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List of animals by number of legs

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The following is a list of selected animals in order of increasing number of legs, from 0 legs to 653 pairs of legs, the maximum recorded in the animal kingdom.[1] Each entry provides the relevant taxa up to the rank of phylum. Each entry also provides the common name of the animal. If the relevant taxon includes different animals with different common names, then the entry provides the common name of a familiar example.

If juveniles have fewer legs than adults, then the animal is listed by the number of legs recorded in mature adults. If this number varies among adults within the taxon, then this variation is described in parenthetical note. In counting legs, this list follows the conventions adopted in the relevant literature. For example, millipedes with gonopods are listed by numbers that exclude leg pairs that become gonopods.[2][3][4]

Animals have been selected so that each number from 0 to 55 leg pairs has one example listed. Each of these examples is listed by a number closely associated with the relevant taxon, either because that number is the one most commonly observed in that taxon or because it is one of only a few numbers recorded for the taxon. Beyond 55 leg pairs, intraspecific variation in leg number increases, and the association between species and any particular number breaks down.[5][6]

List of animals by number of legs

[edit]

0 legs: Serpentes (suborder), Squamata (order), Reptilia (class), Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum); snake[7]

1 pair: Aves (class), Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum); bird[8]

2 pairs: Tetrapoda (superclass), Vertebrata (subpylum), Chordata (phylum); e.g., deer (2 in most species; some taxa deviate from this number)[9]

3 pairs: Hexapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); e.g., ant[10]

4 pairs: Arachnida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); e.g., spider[10]

5 pairs: Decolopoda (genus), Colossendeidae (family), Pantopoda (order), Pycnogonida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sea spider[11]

6 pairs: Dodecolopoda mawsoni (monotypic genus & species), Colossendeidae (family), Pantopoda (order), Pycnogonida (class), Chelicerata (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sea spider[12]

7 pairs: Isopoda (order), Malacostraca (class), Crustacea (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); e.g., woodlouse (7 in most species; some taxa deviate from this number)[10][13]

8 pairs: Zygopauropus hesperius (monotypic genus & species), Brachypauropodidae (family), Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); pauropod[14]

9 pairs: Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); pauropod (9 in most species; some taxa deviate from this number)[3][14]

10 pairs: Decapauropus cuenoti (genus & type species), Pauropodidae (family), Tetramerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); pauropod (9 or 10 in female, usually 9; 9 in male)[15]

11 pairs: Hexamerocerata (order), Pauropoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); pauropod[3][14]

12 pairs: Symphyla (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); symphylan (12 in most species; some taxa deviate from this number)[16]

13 pairs: Polyxenida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); bristly millipede (13 in most species; some taxa deviate from this number)[17]

14 pairs: Ooperipatellus nickmayeri (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm[18]

15 pairs: Scutigeromorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); house centipede[19]

16 pairs: Occiperipatoides gilesii (monotypic genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm[20]

17 pairs: Glomerida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); northern pill millipede (17 in female; 19 in male, including 1 pair or 2 pairs of telopods)[21]

18 pairs: Peripatopsis alba (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm[22]

19 pairs: Typhloperipatus williamsoni (monotypic genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm (19 or 20 in male, usually 19; 20 in female)[23] (minimum in family)[24]

20 pairs: Peripatopsis sedgwicki (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm (19 or 20 in most clades, but 22 or 23 in one clade, which is probably a distinct species)[25]

21 pairs: Sphaerotheriida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); giant pill millipede (21 in female; 23 in male, including 2 pairs of telopods)[21]

22 pairs: Metaperipatus inae (genus & species), Peripatopsidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm (22 in female; 20 in male)[24]

23 pairs: Scolopocryptopidae (family), Scolopendromorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); bark centipede[19]

24 pairs: Eoperipatus totoro (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm (24 in female; 23 in male)[26]

25 pairs: Peripatus dominicae (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm (25 in male; 28 to 31 in female, usually 29)[27][28]

26 pairs: Agenodesmus reticulatus (genus & type species), Fuhrmannodesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); flat-backed millipede (26 in male, excluding 1 pair of gonopods; 27 in female)[3]

27 pairs: Schendylops ramirezi (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede (27 in male; 29 in female) (minimum in order)[29]

28 pairs: Prosopodesmus panporus (genus & species), Haplodesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); flat-backed millipede (28 in male, excluding 1 pair of gonopods; 31 in female)[2][3]

29 pairs: Dinogeophilus oligopodus (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[29]

30 pairs: Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); flat-backed millipede (usually 30 in male, excluding 1 pair of gonopods; usually 31 in female; some taxa deviate from these numbers)[2][3][4]

31 pairs: Schendyla antici (genus & species), Schendylidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede (31 in female; 29 in male)[30]

32 pairs: Devillea tuberculata (genus & type species), Xystodesmidae (family), Polydesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); flat-backed millipede (32 in male, excluding 1 pair of gonopods; 35 in female)[31][3]

33 pairs: Geophilus hadesi (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[32]

34 pairs: Mongeperipatus solorzanoi (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm (34 in male; 39 to 41 in female, usually 41)[33]

35 pairs: Mecophilus tupiniquim (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[34]

36 pairs: Glomeridesmida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); slug millipede (usually 36 in female; usually 35 in male, including 1 pair of telepods; some taxa deviate from these numbers)[21][35][36]

37 pairs: Geophilus oligopus (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede (37 or 39 in both sexes)[37]

38 pairs: Oroperipatus lankesteri (genus & species), Peripatidae (family), Onychophora (phylum); velvet worm (37 or 38 in female; 33 to 35 in male)[27]

39 pairs: Tasmanophilus spenceri (genus & species), Zelanophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[38][39]

40 pairs: Chamaesoma broelemanni (monotypic genus & species), Chamaesomatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sausage millipede (40 in male, excluding 2 pairs of gonopods; 42 in female)[40][3]

41 pairs: Nannarrup hoffmani (monotypic genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[41]

42 pairs: Opisthocheiron canayerensis (genus & species), Opisthocheiridae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sausage millipede (42 in female; 40 in male, excluding 2 pairs of gonopods)[42]

43 pairs: Dicellophilus carniolensis (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[43]

44 pairs: Haasea hungarica (genus & species), Haaseidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sausage millipede (44 in male, excluding 2 pairs of gonopods; 46 in female)[3]

45 pairs: Mecistocephalus spissus (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[44]

46 pairs: Lipseuma (genus), Kashmireumatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sausage millipede (46 in female; 44 in male, excluding 2 pairs of gonopods)[45]

47 pairs: Mecistocephalus angusticeps (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[44]

48 pairs: Tianella (genus), Entomobielziidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sausage millipede (usually 48 in female; usually 46 in male, excluding 2 pairs of gonopods; some species deviate from these numbers)[46]

49 pairs: Mecistocephalus (genus), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede (49 in most species; some species deviate from this number)[47][44]

50 pairs: Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sausage millipede (usually 50 in female; usually 48 in male, excluding 2 pairs of gonopods; some taxa deviate from these numbers)[2][3]

51 pairs: Mecistocephalus evansi (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[48]

52 pairs: Metamastigophorophyllon (genus), Anthroleucosomatidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sausage millipede (52 in female; 50 in male, excluding 2 pairs of gonopods)[49][21][3]

53 pairs: Krateraspis sselivanovi (genus & species), Mecistocephalidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede[44] (maximum in class evidently fixed by species)[6]

54 pairs: Neocambrisoma raveni (genus & type species), Metopidiotrichidae (family), Chordeumatida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); sausage millipede (54 in female; 51 in male, excluding three pairs modified as gonopods or paragonopods)[50] (maximum in class fixed by species)[5]

55 pairs: Geophilus arenarius (genus & species), Geophilidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede (55 in male; 55, 57, or 59 in female, usually 57)[51]

191 pairs: Gonibregmatus plurimipes (genus & species), Gonibregmatidae (family), Geophilomorpha (order), Chilopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); soil centipede (based on one specimen)[52] (maximum in class)[5]

653 pairs: Eumillipes persephone (monotypic genus & species), Siphonotidae (family), Polyzoniida (order), Diplopoda (class), Myriapoda (subphylum), Arthropoda (phylum); camphor millipede (499 to 653 in female; 389 to 409 in male) (maximum in kingdom)[1]

References

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