Bangka Malay
(Redirected from Maporese language)
| Bangka Malay | |
|---|---|
| Bahasa Bangka | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sumatra |
Native speakers | 340,000 (2000 census)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Dialects | Mentok Belinyu Sungailiat Koba Toboali Lom |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mfb |
| Glottolog | bang1365 |
| ELP | Bangka |
Bangka or Bangka Malay, is a Malayic language spoken in Indonesia, specifically on the Island of Bangka in the Bangka Belitung Islands of Sumatra.[2] There are several dialects of Bangka Malay, including Mentok, Belinyu, Sungailiat, Koba, Toboali and Lom (Belom, Mapor). The Lom community has lived separately from mainstream Malay and is known for refusing Islam. Bangka Malay has a distinct vocabulary, grammar and phonology from other Malay languages.[1]
Phonology[edit]
Consonants[edit]
Bangka Malay has 19 consonants.[3]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive/ | voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | |||||
| voiced | z | ||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
Notes:
- In writing, the following phonemes are represented as thus:[4]
- /ʔ/ only occurs root-finally.[3]
- Unlike Standard Malay and Indonesian, Bangka Malay has no /h/ phoneme.[3]
- Final /ʔ/ in some root words in Bangka Malay correspond to Standard Malay/Indonesian /h/ such as Bangka Malay tarok /taroʔ/ which corresponds to Standard Malay/Indonesian taruh /taruh/ "to place".[3]
Vowels[edit]
Bangka Malay possesses 6 phonemic vowels /i, ə, e, a, o, u/.[4]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
Notes:
- In writing, /e/ and /ə/ are both represented as ⟨e⟩.[4]
- Final /a/ in Baku Malay/Indonesian correspond to /ə/ in Bangka Malay, so Baku Malay/Indonesian ada /ada/ "to have" corresponds to Bangka Malay ade /adə/.[3]
- Baku Malay/Indonesian /i/ and /u/ in closed syllables correspond to lower /e/ and /o/ in Bangka Malay, so Baku Malay/Indonesian pasir /pasir/ "sand" and taruh /taruh/ "to place" correspond to Bangka Malay paser /paser/ and tarok /taroʔ/.[3]
Morphology[edit]
Verb-deriving affixes[edit]
In Bangka Malay, there are four types of verb-deriving affixes,[5] which are:
- The interchangeable nasal prefixes, ngeN- /ŋəN-/ and N- /N-/
- The be- /bə-/ prefix (with a ber- [bər-] allomorph before vowel-initial roots)
- The te- /tə-/ prefix (with a ter- [tər-] allomorph before vowel-initial roots)
- The applicative suffixes, -ek /-eʔ/ and -kan /-kan/
Noun-deriving affixes[edit]
Bangka Malay has one noun-deriving affix:[6]
- The pe- -an /pə- -an/ circumfix (with a per- -an [pər- -an] allomorph with vowel-initial roots)
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ a b Bangka Malay at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "Indonesiatraveling.com". Archived from the original on 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
- ^ a b c d e f Miyake, Sarman & Fithrorozi 2022, p. 4.
- ^ a b c Miyake, Sarman & Fithrorozi 2022, p. 3.
- ^ Miyake, Sarman & Fithrorozi 2022, pp. 4–5.
- ^ Miyake, Sarman & Fithrorozi 2022, p. 5.
Bibliography[edit]
- Miyake, Yoshimi; Sarman, Hendry; Fithrorozi (31 March 2022). "A preliminary study of Belitung Malay". NUSA: Linguistic studies of languages in and around Indonesia. 72: 17. Retrieved 2 January 2024 – via TUFS Prometheus Academic Collections.
