ Yearsley, David (2002). "The Awkward Idiom: Hand-Crossing and the European Keyboard Scene around 1730". Early Music. 30 (2): 225–235. doi:10.1093/em/XXX.2.225. ISSN 0306-1078. JSTOR 3519244.
  6. ^ Lee, Ji-Eun (February 2000). A comparison of the keyboard sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti and Antonio Soler (Masters thesis). University of Cape Town. hdl:11427/7844.

Further reading

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