LGBT rights in Antarctica
LGBT rights in Antarctica | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Status | Varies |
| Family rights | |
| Recognition of relationships | Same-sex marriage since 2016 (British Antarctic Territory) |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Antarctica may experience different rights depending on their nationality.
As Antarctica has no resident human population, the human presence there is limited to short-term research or sporting expeditions. The Antarctic Treaty System provides that all legal rights in Antarctica are governed by those of the person's home nation, and do not change based on which country's Antarctic territorial claim the person happens to be present in at any given time.[1][2]
Antarctica scored 100/100 on the Equality Index published by Equaldex.[3]
Same-sex marriage
[edit]Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made territorial claims in Antarctica, all of which recognize same-sex marriage. Practical options for achieving this may vary by location.
On 13 October 2016, an ordinance was proclaimed by Commissioner Peter Hayes that allowed people of the same sex to marry in the British Antarctic Territory.[4][5] Marriages are solemnised by marriage officers, who are appointed by the Commissioner, at "any place that the marriage officer considers suitable", either within the territory or on board a ship within territorial waters.[6]
The first same-sex marriage in the territory took place on 24 April 2022 between Eric Bourne and Stephen Carpenter on board RRS Sir David Attenborough near the Rothera Research Station on Adelaide Island.[7] The first lesbian marriage occurred on 14 February 2023 between Sarah and June Snyder-Kamen at Bongrain Point, Pourquoi Pas Island.[8]
It is possible (though rare) to marry in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, and the civil code of France applies.[9] France has recognized same-sex marriage since 2013.[10]
Public expression
[edit]Public expression of support for LGBT causes is not restricted, outside of national laws which may affect citizens of certain countries.
In 2016, advocacy group Planting Peace traveled across Antarctica with a pride flag as a symbolic gesture. The organization proclaimed Antarctica "the world's first LGBT-friendly continent".[11][12] Polar Pride is an annual LGBT pride event on November 18th, held in Antarctica since 2018.[13] In 2022, transgender mountain climber Erin Parisi planted a transgender flag on the top of Vinson Massif, Antarctica's tallest peak.[14] Also in 2022, what is believed to be the first all-LGBT expedition cruise to Antarctica took place.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ "Research Guides: Guide to Law Online: Antarctica: Judicial". Research Guides at Library of Congress. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- ^ Rousseau, Bryant (28 September 2016). "Cold Cases: Crime and Punishment in Antarctica". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Antarctica". Equaldex. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- ^ "The Marriage Ordinance 2016" (PDF). gov.uk. 13 October 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016.
- ^ "Review of British Antarctic Territory legislation: changes to the marriage and registration ordinances". gov.uk. 19 October 2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016.
- ^ "Getting married in Antarctica". gov.uk. 20 October 2016. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017.
- ^ "First same-sex marriage held in British Antarctic Territory as research ship's crew tie the knot". Sky News. 25 April 2022.
- ^ "Couple make history in first female same-sex wedding on British Antarctic Territory". Sky News. 26 February 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ Aumond, Florian; Choquet, Anne; Chan-Tung, Ludovic; Lavorel, Sabine (7 November 2023). "Les Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, ces territoires dont vous n'avez probablement jamais entendu parler". Slate.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- ^ "France marks five-year anniversary of same-sex marriage". France 24. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- ^ Nichols, James Michael (22 March 2016). "Antarctica Was Just Declared 'The World's First LGBT-Friendly Continent'". HuffPost. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- ^ Cooper, Mariah (23 March 2016). "Antarctica is 'The World's First LGBT-Friendly Continent'". Washington Blade: LGBTQ News, Politics, LGBTQ Rights, Gay News. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- ^ Haug, Oliver (19 November 2021). "Antarctica just celebrated its biggest Polar Pride ever". Xtra Magazine. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ^ Cloos, Kassondra (27 January 2022). "Climber Erin Parisi Accomplished a First for Transgender Athletes". Shape. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
- ^ "VACAYA makes history w/ first all LGBT+ Antarctica expedition cruise". Seatrade Cruise News. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2024.