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List of kidnappings: 1900–1949

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The following is a list of kidnappings in the first half of the 20th century, summarizing the events of each case, including instances of celebrity abductions, claimed hoaxes, suspected kidnappings, extradition abductions, and mass kidnappings.

Date Victim(s) Abductor(s) Location Age of victim(s) Outcome Notes
18 December 1900 Edward Cudahy Jr. Pat Crowe (accused) Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. 15 Released Son of a business magnate who was kidnapped and held for $25,000 ransom, with his abductor, Pat Crowe, releasing him after the ransom was paid. After being found not guilty at trial, he made a living as a lecturer and author.[1]
18 May 1904 Ion Perdicaris Bandits sent by Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli Tangier, Morocco 64 Released Perdicaris and his stepson, Cromwell Varley, were kidnapped by Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli in Tangier. US Secretary of State John Hay declared, "This government wants Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead." The two men were released alive upon payment of a ransom.[2]
Cromwell Varley Unknown
1909 George Cove Unknown The Bronx, New York, U.S. unknown Released Canadian inventor who was kidnapped by unknown assailants, who offered him $25,000 in exchange for him to stop promoting his devices. He refused and was later released without harm. Cove accused a former investor of orchestrating the kidnapping, but nothing came out of it and his business soon flunked.[3]
28 June 1910 Bernardo Parra Francisco Leona Gádor, Almería, Spain 7 Murdered Parra was abducted by local healer Francisco Leona at the request of Francisco "the Moor" Ortega. At the time, it was believed that drinking the blood of a child could cure tuberculosis, prompting Ortega to pay Leona 3000 reales to find him a child. Leona and another man abducted Parra and carried him away in a gunny sack, giving rise to the term El Sacamantecas, and murdered him.[4]
8 April 1911 Elsie Paroubek Unknown Chicago, Illinois, US 5 Murdered Paroubek was a Czech-American girl who disappeared while walking alone to her aunt's house nearby in Chicago. Her body was found a month later in a drainage ditch.[5] Several people, including Paroubek's father and the police in charge of the investigation, suspected Roma (who had several camps in the area at the time) were involved.
23 August 1912 Bobby Dunbar Unknown St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, US 4 Unknown Bobby Dunbar disappeared at age 4 near Swayze Lake.[6] After an eight-month nationwide search, investigators found a child, claimed by Dunbar's parents as their son, in the household of William Cantwell Walters of Mississippi. He was convicted of kidnapping. Walters told the police the boy was given to him by his mother, and that his name was Charles Bruce Anderson, known as Bruce. The boy's mother, Julia Anderson, affirmed Walters' account. In 2004, further investigation by "Dunbar's" granddaughter led to conclusive DNA proof that the child in Walters' custody was not Dunbar's son. Walters had been wrongfully convicted for taking care of Charles Bruce Anderson. Dunbar was never found and his disappearance has never been conclusively solved.
17 August 1915 Leo Frank Knights of Mary Phagan Milledgeville State Penitentiary, Georgia, U.S. 31 Murdered Jewish man wrongly convicted[7] of raping and killing a white woman named Mary Phagan. After Frank's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, a group of vigilantes calling themselves "The Knights of Mary Phagan" abducted him from prison and summarily hanged him.[8]
15 May 1916 Jesse Washington A lynch mob Waco, Texas, U.S. 17 Murdered Washington, an African-American farmhand, was accused of murdering a white woman named Lucy Fryer. After pleading guilty to the crime, he was dragged from the courthouse by a crowd of angry observers who paraded him across town in chains and beat and stabbed him before hanging him from a tree, cutting off his fingers, castrating him, and finally burning him alive over a period of two hours.[9]
1923 Mei Zhanchun Unknown Hankou, China 58–59 Murdered Zhanchun (born Father Pascal Angelicus Melotto) was a Roman Catholic priest of the Franciscan Order. He was kidnapped for ransom in 1923 and murdered three months later. Zhanchun is one of the earliest Martyrs in China.[10]
21 May 1924 Bobby Franks Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb Chicago, Illinois, US 14 Murdered Franks was abducted and beaten to death by Leopold and Loeb,[11] two wealthy students who wished to commit the perfect crime. The two killers were sentenced to life imprisonment after a sensational trial at which they were defended by Clarence Darrow. Loeb was killed in prison, but Leopold was released after serving 33 years.
15 March 1925 Madge Oberholtzer D. C. Stephenson Indianapolis, Indiana, US 29 Released, but died from assault-related injuries White woman who was abducted and forcefully raped by a Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan, which later led to her dying from injuries received during the assault. The case led to a steep decline in KKK memberships in the state of Indiana.[12]
1927 Lea Niako Unknown Portugal 19 Escaped German dancer and actress who was abducted by a stalker while filming the film Fátima Milagrosa (1928). She was taken to the Boca do Inferno chasm in Cascais, but escaped upon arrival.[13][14]
15 December 1927 Marion Parker William Hickman Los Angeles, California, US 12 Murdered Parker, the daughter of a Los Angeles banker, was kidnapped and killed by William Hickman.[15] A few days after receiving a small ransom, Hickman was arrested and tried. He was convicted and sentenced to death. On 19 October 1928, he was executed for his crime.
26 January 1930 Alexander Kutepov Joint State Political Directorate agents Paris, France 47 Died during apprehension Russian anti-communist and leader of the Russian All-Military Union during the Russian Civil War, who suffered from a heart attack when he was abducted by OGPU agents, dying on the spot.[16]
15 May 1930 Mary Agnes Moroney Unknown Chicago, Illinois, US 2 Raised by a person with an unknown connection to the abductor Moroney was taken from her home by a woman who identified herself as "Julia Otis" and claimed to have been sent by a social worker. In 2023, it was determined through DNA testing that Jeanette Burchard, who died in 2003, was Moroney. Her kidnapping was the oldest unsolved case of this nature in the files of the Chicago Missing Persons Bureau.[17]
4 June 1930 Asser Salo Anti-communist Lapua Movement activists Vaasa, Finland 28 Released Asser Salo, a Finnish lawyer and politician, was kidnapped in Vaasa by activists of the anti-communist Lapua Movement on 4 June 1930. Salo was forced under threat for his life to make a public promise to never again engage in communist activities on the territory of Vaasa Province. Soon thereafter, Salo went into exile, first to Sweden, then to the Soviet Union.[18]
July 1930 Väinö Hakkila Lapua Movement members Finland 48 Released Finnish SDP politician and speaker for Parliament who was kidnapped and beaten by Lapua Movement members. He survived the assault, and later resumed his career.[19]
5 July 1930 Eino Pekkala Lapua Movement members Ostrobothnia, Finland 43 Released Finnish socialist politician who, together with Jalmari Rötkö, was kidnapped by fascist Lapua Movement members while they were attending the Constitutional Law Committee. Both were handed over to authorities the next day, and Pekkala was sentenced to 3 years imprisonment for treason.[20]
3 September 1930 Samuel Irby Huey Long (alleged) Shreveport, Louisiana 40 Released Former Louisiana State Department official who, together with James Terrell, disappeared from his hotel room. Irby brought to Grand Isle, Louisiana just before an important election, then forced on a radio broadcast to deny having been abducted. Later in 1932 published Kidnapped By The Kingfish about the incident. Died in 1933.[21]
14 October 1930 K. J. Ståhlberg and Ester Ståhlberg Lapua Movement members Helsinki, Finland 65 / 60 Released Former President of Finland and his wife who were abducted near their home and taken to Joensuu, from where another group was supposed to take them to the Soviet Union. Because the second group never showed up they were released.
14 December 1931 Vera Page Unknown Kensington, London, UK 10 Murdered Page was abducted, raped and strangled by an unidentified man in December 1931. The only suspect, Percy Rush, was never charged due to lack of evidence, and the case remains unsolved.[22][23]
1 March 1932 Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. Richard Hauptmann East Amwell Township, New Jersey, US 1 Murdered Charles was the son of American aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh. On 1 March, the 20-month-old child was taken from his crib at home[24] in what was called "the crime of the century". Ransom negotiations were unsuccessful, and his remains were found on 12 May. Hauptmann was found and arrested in September 1934, and was convicted of the crime on 13 February 1935, sentenced to death, and electrocuted on 3 April 1936. Congress passed the "Lindbergh Law", formally known as "The Federal Kidnapping Act of 1932", on 13 June 1932. The law made kidnapping a federal crime if the victim was taken across state lines, enabling investigation and other actions by federal law enforcement.
3 July 1932 Unidentified 4-year-old girl Robert David Bennett Carlton North, Melbourne 4 Released Bennett, a convicted child molester, enticed a young girl into an empty house he was renovating under the pretext of giving her sweets before raping her. He allowed her to leave through the back door after a group of adults came looking for her in the hope of concealing his crime, but was found out and executed, making him the last person to hang in Australia for a crime other than murder.[25]
27 May 1933 Mary McElroy George McGee, Walter McGee, Clarence Click, and Clarence Stevens Kansas City, Missouri, US 25 Released McElroy, the daughter of City Manager Henry F. McElroy of Kansas City, was kidnapped and held for ransom.[26][27] She was released unharmed after the ransom was paid. The four kidnappers were later apprehended, convicted at trial, and given life sentences.
9 November 1933 Brooke Hart Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes San Jose, California, US 22 Murdered Hart, the son of a San Jose, California businessman, was kidnapped. His body was later found.[28][29] His two alleged kidnappers were arrested and, before trial, lynched by a mob.
25 April 1934 June Robles Unknown Tucson, Arizona, US 6 Released Robles was abducted and held for ransom. After negotiations between her parents and her captors, she was found unharmed on a highway after nineteen days in captivity.[30] Only one arrest was made in connection with her abduction.
19 September 1934 Dorothy Ann Distelhurst Unknown East Nashville, Tennessee, US 5 Murdered Distelhurst disappeared while walking home from school. After media coverage, her parents received multiple ransom notes, but the police were unable to determine their veracity. The child's remains were found on 13 November 1934, buried under a flower bed at the corner of the Davidson County Tuberculosis Hospital. Her killer is unknown.[31][32][33][34][35]
26 October 1934 Claude Neal A lynch mob Brewton, Alabama, U.S. 23 Murdered Neal, an African-American farmhand, was accused of raping and killing a white woman named Lola Cannady in Jackson County, Florida. The authorities attempted to protect him from lynching by having him covertly transferred to the local jail in Brewton, Alabama, but Jackson County locals found out where he was, removed him from the jail and took him back to Florida, where a group of six men tortured and castrated him before hanging him to death. His body was then driven to the home of Lola Cannady's father to be disfigured further.[36]
26 December 1935 Tito Minniti Ethiopians Degehabur, Somali Region, Ethiopia 25–26 Murdered Italian pilot Tito Minniti was captured, killed, and allegedly tortured by Ethiopians during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War on 26 December 1935.[37] What happened to Minniti after he was captured varies depending on the source; in one version, Minniti was forced to surrender after running out of ammunition, after which he was tortured, mutilated, and killed by Ethiopian forces. In another version, Minniti was killed by Ethiopian civilians angered by the bombing of their villages.
12 December 1936 Chiang Kai-shek Zhang Xueliang Xi'an, China 49 Released Chiang Kai-shek, leader of China, was kidnapped by a warlord in an affair known as the Xi'an Incident.[38] He was released.
27 December 1936 Charles Mattson Unknown Tacoma, Washington, US 10 Murdered Mattson was abducted from his home and held for $28,000. He was found dead in January 1937.[39]
27 December 1936 Lojze Bratuž Italian fascists Gorizia, Italy 35 Murdered Slovene choirmaster and composer who was kidnapped by Italian Fascists and forced to drink a fatal mixture of castor oil, gasoline and motor oil. He was unable to recover, and died in a hospital half a month later.[40]
5 January 1937 Mona Tinsley Frederick Nodder Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, U.K. 10 Murdered Mona Tinsley was lured by her parents' former lodger, Frederick Nodder, while leaving her school. Nodder then took her up to his home in Hayton where he strangled her to death, possibly after molesting her. Nodder was convicted of kidnapping Mona, then tried again, convicted for her murder and sentenced to death after her body was found eight miles from his house.[41]
22 September 1937 Yevgeny Miller Nikolai Skoblin and NKVD officers Paris, France 69 Murdered Miller, an anti-bolshevik Russian general, was kidnapped by NKVD agents. The NKVD successfully smuggled him back to Moscow, Russia.[42] He was tortured during interrogation and executed by gunshot nineteen months later, in 1939.
14 September 1942 Helen Lynch Edward Haight Bedford Village, New York, U.S. 8 Murdered Two sisters abducted and murdered by 16-year-old Edward Haight. Both were murdered and discarded in separate locations near Bedford Village, with the older sister also being raped prior to her murder. Haight was executed for the sisters' murder at Sing Sing Prison on 8 July 1943. He was the youngest person to be executed via the electric chair in New York history.[43]
Margaret Lynch 7
27 September 1943 Norma Cossetto Yugoslav communists Vižinada, Croatia 23 Murdered Istrian Italian student and alleged Fascist sympathizer who was detained by Yugoslav communists after allegedly refusing to join the resistance. Over the next few days, while the German forces were invading the area, Cossetto was repeatedly raped and tortured by her captors, before they finally threw her and two other women in a foiba on 4 to 5 October.[44]
29 April 1944 Lena Baker Ernest Knight Cuthbert, Georgia, U.S. 43 Escaped (later judicially executed) Baker, a black woman, was a victim of sexual abuse at the hands of Knight, her white employer, who regularly held her captive overnight. Baker was repeatedly threatened by townsfolk to end the "relationship", but on 29 April Knight forcibly took her up to his mill, where he beat and raped her. Baker managed to escape and shot Knight dead; she was later executed for murdering Knight, but the verdict was overturned posthumously in 2005.[45]
9 June 1944 Helmut Kämpfe Georges Guingouin Brigade Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, France 34 Murdered Waffen SS Sturmbannführer who was taken prisoner by a Maquis unit under the command of Georges Guingouin while heading anti-resistance activities in southern France. The day after his abduction, Kämpfe was burned alive under Guingouin's orders. SS troops carried out the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre in retaliation.[46]
3 September 1944 Recy Taylor Herbert Lovett and others Abbeville, Alabama, U.S. 25 Released Taylor, a black woman, was kidnapped at gunpoint by seven white men led by Herbert Lovett who drove her out into the woods and raped her at knifepoint. The attackers were identified, but due to the racism of the time none of them were prosecuted.[47]
19 December 1945 Oto Iskandar di Nata "The Black Troop" Tangerang, Indonesia 48 Murdered Indonesian politician who was supposedly killed on a beach by a group identifying themselves as 'The Black Troop'. As his body was then dumped into the sea, it was never located.[48]
7 January 1946 Suzanne Degnan William Heirens Edgewater, Chicago, U.S. 6 Murdered Suzanne Degnan was taken from her home by an intruder who claimed in a letter to be targeting her father, an executive in the OPA. Her dismembered remains were found in storm drains around the neighborhood. William Heirens pled guilty to her murder and two others, although his actual guilt has been questioned.[49]
29 December 1946 Paddy Brett, Terence Gillam, two others Irgun Mandatory Palestine Released In retaliation for the judicial flogging of an Irgun member, Irgun squads abducted four British soldiers in Netanya, Rishon LeZion and Tel Aviv and lashed them eighteen times each before letting them go.[50]
30 July 1947 Sergeants Clifford Martin and Mervyn Paice Irgun guerrillas Mandatory Palestine 19 (Martin) Murdered Martin and Paice were both British Army Intelligence Corps non-commissioned officers. Both were murdered by Irgun militants in reprisal for the execution of three of their members by the British Army.[51]
20 (Paice)
22 January 1948 Alice Meza Caryl Chessman Greater Los Angeles Area, California 17 Released Forced out of a car her boyfriend was driving when they stopped at a red light. The boyfriend drove off, before the kidnapper drove Alice to a secondary location and orally and anally raped her under the threat of killing her boyfriend. Despite reported beatings and torture in interrogation, Caryl Chessman was identified by the Ford Coupe at the scene and by Alice in a lineup. Chessman was executed under the statute of the Federal Kidnapping Act making kidnapping with bodily harm a capital crime.[52]
15 May 1948 June Anne Devaney Peter Griffiths Blackburn, England 3 Murdered Inpatient at Queen's Park Hospital who was abducted, raped and killed by a man who had been to the hospital. The case is considered a milestone in British forensics, being the first case to be solved by mass fingerprinting.[53]
15 June 1948 Florence Sally Horner Frank La Salle Camden, New Jersey, U.S. 11 Rescued 11-year-old Sally Horner was caught shoplifting by La Salle, a convicted child molester, who convinced her that he was an FBI agent and she had to come with him to avoid being arrested for the theft. La Salle held Horner captive for 21 months and sexually abused her until he was arrested by the FBI in 1950 after Horner managed to call her sister. The case is thought to have inspired Vladimir Nabokov's controversial novel Lolita.[54]
20 July 1949 Shirley Gretzinger Ray Dempsey Gardner Ogden, Utah, U.S. 17 Murdered Gretzinger was the second victim of serial killer Ray Gardner, who picked her up under the guise of a babysitting job and drove her to a gulch outside the city limits before making sexual advances on her. When Gretzinger fought back, Gardner suffocated her by stuffing wadded paper down her throat and raped her body.[55]
5 August 1949 Thelma Taylor Morris Leland Portland, Oregon, U.S. 15 Murdered Thelma Taylor was accosted at a bus stop by Morris Leland, who forced her to come with him to a secluded area where he tried to rape her, but stopped when he realized she was a virgin. Leland kept Taylor captive overnight before killing her the following day when she tried to call out for help. Leland was sentenced to death for the murder.[56]

References

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