List of scientific priority disputes
This is a list of priority disputes in science and science-related fields (such as mathematics).
Mathematics[edit]
- Rule for solving cubic equations: Niccolò Tartaglia, Gerolamo Cardano[1]
- Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy: Isaac Newton, Gottfried Leibniz
- Proof of the Prime number theorem: Atle Selberg and/or Paul Erdős[2][3]
Physics[edit]
- Mechanical equivalent of heat: James Prescott Joule, Julius von Mayer[4]
- Stationary-action principle: Pierre Louis Maupertuis, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz[5]
- Radio waves: James Clerk Maxwell, Oliver Lodge, Heinrich Hertz, David Edward Hughes[6]
- Special relativity priority dispute: Albert Einstein, Henri Poincaré, Hendrik Lorentz
- General relativity priority dispute: Albert Einstein, David Hilbert
- Chandrasekhar limit: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Edmund Clifton Stoner, Wilhelm Anderson[7]
- Eightfold Way: Murray Gell-Mann, Yuval Ne'eman[8][9]
- Accelerating expansion of the universe: High-Z Supernova Search Team, Supernova Cosmology Project.[10]
Astronomy[edit]
- Controversy over the discovery of Haumea: José Luis Ortiz Moreno et al., Michael E. Brown et al.
- Sunspots: Galileo, Christoph Scheiner[11]
- Geoheliocentric system: Tycho Brahe, Nicolaus Raimarus Ursus[12]
- Galilean moons: Galileo, Simon Marius[13]
- Prediction of Neptune: Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams
Chemistry[edit]
- Oxygen: Joseph Priestley, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier[14]
- Periodic table: Dmitri Mendeleev, Lothar Meyer[15]
Biology and medicine[edit]
- Evolution: Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, Patrick Matthew[16][17]
- Opiate receptor: Candace Pert, Solomon H. Snyder[18]
- DNA structure: Francis Crick, James D. Watson, Rosalind Franklin, Erwin Chargaff, Oswald Avery[19][20][21]
- Lymphatic system: Olof Rudbeck, Thomas Bartholin[22][23][24]
- Blood transfusion: Richard Lower, Henry Oldenburg, Jean-Baptiste Denis[25]
- Life cycle of malarial parasite: Giovanni Battista Grassi, Ronald Ross[26][27][28]
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Paul Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield, Raymond Vahan Damadian, and others[29] (see 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine)
- HIV: Robert Gallo, Luc Montagnier[30][31][32][33][34] (see 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine)
- Teaching a deaf-mute person to speak: John Wallis, William Holder[35][36][37]
Technology[edit]
- Watch balance spring: Robert Hooke, Christiaan Huygens[38][39]
- Light bulb: Joseph Swan, Thomas Edison[40][41]
- Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy: Johann Philipp Reis, Antonio Meucci, Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray
- Incandescent light bulb: Thomas Edison, Joseph Swan[42][43]
- Radio: Oliver Lodge, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Reginald Fessenden, Guglielmo Marconi, Roberto Landell de Moura, Alexander Popov, Nikola Tesla[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51](see invention of radio)
- Electronic television: Philo T. Farnsworth, Vladimir Zworykin[52](see history of television)
- Claims to the first powered flight: Shivkar Bapuji Talpade in the Marutsakhā (1895),[53][54][Note 1] Clément Ader in the Avion III (1897),[55] Gustave Whitehead in his No's. 21 and 22 aeroplanes (1901–1903),[56][57][58][Note 2] Richard Pearse in his monoplane (1903–1904),[59][60] Samuel Pierpont Langley's Aerodrome A (1903),[55] Karl Jatho in Jatho biplane (1903),[61][62][63] The Wright brothers in the Wright Flyer (1903),[58][Note 3] Alberto Santos-Dumont in the 14 Bis (1906)[64][65]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Claims that Talpade was the first aviator to fly a powered aeroplane have been pushed by Indian nationalists since the early 2000s. In actuality, the aircraft attributed to Talpade was unmanned. Unmanned aircraft had been flown successfully prior to Talpade's birth.
- ^ Various publications have debunked claims that Whitehead was the first to fly a powered aeroplane, with some even questioning the claims that Whitehead had flown one at all.
- ^ Historians and researchers generally accept the Wright Brothers as being the first to achieve sustained and controlled flight.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Richeson, David S. (2022-06-30). "The Sordid Past of the Cubic Formula". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
- ^ Joel Spencer, Ronald Graham, The Elementary Proof of the Prime Number Theorem, THE MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCER
- ^ Rekvenyi, Kamilla (2019-05-04). "Paul Erdős's mathematics as a social activity". British Journal for the History of Mathematics. 34 (2): 134–142. doi:10.1080/26375451.2019.1593036. ISSN 2637-5451.
- ^ Coopersmith, Jennifer (May 2015). Energy, the Subtle Concept: The discovery of Feynman's blocks from Leibniz to Einstein. Oxford University Press. pp. 240–257. ISBN 9780198716747.
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- ^ Hong, Sungook (October 1994). "Marconi and the Maxwellians: The Origins of Wireless Telegraphy Revisited". Technology and Culture. 35 (4): 717–749. doi:10.2307/3106504. JSTOR 3106504. S2CID 112949474 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Virginia Trimble, "Chandrasekhar and the history of astronomy", Fluid Flows to Black Holes, pp. 49-53 (2011)
- ^ Gell-Mann, M. (15 March 1961). "The Eightfold Way: A theory of strong interaction symmetry". Synchrotron Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information Technical Report. Pasadena, CA: California Institute of Technology. doi:10.2172/4008239. TID-12608; CTSL-20.
- ^ Ne'eman, Y. (August 1961). "Derivation of strong interactions from a gauge invariance". Nuclear Physics. 26 (2). Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.: 222–229. Bibcode:1961NucPh..26..222N. doi:10.1016/0029-5582(61)90134-1.
- ^ Crease, Robert P. (2010). "Priority battles". Physics World. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
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- ^ Serrano, Juan D. (2013-02-01). "Trying Ursus: A Reappraisal of the Tycho-Ursus Priority Dispute". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 44 (1): 17–46. Bibcode:2013JHA....44...17A. doi:10.1177/002182861304400102. S2CID 118331268 – via Sage Publishing.
- ^ Pasachoff, Jay M. (2015). "Simon Marius's Mundus Iovialis: 400th Anniversary in Galileo's Shadow". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 46 (2): 218–234. Bibcode:2015AAS...22521505P. doi:10.1177/0021828615585493. S2CID 120470649.
- ^ Matthews, Robert. "Who really discovered oxygen?". BBC Science Focus. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
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- ^ Burdett, Carolyn (2014-05-15). "Darwin and the theory of evolution". British Library. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
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