List of endemic plants of Crete

Crete and adjacent islands (Karpathos, Kasos, Saria, and smaller islets) are home to several dozen endemic species and subspecies of plants, together with two endemic genera, Horstrissea and Petromarula.^[1]

The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions treats Crete and associated islands as a separate botanical country from Greece and the East Aegean Islands, although all three are politically part of the same country.

Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family.

Amaryllidaceae

Allium bourgeaui subsp. creticum Bothmer
Allium circinnatum subsp. circinnatum
Allium dilatatum Zahar.
Allium platakisii Tzanoud. & Kypr.
Allium tardans Greuter & Zahar.
Sternbergia lutea subsp. greuteriana (Kamari & R.Artelari) Strid

Apiaceae

Bupleurum gaudianum Snogerup
Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter
Chaerophyllum creticum Boiss. & Heldr.
Chrysophae cretica Koso-Pol.
Eryngium ternatum Poir.
Ferula thyrsiflora Sm.
Ferulago thyrsiflora (Sm.) W.D.J.Koch
Geocaryum creticum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Engstrand
Horstrissea Greuter – endemic genus
- Horstrissea dolinicola Greuter, Gerstb. & Egli

Apocynaceae

Vincetoxicum creticum Browicz

Araceae

Arum idaeum Coustur. & Gand.
Arum purpureospathum P.C.Boyce
Biarum davisii Turrill
Biarum tenuifolium subsp. idomenaeum P.C.Boyce & Athanasiou

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia cretica Lam.
Bellevalia brevipedicellata Turrill
Bellevalia juliana Bareka, Turland & Kamari
Bellevalia sitiaca Kypriotakis & Tzanoud.

Asparagaceae

Muscari spreitzenhoferi (Heldr.) Vierh.
Ornithogalum creticum Zahar.
Ornithogalum insulare Kypr.
Prospero battagliae Speta
Prospero depressum Speta
Prospero hierapytnense Speta
Prospero idaeum Speta
Prospero minimum Speta
Prospero rhadamanthi Speta
Prospero talosii (Tzanoud. & Kypr.) Speta
Scilla cretica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Speta
Scilla cydonia Speta
Scilla nana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Speta

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium creticum Lovis
Asplenium × khaniense Brownsey & Jermy (A. creticum × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)

Asteraceae

Anthemis abrotanifolia (Willd.) Guss.
- Anthemis abrotanifolia f. abrotanifolia
- Anthemis abrotanifolia f. ligulata Greuter, Matthäs & Risse
Anthemis ammanthus subsp. paleacea Greuter – Kárpathos (incl. Saria I.)
Anthemis chia f. inornata Greuter, Matthäs & Risse
Anthemis filicaulis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter
Anthemis glaberrima (Rech.f.) Greuter
Anthemis pasiphaes Goula & Constantin
Anthemis rigida subsp. antri-neptuni Goula & Constantin
Anthemis samariensis Turland
Anthemis tomentella Greuter
Bellis longifolia Boiss. & Heldr
Carlina barnebiana B.L.Burtt & P.H.Davis
Carlina curetum subsp. curetum
Carlina diae (Rech.f.) Meusel & A.Kástner
Carlina sitiensis Rech.f.
Carthamus rechingeri P.H.Davis – Kárpathos
Centaurea argentea subsp. chionantha (Turland & L.Chilton) Greuter
Centaurea argentea subsp. macrothysana (Rech.f.) Turland & L.Chilton
Centaurea baldaccii Degen
Centaurea idaea Boiss. & Heldr
Centaurea lancifolia Sieber ex Spreng.
Centaurea poculatoris Greuter
Centaurea redempta subsp. redempta
Crepis auriculifolia Sieber
Crepis bellidifolia Noë ex Nyman
Crepis fraasii subsp. mungieri (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.D.Sell
Crepis neglecta subsp. cretica (Boiss.) Vierh.
Crepis sibthorpiana Boiss. & Heldr.
Crepis tybakiensis Vierh.
- Crepis tybakiensis var. flexiscapa (Rech.f.) Greuter
- Crepis tybakiensis var. tybakiensis
Filago wagenitziana Bergmeier
Helichrysum doerfleri Rech.f.
Helichrysum heldreichii Boiss.
Hieracium schmidtii subsp. creticum (Zahn) Greuter
Hypochaeris tenuiflora (Boiss.) Boiss.
Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech.f.
Lophiolepis morinifolia (Boiss. & Heldr.) Del Guacchio, Bureš, Iamonico & P.Caputo
Onopordum bracteatum subsp. creticum Franco
Phagnalon pygmaeum (Sieber) Greuter
Pseudopodospermum idaeum (Gand.) Zaika
Ptilostemon chamaepeuce var. elegans Greuter
Senecio fruticulosus Sm.
Staehelina petiolata (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Tragopogon lassithicus Rech.f.

Boraginaceae

Alkanna sieberi A.DC.
Cynoglossum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr.
Myosotis solange Greuter & Zaffran

Brassicaceae

Alyssum idaeum Boiss. & Heldr
Alyssum lassiticum Halácsy
Alyssum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr.
Arabis cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
Draba cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
Erysimum candicum Snogerup
- Erysimum candicum subsp. candicum
- Erysimum candicum subsp. carpathum Snogerup
Erysimum creticum Boiss. & Heldr.
Erysimum mutabile Boiss. & Heldr.
Erysimum raulinii Boiss.
Noccaea cretica (Degen & Jáv.) F.K.Mey.
Noccaea zaffranii F.K.Mey.
Odontarrhena baldaccii (Vierh. ex Nyár.) Španiel
Odontarrhena fragillima (Bald.) Španiel
Ricotia cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
Ricotia isatoides (Barbey) B.L.Burtt

Campanulaceae

Campanula aizoides Zaffran
Campanula carpatha Halácsy – Kárpathos, Kasos, Saria.
Campanula cretica (A.DC.) D.Dietr.
Campanula creutzburgii Greuter
Campanula dimitrii Strid – Kárpathos
Campanula hierapetrae Rech.f.
Campanula jacquinii (Sieber) A.DC.
Campanula pelviformis Lam.
Campanula pinatzii Greuter & Phitos
Campanula saxatilis subsp. saxatilis
Campanula spatulata subsp. filicaulis (Halácsy) Phitos
Campanula tubulosa Lam.
Petromarula Vent. ex R.Hedw.
- Petromarula pinnata (L.) A.DC.

Caprifoliaceae

Lomelosia albocincta (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet
Lomelosia minoana (P.H.Davis) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia minoana subsp. asterusica (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana
Lomelosia sphaciotica (Roem. & Schult.) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia sphaciotica subsp. decalvans (Halácsy) Bergmeier
- Lomelosia sphaciotica subsp. sphaciotica
Valeriana sieberi (Heldr.) Christenh. & Byng

Caryophyllaceae

Bolanthus creutzburgii Greuter
Bufonia stricta subsp. cecconiana (Bald.) Rech.f.
Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. doerfleri (Halácsy ex Hayek) P.D.Sell & Whitehead
Cerastium deschatresii Greuter
Cerastium scaposum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Cerastium scaposum subsp. peninsularum Greuter, N.Böhling & Ralf Jahn
- Cerastium scaposum subsp. scaposum
Cherleria wettsteinii (Mattf.) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.
Dianthus candicus (P.W.Ball & Heywood) Madhani & Heubl
Dianthus fruticosus subsp. carpathus Runemark
Dianthus fruticosus subsp. creticus (Tausch) Runemark
Dianthus fruticosus subsp. sitiacus Runemark
Dianthus juniperinus subsp. aciphyllus (Sieber ex Ser.) Turland
Dianthus juniperinus subsp. bauhinorum (Greuter) Turland
Dianthus juniperinus subsp. heldreichii Greuter
Dianthus juniperinus subsp. idaeus Turland
Dianthus juniperinus subsp. kavusicus Turland
Dianthus juniperinus subsp. pulviniformis (Greuter) Turland
Dianthus sphacioticus Boiss. & Heldr.
Dianthus xylorrhizus Boiss. & Heldr.
Petrorhagia dianthoides (Sm.) P.W.Ball & Heywood
Silene ammophila Boiss. & Heldr.
- Silene ammophila subsp. ammophila
- Silene ammophila subsp. carpathae Chowdhuri – Kárpathos
Silene antri-jovis Greuter & Burdet
Silene flavescens subsp. dictaea (Rech.f.) Greuter
Silene insularis Barbey – Kárpathos
Silene integripetala subsp. greuteri (Phitos) Akeroyd
Silene pinetorum Boiss. & Heldr
- Silene pinetorum subsp. pinetorum
- Silene pinetorum subsp. sphaciotica Oxelman & Greuter
Silene sieberi Fenzl
Silene variegata (Desf.) Boiss. & Heldr
Telephium imperati subsp. pauciflorum (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet

Colchicaceae

Colchicum cretense Greuter

Convolvulaceae

Convolvulus argyrothamnos Greuter
Cuscuta atrans Feinbrun

Crassulaceae

Sedum creticum subsp. creticum – Crete and Kárpathos
Sedum eriocarpum subsp. spathulifolium 't Hart
Sedum litoreum var. creticum 't Hart
Sedum praesidis Runemark & Greuter

Cyperaceae

Carex idaea Greuter, Matthäs & Risse

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia myrsinites subsp. rechingeri (Greuter) Aldén
Euphorbia sultan-hassei Strid, B.Bentzer, Bothmer, Engstrand & M.A.Gust.

Fabaceae

Astragalus angustifolius subsp. echinoides (L'Hér.) Brullo, Giusso & Musarella
Astragalus creticus Lam.
- Astragalus creticus subsp. creticus
- Astragalus creticus subsp. minoicus Brullo & Giusso
Astragalus dolinicola (Brullo & Giusso) Brullo & Giusso
Astragalus idaeus Bunge
Astragalus nummularius subsp. nummularius
Coronilla globosa Lam.
Ebenus cretica L.
Lathyrus neurolobus Boiss. & Heldr.
Medicago arborea subsp. strasseri (Greuter, Matthäs & Risse) Sobr.-Vesp. & Ceresuela
Onobrychis sphaciotica Greuter
Ononis verae Širj.
Trifolium phitosianum N.Böhling, Greuter & Raus

Hypericaceae

Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.Robson
Hypericum amblycalyx Coustur. & Gand.
Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum (Rech.f.) I.Hagemanm
Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. tortuosum (Rech.f.) I.Hagemann
Hypericum jovis Greuter
Hypericum kelleri Bald.
Hypericum trichocaulon Boiss. & Heldr.

Iridaceae

Crocus oreocreticus B.L.Burtt
Crocus pumilus (Rukšāns) Rukšāns
Crocus ruksansii Zubov
Crocus sieberi J.Gay

Lamiaceae

Clinopodium creticum (L.) Kuntze
Micromeria carpatha Rech.f. – Kárpathos
Micromeria hispida Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth.
Micromeria sphaciotica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. – Kárpathos
Nepeta sphaciotica P.H.Davis
Origanum dictamnus L.
Origanum × karpathicum Dirmenci, C.Catt. & Dimarchou (O. onites × O. vetteri) – Kárpathos
Origanum microphyllum (Benth.) Vogel
Origanum × minoanum P.H.Davis (O. microphyllum × O. vulgare subsp. hirtum)
Origanum vetteri Briq. & Barbey
Phlomis × commixta Rech.f., Denkschr
Phlomis lanata Willd.
Phlomis pichleri Vierh.
Phlomis × sieberi Vierh.
Phlomis × vierhapperi Rech.f.
Prunella cretensis Gand.
Scutellaria hirta Sm.
Scutellaria sieberi Benth.
Sideritis syriaca subsp. syriaca
Stachys mucronata Sieber ex Spreng.
Teucrium alpestre Sm.
Teucrium cuneifolium Sm.
Teucrium gracile Barbey & Fors.-Major
Teucrium montbretii subsp. heliotropiifolium (Barbey) P.H.Davis
Thymbra calostachya (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
Thymus leucotrichus var. creticus (Bald.) Ronniger

Liliaceae

Fritillaria messanensis subsp. sphaciotica (Gand.) Kamari & Phitos
Gagea omalensis J.-M.Tison
Tulipa cretica Boiss. & Heldr.

Linaceae

Linum caespitosum Sm.
Linum doerfleri Rech.f.

Orchidaceae

× Anacamptorchis salkowskiana (C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) J.M.H.Shaw
Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.
Ophrys × antiskariensis Soca (O. bombyliflora × O. cretica)
Ophrys × baumanniana Soó (O. cretica × O. sphegodes)
Ophrys × plorae C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis (O. cretica × O. spruneri)
Ophrys × regis-minois Halx (O. cretica × O. scolopax subsp. heldreichii)
Ophrys × vamvakiae Kohlmüller (O. cretica × O. lutea)
Ophrys × varvarae Faller & Kreutz (O. cretica × O. fusca)
× Orchinea hermaniana (C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) J.M.H.Shaw (Neotinea tridentata × Orchis anatolica)
Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P.Delforge
Orchis spitzelii subsp. nitidifolia (W.P.Teschner) Soó
Orchis × thriftiensis Renz (O. anatolica × O. pauciflora)
Serapias × sitiae nothosubsp. sitiae (S. lingua × S. orientalis subsp. orientalis)
Serapias × wettsteinii nothosubsp. wettsteinii (S. bergonii × S. orientalis subsp. orientalis)