List of cacao diseases
Appearance
Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents - some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species".[1]
Bacterial diseases
[edit]Bacterial diseases | ||
---|---|---|
Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (artificial inoculations) | ![]() |
Stripe | Pectobacterium carotovorum | ![]() |
Fungal diseases
[edit]Miscellaneous diseases
[edit]Miscellaneous diseases | ||
---|---|---|
Algal disease | Cephaleuros virescens | ![]() |
Cherelle wilt | Physiological, no specific pathogen involved |
Insect pests
[edit]- Cocoa mirids or capsids worldwide (but especially Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma in West Africa and Helopeltis spp. in Southeast Asia)
- Bathycoelia thalassina - West Africa
- Conopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer – in Southeast Asia)
- Carmenta theobromae - C. & S. America
Nematodes, parasitic
[edit]Nematodes, parasitic | |||
---|---|---|---|
Awl nematode | Dolichodorus spp. | ||
Cyst nematode | Heterodera spp. | ![]() | |
Dagger nematode | Xiphinema spp. | ![]() | |
Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus spp. | ![]() | |
Reniform nematode | Rotylenchulus spp. | ![]() | |
Ring nematode | Hoplolaimus spp. | ||
Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. | ![]() | |
Spiral nematode | Helicotylenchus spp. | ![]() | |
Stubby root nematode | Trichodorus spp. | ![]() |
Parasitic plants
[edit]Mistletoes | |
---|---|
Dendrophthora spp. | ![]() |
Loranthus spp. | ![]() |
Oryctanthus spp. | ![]() |
Phoradendron spp. | ![]() |
Phthirusa spp. | ![]() |
Tapinanthus spp. | ![]() |
Viral and viroid diseases
[edit]Viral and viroid diseases | ||
---|---|---|
Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) | ![]() | |
Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) | ||
Cocoa necrosis virus (CNV) |
References
[edit]- ^ "The World's Worst Cocoa Problems". www.dropdata.org. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society
- IPARC Guide to cocoa pests and their management.