List of Gato-class submarines

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List of Gato-class submarines and their dispositions. 77 of these boats were built during World War II, commissioned from November 1941 through April 1944.[1] The class was very successful in sinking Japanese merchant ships and naval vessels: the top three US submarines in tonnage sunk were Gatos, along with three of the top seven in number of ships sunk.[2] But success had a price: 20 of the 52 US submarines lost in that war were of this class, plus Halibut, a damaged boat that returned to the US but was considered a constructive total loss and not repaired.[1][3] Although many of the class were in reserve postwar and scrapped in 1959-1960, some Gatos served actively with the US Navy into the late 1960s, and others served with foreign navies into the early 1970s.

SS-361 through SS-364 were initially ordered as Balao-class, and were assigned hull numbers that fall in the middle of the range of numbers for the Balao class (SS-285 through SS-416 & SS-425–426).[4] Thus, in some references they are listed with that class. However, they were completed by Manitowoc as Gatos, due to an unavoidable delay in Electric Boat's development of Balao-class drawings. Manitowoc was a follow yard to Electric Boat, and was dependent on them for designs and drawings.[1][5]

Abbreviations[edit]

Abbreviations and hull classification symbols for postwar redesignations/conversions:

  • AGSS — auxiliary submarine (various roles including sonar testing)
  • APSS/LPSS — amphibious transport submarine
  • FS — "fleet snorkel" conversion, including a snorkel and streamlined sail[6]
  • G IB — GUPPY IB conversion, including a snorkel, streamlined sail, and improved batteries
  • IXSS — unclassified submarine
  • PT — pierside trainer for naval reservists, reportedly immobilized by removing the propellers[7][8][9]
  • SSG — guided missile submarine
  • SSK — hunter-killer submarine
  • SSO/AOSS — submarine oiler conversion
  • SSR — radar picket submarine
  • Struck — Struck (deleted) from the Naval Vessel Register, usually followed by scrapping or other final disposal

Ships in class[edit]

Construction data
Ship name Hull no. Builder Laid down Launched Comm./​Recomm. Decomm. Fate
Gato SS-212 Electric Boat Company, Groton, Connecticut 5 Oct 1940 21 Aug 1941 31 Dec 1941 16 Mar 1946 PT 1952-1960; struck 1 Mar 1960, sold for scrap[10]
1952 1 Mar 1960
Greenling SS-213 12 Nov 1940 20 Sep 1941 21 Jan 1942 16 Oct 1946 PT 1946-1960; struck 1 Mar 1960, sold for scrap[10]
December 1946 1 Mar 1960
Grouper SS-214 28 Dec 1940 27 Oct 1941 12 Feb 1942 2 Dec 1968 SSK Jan 1951; AGSS 21 Jun 1958; struck 2 Dec 1968, sold for scrap[10]
Growler SS-215 10 Feb 1941 22 Nov 1941 20 Mar 1942 — Lost to Japanese surface attack, 8 Nov 1944[10][11]
Grunion SS-216 1 Mar 1941 22 Dec 1941[1] 11 Apr 1942 Lost to unknown cause, possibly rammed by Japanese merchant ship, 30 Jul 1942[10][12][13]
Guardfish SS-217 1 Apr 1941 20 Jan 1942 8 May 1942 25 May 1946 PT 1948-1960; struck 1 Jun 1960, sold for scrap[10]
18 Jun 1948 1 Jun 1960
Albacore SS-218 21 Apr 1941 17 Feb 1942 1 Jun 1942 — Lost to Japanese mine, 7 Nov 1944[10][14]
Amberjack SS-219 15 May 1941 6 Mar 1942[1] 19 Jun 1942 Lost, possibly to Japanese surface attack, 16 Feb 1943[10][15]
Barb SS-220 7 Jun 1941 2 Apr 1942 8 Jul 1942 12 Feb 1947 G IB 1954, transferred to Italy as Enrico Tazzoli 1954; returned to US and sold for scrap 15 Oct 1972[10]
3 Dec 1951 5 Feb 1954
3 Aug 1954 13 Dec 1954
Blackfish SS-221 1 Jul 1941 18 Apr 1942 22 Jul 1942 11 May 1946 PT 1949-1954; struck 1 Sep 1958, sold for scrap[10]
5 May 1949 19 May 1954
Bluefish SS-222 5 Jun 1942 21 Feb 1943 24 May 1943 12 Feb 1947 Struck 1 Sep 1958, sold for scrap 4 May 1959[1][10]
7 Jan 1952 20 Nov 1953
Bonefish SS-223 25 Jun 1942 7 Mar 1943 31 May 1943 — Lost to Japanese surface attack, 18 Jun 1945[1][10]
Cod SS-224 21 Jul 1942 21 Mar 1943 21 Jun 1943 22 Jun 1946 PT 1960-1971, AGSS 1 Dec 1962, IXSS 30 Jun 1971, struck 15 Dec 1971. Museum ship currently moored in Cleveland, Ohio's North Coast Harbor at the USS Cod Submarine Memorial since 1 May 1976.[10][16]
1 May 1960 15 Dec 1971
Cero SS-225 24 Aug 1942 4 Apr 1943 4 Jul 1943 8 Jun 1946 PT 1959-1967; struck 30 Jun 1967, sold for scrap October 1970[1][10]
4 Feb 1952 23 Dec 1953
12 Sep 1959 30 Jun 1967
Corvina SS-226 21 Sep 1942 9 May 1943 6 Aug 1943 — Lost to Japanese submarine attack, 16 Nov 1943[1][10]
Darter SS-227 20 Oct 1942 6 Jun 1943 7 Sep 1943 Lost to accidental grounding, 24 Oct 1944[1][10]
Drum SS-228 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine 11 Sep 1940 12 May 1941 1 Nov 1941 16 Feb 1946 PT 1947-1968, AGSS 1 Dec 1962; struck 30 Jun 1968, memorial in Mobile, Alabama[10][17]
18 Mar 1947 30 Jun 1968
Flying Fish SS-229 6 Dec 1940 9 Jul 1941 10 Dec 1941 28 May 1954 AGSS 29 Nov 1950; struck 1 Aug 1958, sold for scrap 1 May 1959[10]
Finback SS-230 5 Feb 1941 25 Aug 1941 31 Jan 1942 21 Apr 1950 Struck 1 Sep 1958, sold for scrap 15 Jul 1959[10]
Haddock SS-231 31 Mar 1941 20 Oct 1941 14 Mar 1942 12 Feb 1947 PT 1948-1952, 1956-1960; struck 1 Jun 1960, sold for scrap 23 Aug 1960[10]
August 1948 May 1952
June 1956 1 Jun 1960
Halibut SS-232 16 May 1941 3 Dec 1941 10 Apr 1942 18 Jul 1945 Constructive total loss following Japanese air attack 14 Nov 1944, returned to US but not repaired, struck 8 May 1946, sold for scrap 9 Dec 1946[10][18]
Herring SS-233 14 Jul 1941 5 Jan 1942 4 May 1942 — Lost to Japanese shore batteries, 1 Jun 1944[1][10]
Kingfish SS-234 29 Aug 1941 2 Mar 1942 20 May 1942 9 Mar 1946 PT 1947-1960; struck 1 Mar 1960, sold for scrap 6 Oct 1960[19]
6 Oct 1947 1 Mar 1960
Shad SS-235 24 Oct 1941 15 Apr 1942 12 Jun 1942 1947 PT 1948-1960; struck 1 Apr 1960, sold for scrap 11 Jul 1960[19]
October 1947 1 Apr 1960
Silversides SS-236 Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California 4 Nov 1940 26 Aug 1941 15 Dec 1941 17 Apr 1946 PT 1947-1969, AGSS 1 Dec 1962; struck 30 Jun 1969, memorial in Chicago, Illinois 1973-1987, memorial in Muskegon, Michigan 1987-present[19][20]
15 Oct 1947 30 Jun 1969
Trigger SS-237 1 Feb 1941 22 Oct 1941 31 Jan 1942 — Lost to Japanese surface attack, 28 Mar 1945[1][19]
Wahoo SS-238 28 Jun 1941 14 Feb 1942 15 May 1942 Lost to Japanese air attack, 11 Oct 1943[1][19]
Whale SS-239 28 Jun 1941 14 Mar 1942 1 Jun 1942 1 Jun 1946 PT 1957-1960; struck 1 Mar 1960, sold for scrap 14 Oct 1960[19]
22 Jan 1957 1 Mar 1960
Angler SS-240 Electric Boat Company, Groton, Connecticut 9 Nov 1942 4 Jul 1943 1 Oct 1943 2 Feb 1947 SSK 18 Feb 1953, SS 15 Aug 1959, AGSS 1 Jul 1963, IXSS 30 Jun 1971, PT 1968-1971; struck 15 Dec 1971, sold for scrap 1 Feb 1974[19]
2 Apr 1951 10 Nov 1952
10 Sep 1953 1 Apr 1968
1 Apr 1968 15 Dec 1971
Bashaw SS-241 4 Dec 1942 25 Jul 1943 25 Oct 1943 29 Jun 1949 SSK 18 Feb 1953, SS 15 Aug 1959, AGSS 1 Sep 1962; struck 13 Sep 1969, sold for scrap 4 Aug 1972 (some sources state sunk as target)[19][21][22]
3 Apr 1951 10 May 1952
28 Mar 1953 13 Sep 1969
Bluegill SS-242 7 Dec 1942 8 Aug 1943 11 Nov 1943 1 Mar 1946 SSK 18 Feb 1953, SS 15 Aug 1959, AGSS 1 Apr 1966; struck 28 Jun 1969, scuttled off Hawaii 3 Dec 1970, wreck used for salvage training, towed to deep water and sunk with honors 6 Nov 1983[19][23]
3 May 1951 7 Jul 1952
2 May 1953 28 Jun 1969
Bream SS-243 5 Feb 1943 17 Oct 1943 24 Jan 1944 31 Jan 1946 SSK 18 Feb 1953, SS 15 Aug 1959, AGSS 15 Apr 1965; struck 28 Jun 1969, sunk as target 7 Nov 1969[19]
5 Jun 1951 10 Sep 1952
20 Jun 1953 28 Jun 1969
Cavalla SS-244 4 Mar 1943 14 Nov 1943 29 Feb 1944 16 Mar 1946 SSK 18 Feb 1953, SS 15 Aug 1959, AGSS 1 Jul 1963, PT 1968-1969; struck 30 Dec 1969, memorial in Galveston, Texas[19][24]
10 Apr 1951 3 Sep 1952
15 Jul 1953 3 Jun 1968
3 Jun 1968 30 Dec 1969
Cobia SS-245 17 Mar 1943 28 Nov 1943 29 Mar 1944 22 May 1946 PT 1959-1970, AGSS 1 Dec 1962; struck 1 Jul 1970, memorial in Manitowoc, Wisconsin[19][25]
6 Jul 1951 19 Mar 1954
12 Sep 1959 1 Jul 1970
Croaker SS-246 1 Apr 1943 19 Dec 1943 21 Apr 1944 15 Jun 1946 SSK 9 Apr 1953, SS 15 Aug 1959, AGSS 1 May 1967, IXSS 30 Jun 1971, PT 1968-1971; struck 20 Dec 1971, memorial in Groton, CT 1977-1987, memorial in Buffalo, New York 1988-present[19][26]
7 May 1951 18 Mar 1953
11 Dec 1953 2 Apr 1968
2 Apr 1968 20 Dec 1971
Dace SS-247 22 Jul 1942 25 Apr 1943 23 Jul 1943 12 Feb 1947 G IB 1955, transferred to Italy as Leonardo da Vinci 1955; returned to US and sold for scrap 15 Oct 1972[19]
8 Aug 1951 15 Jan 1954
22 Oct 1954 31 Jan 1955
Dorado SS-248 27 Aug 1942 23 May 1943 28 Aug 1943 — Lost, probably to "friendly fire" air attack or German mine off Panama, 12 Oct 1943[19][27]
Flasher SS-249 30 Sep 1942 20 Jun 1943 25 Sep 1943 16 Mar 1946 Struck 1 Jun 1959, sold for scrap 8 Jun 1963, conning tower preserved as memorial in Groton, Connecticut[19]
Flier SS-250 30 Oct 1942 11 Jun 1943 18 Oct 1943 — Lost to Japanese mine, 13 Aug 1944[19]
Flounder SS-251 5 Dec 1942 22 Aug 1943 29 Nov 1943 12 Feb 1947 Struck 1 Jun 1959, sold for scrap 2 Feb 1960[19]
Gabilan SS-252 5 Jan 1943 19 Sep 1943 28 Dec 1943 23 Feb 1946 Struck 1 Jun 1959, sold for scrap 11 Jan 1960[19]
Gunnel SS-253 27 Jul 1941 17 May 1942 20 Aug 1942 18 May 1946 Struck 1 Sep 1958, sold for scrap December 1959[28]
Gurnard SS-254 2 Sep 1941 1 Jun 1942 18 Sep 1942 27 Nov 1945 PT 1949-1960; struck 1 May 1961, sold for scrap 29 Oct 1961[28]
April 1949 June 1960
Haddo SS-255 1 Oct 1941 21 Jun 1942 9 Oct 1942 16 Feb 1946 Struck 1 Aug 1958, sold for scrap 4 May 1959[28]
Hake SS-256 1 Nov 1941 17 Jul 1942 30 Oct 1942 13 Jul 1946 PT 1956-1968, AGSS 1 Dec 1962; struck 19 Apr 1968; salvage training hulk in Chesapeake Bay 1968-1972, sold for scrap 5 Dec 1972[28]
15 Oct 1956 19 Apr 1968
Harder SS-257 1 Dec 1941 19 Aug 1942 2 Dec 1942 — Lost to Japanese surface attack, 24 Aug 1944[1][28]
Hoe SS-258 2 Jan 1942 17 Sep 1942 16 Dec 1942 7 Aug 1946 PT 1956-1960; struck 1 May 1960, sold for scrap 10 Sep 1960[28]
September 1956 15 Apr 1960
Jack SS-259 2 Feb 1942 16 Oct 1942 6 Jan 1943 8 Jun 1946 Snorkel added 1958, transferred to Greece as Amphitriti 1958; returned to US and struck 1 Sep 1967, sunk as target 5 Sep 1967[28][29]
20 Dec 1957 21 Apr 1958
Lapon SS-260 21 Feb 1942 27 Oct 1942 23 Jan 1943 25 Jul 1946 Snorkel added 1957, transferred to Greece as Poseidon 1957; struck 31 Dec 1975, purchased by Greece for spare parts and sunk as target April 1976[28][30]
13 Apr 1957 10 Aug 1957
Mingo SS-261 21 Mar 1942 30 Nov 1942 12 Feb 1943 January 1947 Transferred to Japan as Kuroshio 15 Aug 1955; returned to US control 31 Mar 1966, struck and sold to Japan 20 Feb 1971, sunk as target 1973[28][31]
20 May 1955 15 Aug 1955
Muskallunge SS-262 7 Apr 1942 13 Dec 1942 15 Mar 1943 29 Jan 1947 Transferred to Brazil as Humaitá 18 Jan 1957; struck 1 Dec 1967, returned to US March 1968, sunk as target 9 Jul 1968[1][28]
31 Aug 1956 18 Jan 1957
Paddle SS-263 1 May 1942 30 Dec 1942 29 Mar 1943 1 Feb 1946 Transferred to Brazil as Riachuelo 18 Jan 1957; returned to US control March 1968, struck 30 Jun 1968, used for spare parts by Brazil (one source says sunk (sic) about 30 Jun 1968)[28][32]
31 Aug 1956 18 Jan 1957
Pargo SS-264 21 May 1942 24 Jan 1943 26 Apr 1943 12 Jun 1946 PT 1946-1960; struck 1 Dec 1960, sold for scrap 16 May 1961[28]
12 Jun 1946 1 Dec 1960
Peto SS-265 Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, Wisconsin 15 Jun 1941 30 Apr 1942 21 Nov 1942 25 Dec 1942 Peto and Pogy (only) administratively decommissioned during barge delivery via Mississippi River, PT 1956-1960; struck 1 Aug 1960, sold for scrap 29 Nov 1960[28]
January 1943 25 Jun 1946
November 1956 1 Aug 1960
Pogy SS-266 15 Sep 1941 23 Jun 1942 10 Jan 1943 1 Feb 1943 Peto and Pogy (only) administratively decommissioned during barge delivery via Mississippi River; struck 1 Sep 1958, sold for scrap 1 May 1959[28]
12 Feb 1943 30 Jul 1946
Pompon SS-267 26 Nov 1941 15 Aug 1942 17 Mar 1943 11 May 1946 SSR 11 Dec 1951; struck 1 Apr 1960, sold for scrap 22 Dec 1960[28]
15 Jun 1953 1 Apr 1960
Puffer SS-268 16 Feb 1942 22 Nov 1942 27 Apr 1943 28 Jun 1946 PT 1946-1960; struck 1 Jul 1960, sold for scrap 3 Dec 1960[28]
1946 10 Jun 1960
Rasher SS-269 4 May 1942 20 Dec 1942 8 Jun 1943 22 Jun 1946 SSR 11 Dec 1951, AGSS 1 Jul 1960, IXSS 30 Jun 1971, PT 1967-1971; struck 20 Dec 1971, sold for scrap 7 Aug 1974[28]
14 Dec 1951 28 May 1952
22 Jul 1953 27 May 1967
Raton SS-270 29 May 1942 24 Jan 1943 13 Jul 1943 11 Mar 1949 SSR 18 Jul 1952, AGSS 1 Jul 1960; struck 28 Jun 1969, sold for scrap 12 Oct 1973, hulk reportedly used as target[28][33]
21 Sep 1953 28 Jun 1969
Ray SS-271 20 Jul 1942 28 Feb 1943 27 Jul 1943 12 Feb 1947 SSR 2 Jan 1951; struck 1 Apr 1960, sold for scrap 18 Dec 1960[28]
13 Aug 1952 30 Sep 1958
Redfin SS-272 3 Sep 1942 4 Apr 1943 31 Aug 1943 1 Nov 1946 SSR 2 Jan 1951, SS 15 Aug 1959, AGSS 28 Jun 1963, PT 1967-1970; struck 1 Jul 1970, sold for scrap 31 Mar 1971[28]
13 Aug 1952 30 Sep 1958
Robalo SS-273 24 Oct 1942 9 May 1943 28 Sep 1943 — Lost to Japanese mine, 26 Jul 1944[1][28]
Rock SS-274 23 Dec 1942 20 Jun 1943 26 Oct 1943 1 May 1946 SSR 18 Jul 1952, AGSS 31 Dec 1959; struck 13 Sep 1969, held for use as target, but sold for scrap 18 Sep 1972[28][34]
12 Oct 1953 13 Sep 1969
Runner SS-275 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine 8 Dec 1941 30 May 1942 30 Jul 1942 — Lost to unknown cause, possibly Japanese mine, circa 1 Jul 1943[1][28][35]
Sawfish SS-276 20 Jan 1942 23 Jun 1942 26 Aug 1942 20 Jun 1946 PT 1947-1960; struck 1 Apr 1960, sold for scrap 2 Dec 1960[28]
15 May 1947 1 Apr 1960
Scamp SS-277 6 Mar 1942 20 Jul 1942 18 Sep 1942 — Lost, probably to Japanese surface and air attack, 11 Nov 1944[1][36]
Scorpion SS-278 20 Mar 1942 20 Jul 1942 1 Oct 1942 Lost to unknown cause, possibly Japanese mine, circa 5 Jan 1944[1][36]
Snook SS-279 17 Apr 1942 15 Aug 1942[1] 24 Oct 1942 Lost, possibly to Japanese surface attack circa 12 Apr 1945[1][36]
Steelhead SS-280 1 Jun 1942 11 Sep 1942 7 Dec 1942 29 Jun 1946 PT 1947-1960; struck 1 Apr 1960, sold for scrap 21 Dec 1960[36]
12 Nov 1947 1 Apr 1960
Sunfish SS-281 Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California 25 Sep 1941 2 May 1942 15 Jul 1942 26 Dec 1945 PT 1949-1960; struck 1 May 1960, sold for scrap 15 Dec 1960[36]
April 1949 1 May 1960
Tunny SS-282 10 Nov 1941 30 Jun 1942 1 Sep 1942 12 Feb 1946 SSG 18 Jul 1952, SS 15 May 1965, APSS 1 Oct 1966, LPSS 1 Jan 1969; struck 30 Jun 1969, sunk as target 19 Jun 1970[36]
25 Feb 1952 30 Apr 1952
6 Mar 1953 28 Jun 1969
Tinosa SS-283 21 Feb 1942 7 Oct 1942 15 Jan 1943 23 Jun 1949 Struck 1 Sep 1958, used as ASW target, scuttled November 1960[36]
4 Jan 1952 2 Dec 1953
Tullibee SS-284 1 Apr 1942 11 Nov 1942 15 Feb 1943 — Lost due to circular run of own torpedo, 26 Mar 1944[36]
Golet SS-361 Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, Wisconsin 27 Jan 1943 1 Aug 1943 30 Nov 1943 Lost to Japanese surface attack, 14 Jun 1944[1][37]
Guavina SS-362 3 Mar 1943 29 Aug 1943 23 Dec 1943 8 Jun 1946[38] SSO 16 Aug 1948, AGSS 11 Dec 1951, AOSS 22 Jun 1957, PT 1960-1967; struck 30 Jun 1967, sunk as target 14 Nov 1967[37]
1 Feb 1950 27 Mar 1959
February 1960 30 Jun 1967
Guitarro SS-363 7 Apr 1943 26 Sep 1943 26 Jan 1944 6 Dec 1945 Snorkel added 1954, transferred to Turkey as Preveze 7 Aug 1954, struck and sold to Turkey 1 Jan 1972, decommissioned by Turkey 4 May 1972, used as battery charging hulk until scrapped September 1983, sail preserved as memorial at Gölcük Naval Base until earthquake 17 Aug 1999[37][39]
6 Feb 1952 22 Sep 1953
Hammerhead SS-364 5 May 1943 24 Oct 1943 1 Mar 1944 9 Feb 1946 Snorkel added 1954, transferred to Turkey as Cerbe 23 Oct 1954, struck and sold to Turkey 1 Jan 1972, decommissioned by Turkey 4 May 1972, subsequently scrapped[37][40]
6 Feb 1952 21 Aug 1953

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Bauer and Roberts, pp. 271-273
  2. ^ Blair, pp. 989-990
  3. ^ ″United States Submarine Losses World War II″, Naval History Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Washington: 1963 (Fifth Printing)
  4. ^ Fleet Submarine index page at Navsource.org
  5. ^ Friedman 1995, p. 209
  6. ^ "Snorkel added" was similar to fleet snorkel, but only the after part of the sail was streamlined.
  7. ^ These were in commission but classed as "in commission, in reserve", thus some were decommissioned and recommissioned on the same day to reflect the change in status
  8. ^ Friedman 1995, p. 285
  9. ^ "Guavina (SS-362)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Friedman 1995, p. 294
  11. ^ "Growler III (SS-215)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  12. ^ "Grunion". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  13. ^ Stevens, Peter F., Fatal Dive: Solving the World War II Mystery of the USS Grunion, Regnery History, 2012
  14. ^ "Albacore II (SS-218)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  15. ^ "Amberjack I (SS-219)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  16. ^ USS Cod memorial website
  17. ^ USS Drum memorial website
  18. ^ "Halibut I (SS-232)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Friedman 1995, p. 295
  20. ^ USS Silversides Submarine Museum website
  21. ^ "Bashaw (SS-241)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  22. ^ USS Bashaw (SS-241) at Navsource.org, retrieved 7 Dec 2017
  23. ^ USS Bluegill (SS-242) at Navsource.org, retrieved 7 Dec 2017
  24. ^ USS Cavalla memorial website
  25. ^ USS Cobia memorial website
  26. ^ Buffalo and Erie County Naval & Military Park website
  27. ^ "Dorado (SS-248)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Friedman 1995, p. 296
  29. ^ USS Jack (SS-259) at Navsource.org
  30. ^ USS Lapon (SS-260) at Navsource.org
  31. ^ USS Mingo (SS-261) at Navsource.org
  32. ^ USS Paddle (SS-263) at Navsource.org
  33. ^ "Raton (SS-270)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  34. ^ "Rock (SS-274)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  35. ^ "Runner I (SS-275)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h Friedman 1995, p. 297
  37. ^ a b c d Friedman 1995, p. 300
  38. ^ USS Guavina (SS-362) at Navsource.org
  39. ^ USS Guitarro (SS-363) at Navsource.org
  40. ^ USS Hammerhead (SS-364) at Navsource.org

External links[edit]

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