Mangifera caloneura
| Mangifera caloneura | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Mangifera |
| Species: | M. caloneura
|
| Binomial name | |
| Mangifera caloneura | |
| |
| Mangifera caloneura distribution | |
Mangifera caloneura (also known as poh[2] in Javanese[a] or Ma muang paa[3] in Thai) is a fruit bearing tree in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to Mainland Southeast Asia.
Description
[edit]The tree has been observed growing up to 40 meters (130 ft) tall, however, a height of roughly 20 meters (66 ft) is much more common.[4] It excretes a resin upon injury that sets into a black colour.[3] The diameter of the tree's trunk varies but is typically around 60 centimetres (24 in), although it has been seen at sizes of over 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in). It has fissured bark of a colour that varies between black, grey and brown.[5]
It's leaves are glabrous and take on an oblong to lanceolate-oblong shape. Like other Mangifera species, their texture has been described as chartaceous to subcoriaceous. The petioles are typically 2 to 7 centimetres (0.79 to 2.76 in) long. Leaf sizes vary, roughly, between a width of 3 centimetres (1.2 in) and 9 centimetres (3.5 in), as well as a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) to 22 centimetres (8.7 in).[3]
The fruit are small compared to other species in the genus, such as Mangifera indica, however, they are similarly shaped. The fruit are 3 to 5 centimetres (1.2 to 2.0 in) in size and the seed's endosperm is ruminate.[6] When ripe, the fruit has greenish-yellow to orange skin and the flesh is white.[3] When fully developed, the fruit are roughly 40 grams (1.4 oz).[4]
It's flowers are small, typically measuring around 0.6 to 0.8 centimetres (0.24 to 0.31 in). There are 5 stamens on each flower.[4][3] The flowers have 4 to 5 petals, each is typically 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in) long. The petals are white with a longitudinal yellow colouration. The flowers stalks are very short.[6]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The species is native to Mainland Southeast Asia. Specifically, it is native to Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar.[7] It occurs within monsoonal deciduous forests, savannas[b] and lowland tropical rainforests[4]
Due to its appearance in the local dialect, it appears to have been introduced into the more eastern islands in Southeast Asia, such as Java.
Uses
[edit]The young leaves of the tree can be eaten uncooked, they have been described as sour tasting. The fruit itself is also eaten, the taste has been described as sweetly acidic.[3]
There has been research into potential pharmacological applications of the leaf extract of Mangifera caloneura due to its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. A 2015 study was conducted on rats that had been artificially induced with diabetes following a controlled application of streptozotocin. These rats were then given a dosage of the leaf extract at a concentration of 250 mg/kg for 6 weeks. When comparing with the control it was shown that the blood-glucose levels of the rats had significantly decreased to the point where the leaf extract may be viable as a potential diabetes medication.[8]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ de Kok, R. "Mangifera caloneura". IUCN Redlist. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ Ueda, Y.; Higuchi, H.; Nawata, E. (2011). "Folk Taxonomy and Uses of Non-indica Mangoes (Mangifera spp.) in Java Island". Tropical Agriculture and Development. 55 (2): 203. doi:10.11248/jsta.55.55.
- ^ a b c d e f Kostermans, A. J. G. H.; Bompard, Jean-Marie (1993). The mangoes: their botany, nomenclature, horticulture and utilization. London: Academic Pr. pp. 33–34. ISBN 0-12-421920-9.
- ^ a b c d Ueda, Y.; Higuchi, H. (2014). "Two Different Descriptions of Mangifera caloneura Kurz". Tropical Agriculture and Development. 58 (3): 116–122. doi:10.11248/jsta.58.116. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ Ueda, Y.; Higuchi, H.; Nawata, E. (2011). "Wild Mangoes in Mainland Southeast Asia". Tropical Agriculture and Development. 55 (2): 55–67. doi:10.11248/jsta.55.55.
- ^ a b Gardner, Simon (2007). A field guide to forest trees of northern Thailand (Fourth publ. (with corr.) ed.). Bangkok: Kobfai Publishing Project. p. 144. ISBN 978-974-8367-29-3.
- ^ "Mangifera caloneura Kurz". Kew Plants of the World Online. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
- ^ Suwannapong, Apinya; Katisart, Theeraporn; Talubmook, Chusri (November 2015). "Antidiabetic activity and antioxidant activity of leaf extract from mangifera caloneura Kurz". International Conference on Science and Technology (TICST: 166–172. doi:10.1109/TICST.2015.7369355.