Mercedes-Benz 9G-Tronic transmission

9G-Tronic
9G-Tronic
	Cutaway model of the transmission with components for hybrid drive
Overview
Manufacturer	Daimler AG; Jatco Ltd
Production	2013–present
Body and chassis
Class	9-speed longitudinal automatic transmission
Related	ZF 8HP · Aisin-Toyota 8-speed · Ford-GM 10-speed
Chronology
Predecessor	7G-Tronic

9G-Tronic is Mercedes-Benz's trademark name for its 9-speed automatic transmission, starting off with the W9A 700 (Wandler-9-Gang-Automatik bis 700 N⋅m Eingangsdrehmoment; converter-9-gear-automatic with 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) maximum input torque; type 725.0^[1]) as core model. The transmission debuted on the E 350 BlueTEC in 2013,^[1] and successively replaced both the 7-speed 7G-Tronic (PLUS) transmission and the 5-speed 5G-Tronic transmission. It includes versions for a maximum input torque of 1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft).^[2]

After the 5G- and 7G-Tronic, this is the 3rd generation of modern automatic transmissions. It is identified internally as NAG3 (New Automatic Gearbox 3rd generation).^[3]

Gear Ratios^[a]
Gear Model	R	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Total Span	Span Center	Avg. Step	Compo- nents

W9A All · 2013	−4.932	5.503	3.333	2.315	1.661	1.211	1.000	0.865	0.717	0.601	9.150	1.819	1.319	4 Gearsets 3 Brakes 3 Clutches
W9A All · 2016	−4.798	5.354	3.243	2.252	1.636	1.211	1.000	0.865	0.717	0.601	8.902	1.795	1.314

9AT All · 2019	−4.799	5.425	3.263	2.250	1.649	1.221	1.000	0.862	0.713	0.597	9.091	1.799	1.318

^ Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage

Development, production and licensing to Jatco Ltd

Development took place at the group's headquarters in Stuttgart-Untertuerkheim.^[1] Initially, the transmission was produced only at the Daimler plant not far away in Stuttgart-Hedelfingen.^[3] Since April 2016, the transmission has also been produced at Daimler's subsidiary Star Assembly in Sebeș, Romania.^[4]

In 2019, the Jatco Ltd, based in Fuji, Shizuoka, Japan, started licensed production for use in Nissan and Infiniti vehicles.^[5]^[6] In this version, input torque is limited to 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft), allowing each of the gearsets 1, 2, and 4 to use only three planetary gears.^[7] Slightly modified gear dimensions give it a span of about 9.09:1.

Specifications

Torque converter

The other main focus was on increasing shift comfort, which is achieved on the one hand by measures in the control system and on the other hand by designing the torque converter accordingly. The hydrodynamic torque converter was largely taken over from the previous 7G-Tronic transmission. It has a torque converter lock-up clutch and a twin-turbine harmonic damper with centrifugal pendulum absorber technology.^[8] The torque converter lock-up can operate in all 9 forward gears.

Control system

The 9G-Tronic is fully electronically controlled. The shift elements are controlled via a new type of hydraulic direct control with electromagnetically actuated valves, which enables fast and smooth gear changes. Compared to the previous transmission, which had a hydraulic pilot control, leakage losses have been reduced by 80%.^[8]

Oil supply

The transmission is equipped with two oil pumps to ensure an energy-efficient supply of long-life synthetic fuel-economy low-friction oil: a mechanical rotary vane pump with chain drive, which is significantly smaller than its predecessor and located next to the main shaft, and a pump driven by a brushless electric DC motor.^[8] The mechanically driven pump is responsible for the basic supply of the transmission, with the flow rate depending on the speed of the drive motor. The additional pump is switched on by the electronic transmission control unit as required. This design enables the lubricating and cooling oil volume flow to be regulated as required and makes the 9G-Tronic start/stop-capable.^[1] When the drive motor is at a standstill, the transmission remains ready to start solely due to the supply from the electric auxiliary pump.

Filter elements for the two pumps are integrated in the plastic oil pan.

AMG SpeedShift 9G

AMG SpeedShift TCT 9G

The TCT 9G (Torque Converter Technology) transmission is essentially the 9G-Tronic.

AMG SpeedShift MCT 9G

Mercedes-AMG developed the MCT 9G (Multi Clutch Technology) transmission. It made its debut in the Mercedes-AMG E 63 4Matic+.

The MCT transmission is essentially the 9G-Tronic with a start-off wet clutch (NAK for German Nass-Anfahrkupplung) replacing the torque converter. This saves weight and optimises the response to the accelerator pedal input. It is a computer-controlled double-clutching.^[9] The MCT acronym refers to the planetary transmission's multiple clutches and brakes. Its torque is rated at 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) and it offers 4 drive modes: “C” (Comfort), “S” (Sport), “S+” (Sport plus) and “M” (Manual) and boasts 0.1 second shifts in “M” and “S+” modes. MCT-equipped cars are also fitted with the new AMG Drive Unit as the central control unit for all driving dynamics functions and an innovative Race Start Function.

The driver can change gears either using the steering-wheel shift paddles or conventionally the selector lever. The new Race Start Function is a launch control system that enables maximum acceleration while ensuring optimum traction of the driven wheels.

Layout (Gearset Concept) Progress

The main objectives in replacing the previous 7G-Tronic model were to improve fuel consumption by adding gears and increasing the gear span, while at the same time reducing manufacturing costs.

The wide gear span^[a] allows the engine speed level to be lowered (downspeeding), which is a decisive factor in improving energy efficiency and thus reducing fuel consumption by 6.5 %.^[8] In addition, the lower engine speed level improves the noise-vibration-harshness comfort and the exterior noise is reduced by up to 4 dB(A).^[1] A speed of 120 km/h is reached in the Mercedes-Benz E 350 BlueTEC in 9th gear at an engine speed of approx. 1350 rpm.^[11] By the end of 2024 unsurpassed ratio span among longitudinal automatic transmissions for passenger cars.

^ First version with a gear ratio span wider than 9:1.^[10] Discontinued 2016

Progress Quality

As the design of the predecessor was significantly more complex than that of the direct competitor 6HP and even the new 8HP model from ZF with one more gear, the specification sheet also stipulate that at least one shift element must be omitted. This was achieved thanks to high-speed computer-aided design and has resulted in a globally patented gearset concept that requires the same installation space as the previous model and is also 1 kg (2.2 lb) lighter.^[2] In the process, 85 billion gearset concepts were examined.^[12] Additionally, the unit brings the ability to shift in a non-sequential manner – going from gear 9 to gear 4 in extreme situations simply by changing one shift element (actuating brake C and releasing brake A).

After the 5G- and 7G-Tronic, this transmission is the 3rd generation^[3] in which in-line epicyclic gearing have been combined with parallel epicyclic gearing. The resulting progress is reflected in an even better ratio between the number of gears and the number of components used compared to all layouts previously used by Mercedes-Benz.

Innovative Strength Analysis
With Asessment	Output: Gear Ratios	Innovation Elasticity^[a] Δ Output : Δ Input	Input: Main Components
With Asessment	Output: Gear Ratios	Innovation Elasticity^[a] Δ Output : Δ Input	Total	Gearsets	Brakes	Clutches

W9A Ref. Object	$n_{O1}$ $n_{O2}$	Topic^[a]	$n_{I}=n_{G}+$ $n_{B}+n_{C}$	$n_{G1}$ $n_{G2}$	$n_{B1}$ $n_{B2}$	$n_{C1}$ $n_{C2}$
Δ Number	$n_{O1}-n_{O2}$	Topic^[a]	$n_{I1}-n_{I2}$	$n_{G1}-n_{G2}$	$n_{B1}-n_{B2}$	$n_{C1}-n_{C2}$
Relative Δ	Δ Output ${\tfrac {n_{O1}-n_{O2}}{n_{O2}}}$	${\tfrac {n_{O1}-n_{O2}}{n_{O2}}}:{\tfrac {n_{I1}-n_{I2}}{n_{I2}}}$ $={\tfrac {n_{O1}-n_{O2}}{n_{O2}}}$ · ${\tfrac {n_{I2}}{n_{I1}-n_{I2}}}$	Δ Input ${\tfrac {n_{I1}-n_{I2}}{n_{I2}}}$	${\tfrac {n_{G1}-n_{G2}}{n_{G2}}}$	${\tfrac {n_{B1}-n_{B2}}{n_{B2}}}$	${\tfrac {n_{C1}-n_{C2}}{n_{C2}}}$

W9A W7A^[b]	9^[c] 7^[d]	Progress^[a]	10 11^[13]	4 4^[e]	3 4	3 3
Δ Number	2	Progress^[a]	-1	0	-1	0
Relative Δ	0.286 ${\tfrac {2}{7}}$	−3.143^[a] ${\tfrac {2}{7}}:{\tfrac {-1}{11}}={\tfrac {2}{7}}$ · ${\tfrac {-11}{1}}={\tfrac {-22}{7}}$	−0.091 ${\tfrac {-1}{11}}$	0.000 ${\tfrac {0}{4}}$	−0.250 ${\tfrac {-1}{4}}$	0.000 ${\tfrac {0}{3}}$

W9A 8HP^[f]	9^[c] 8^[c]	Current Market Position^[a]	10 9	4 4	3 2	3 3
Δ Number	1	Current Market Position^[a]	1	0	1	0
Relative Δ	0.125 ${\tfrac {1}{8}}$	1.125^[a] ${\tfrac {1}{8}}:{\tfrac {1}{9}}={\tfrac {1}{8}}$ · ${\tfrac {9}{1}}={\tfrac {9}{8}}$	0.111 ${\tfrac {1}{9}}$	0.000 ${\tfrac {0}{4}}$	0.500 ${\tfrac {1}{2}}$	0.000 ${\tfrac {0}{3}}$

9A 3-Speed^[g]	9^[c] 3^[c]	Historical Market Position^[a]	10 7	4 2	3 3	3 2
Δ Number	6	Historical Market Position^[a]	3	2	0	1
Relative Δ	2.000 ${\tfrac {2}{1}}$	4.667^[a] ${\tfrac {2}{1}}:{\tfrac {3}{7}}={\tfrac {2}{1}}$ · ${\tfrac {7}{3}}={\tfrac {14}{3}}$	0.429 ${\tfrac {3}{7}}$	1.000 ${\tfrac {1}{1}}$	0.000 ${\tfrac {0}{3}}$	0.500 ${\tfrac {1}{2}}$

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Innovation Elasticity Classifies Progress And Market Position Automobile manufacturers drive forward technical developments primarily in order to remain competitive or to achieve or defend technological leadership. This technical progress has therefore always been subject to economic constraints Only innovations whose relative additional benefit is greater than the relative additional resource input, i.e. whose economic elasticity is greater than 1, are considered for realization The required innovation elasticity of an automobile manufacturer depends on its expected return on investment. The basic assumption that the relative additional benefit must be at least twice as high as the relative additional resource input helps with orientation negative, if the output increases and the input decreases, is perfect 2 or above is good 1 or above is acceptable (red) below this is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ Direct Predecessor To reflect the progress of the specific model change ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e plus 1 reverse gear ^ plus 2 reverse gears ^ of which 2 gearsets are combined as a compound Ravigneaux gearset ^ Current Reference Standard (Benchmark) The 8HP has become the new reference standard (benchmark) for automatic transmissions ^ Historical Reference Standard (Benchmark) 3-speed transmissions with torque converters have established the modern market for automatic transmissions and thus made it possible in the first place, as this design proved to be a particularly successful compromise between cost and performance It became the archetype and dominated the world market for around 3 decades, setting the standard for automatic transmissions. It was only when fuel consumption became the focus of interest that this design reached its limits, which is why it has now completely disappeared from the market What has remained is the orientation that it offers as a reference standard (point of reference, benchmark) for this market for determining progressiveness and thus the market position of all other, later designs All transmission variants consist of 7 main components Typical examples are Turbo-Hydramatic from GM Cruise-O-Matic from Ford TorqueFlite from Chrysler Detroit Gear from BorgWarner for Studebaker BW-35 from BorgWarner and as T35 from Aisin 3N 71 from Nissan/Jatco 3 HP from ZF Friedrichshafen W3A 040 and W3B 050 from Mercedes-Benz

Layout Quality

The ratios of the 9 gears are better distributed in all versions than in the direct competitors 8HP from ZF and much better than in the 10-speed transmissions from Ford/GM and Aisin/Toyota. The only noticable weakness is the relativly small step between 5th and 6th gear and the too small one between 6th and 7th gear. This cannot be eliminated without affecting all other gears. On the other hand, this weakness is not overly significant.

All in all

the extra effort, reflected in the acceptable elasticity compared to the ZF 8HP is more than justified and
compared to the 10-speed gearboxes from Ford/GM and Aisin/Toyota, the absence of the 10th gear is more than compensated for by the significantly better distribution.

Gear Ratios
With Assessment			Weight	Planetary Gearset: Teeth^[a]				Count	Total^[b] Center^[c]	Avg.^[d]
With Assessment			Weight	Simpson		Simple^[e]		Count	Total^[b] Center^[c]	Avg.^[d]

Model Type	Version First Delivery		with Con- verter + Oil	S₁^[f] R₁^[g]	S₂^[h] R₂^[i]	S₃^[j] R₃^[k]	S₄^[l] R₄^[m]	Brakes Clutches	Ratio Span	Gear Step^[n]
Gear Ratio	R ${i_{R}}$	1 ${i_{1}}$	2 ${i_{2}}$	3 ${i_{3}}$	4 ${i_{4}}$	5 ${i_{5}}$	6 ${i_{6}}$	7 ${i_{7}}$	8 ${i_{8}}$	9 ${i_{9}}$
Step^[n]	$-{\tfrac {i_{R}}{i_{1}}}$ ^[o]	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}$ ^[p]	${\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{8}}{i_{9}}}$
Δ Step^[q]^[r]			${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}:{\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}:{\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}:{\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}:{\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}:{\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}:{\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}:{\tfrac {i_{8}}{i_{9}}}$
Shaft Speed	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{9}}}$
Δ Shaft Speed^[s]	$0-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}-0$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{9}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}$
Torque Ratio^[t]	${\tfrac {T_{2;R}}{T_{1;R}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;1}}{T_{1;1}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;2}}{T_{1;2}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;3}}{T_{1;3}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;4}}{T_{1;4}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;5}}{T_{1;5}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;6}}{T_{1;6}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;7}}{T_{1;7}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;8}}{T_{1;8}}}$	${\tfrac {T_{2;9}}{T_{1;9}}}$
Efficiency^[t]	η_R	η₁	η₂	η₃	η₄	η₅	η₆	η₇	η₈	η₉

W9A ALL 725.0	1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft)^[2] 2013^[u]		95 kg (209 lb)^[2]	46 98	44 100	36 84	34 86	3 3	9.1495 1.8194	1.3188^[n]
Gear Ratio	−4.9316^[o] $-{\tfrac {6,125}{1,242}}$	5.5032 ${\tfrac {6,835}{1,242}}$	3.3333 ${\tfrac {10}{3}}$	2.3148 ${\tfrac {125}{54}}$	1.6611^[r] ${\tfrac {299}{180}}$	1.2106 ${\tfrac {1,075}{888}}$	1.0000^[s] ${\tfrac {1}{1}}$	0.8651^[r]^[s] ${\tfrac {58,781}{67,944}}$	0.7167 ${\tfrac {43}{60}}$	0.6015 ${\tfrac {52,675}{87,576}}$
Step	0.8961^[o]	1.0000	1.6510	1.4400	1.3935	1.3722	1.2106	1.1559	1.2072	1.1915
Δ Step^[q]			1.1465	1.0333	1.0156^[r]	1.1335	1.0473	0.9575^[r]	1.0131
Speed	-1.1159	1.0000	1.6510	2.3774	3.3130	4.5459	5.5032	6.3611	7.6789	9.1495
Δ Speed	1.1159	1.0000	0.6510	0.7264	0.9356	1.2329	0.9573^[s]	0.8579^[s]	1.3178	1.4706
Torque^[t]	–4.6393	5.2806	3.2633	2.2450	1.6274	1.1957	1.0000	0.8578	0.7104	0.5902
Efficiency^[t]	0.9407	0.9595	0.9790	0.9698	0.9797	0.9877	1.0000	0.9915	0.9913	0.9813

W9A ALL 725.0	1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft)^[2] 2016^[v]		95 kg (209 lb)^[2]	46 98	44 100	37 83	34 86	3 3	8.9022 1.7946	1.3143^[n]
Gear Ratio	−4.7983^[o] $-{\tfrac {12,250}{2,553}}$	5.3545 ${\tfrac {13,670}{2,553}}$	3.2432 ${\tfrac {120}{37}}$	2.2523 ${\tfrac {250}{111}}$	1.6356^[r] ${\tfrac {3,631}{2,220}}$	1.2106 ${\tfrac {1,075}{888}}$	1.0000^[s] ${\tfrac {1}{1}}$	0.8651^[r]^[s] ${\tfrac {58,781}{67,944}}$	0.7167 ${\tfrac {43}{60}}$	0.6015 ${\tfrac {52,675}{87,576}}$
Step	0.8961^[o]	1.0000	1.6510	1.4400	1.3770	1.3511	1.2106	1.1559	1.2072	1.1915
Δ Step^[q]			1.1465	1.0457	1.0192^[r]	1.1160	1.0473	0.9575^[r]	1.0131
Speed	-1.1159	1.0000	1.6510	2.3774	3.2737	4.4231	5.3545	6.1892	7.4714	8.9022
Δ Speed	1.1159	1.0000	0.6510	0.7264	0.8964	1.1493	0.9314^[s]	0.8347^[s]	1.2822	1.4308
Torque^[t]	–4.5151	5.1392	3.1759	2.1849	1.6031	1.1957	1.0000	0.8578	0.7104	0.5902
Efficiency^[t]	0.9410	0.9598	0.9793	0.9701	0.9802	0.9877	1.0000	0.9915	0.9913	0.9813

Jatco 9AT JR913E	700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) 2019^[w]		99.5 kg (219 lb)^[16]	45 96	41 91	38 86	37 92	3 3	9.0910 1.7994	1.3177^[n]
Gear Ratio	−4.7991^[o] $-{\tfrac {45,136}{9,405}}$	5.4254 ${\tfrac {51,026}{9,405}}$	3.2632 ${\tfrac {62}{19}}$	2.2496 ${\tfrac {2,821}{1,254}}$	1.6491^[r] ${\tfrac {94}{57}}$	1.2213 ${\tfrac {8,372}{6,855}}$	1.0000^[s] ${\tfrac {1}{1}}$	0.8619^[r]^[s] ${\tfrac {18,929}{21,963}}$	0.7132 ${\tfrac {92}{129}}$	0.5968 ${\tfrac {66,976}{112,227}}$
Step	0.8846^[o]	1.0000	1.6626	1.4505	1.3641	1.3503	1.2213	1.1603	1.2085	1.1950
Δ Step^[q]			1.1462	1.0634	1.0102^[r]	1.1056	1.0526	0.9601^[r]	1.0113
Speed	-1.1305	1.0000	1.6626	2.4117	3.2899	4.4423	5.4254	6.2950	7.6074	9.0910
Δ Speed	1.1305	1.0000	0.6626	0.7491	0.8782	1.1525	0.9831^[s]	0.8696^[s]	1.3124	1.4836
Torque^[t]	–4.5149	5.2061	3.1953	2.1818	1.6161	1.2055	1.0000	0.8544	0.7069	0.5855
Efficiency^[t]	0.9408	0.9596	0.9792	0.9699	0.9800	0.9871	1.0000	0.9914	0.9912	0.9810

Ratio R & Even	$i_{R}=-{\tfrac {R_{1}R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})S_{3}}}$		$i_{2}={\tfrac {S_{3}+R_{3}}{S_{3}}}$		${\tfrac {S_{3}(S_{4}+R_{4})+R_{3}S_{4}}{S_{3}(S_{4}+R_{4})}}$ ^[e]		$i_{6}={\tfrac {1}{1}}$	$i_{8}={\tfrac {R_{4}}{S_{4}+R_{4}}}$
Ratio Odd	${\tfrac {(S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}S_{2})(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})S_{3}}}=$		$i_{3}={\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})}{(S_{2}+R_{2})S_{3}}}$		$i_{5}={\tfrac {R_{2}R_{4}}{R_{2}R_{4}-S_{2}S_{4}}}$		${\tfrac {R_{4}(S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}S_{2})}{S_{1}R_{4}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}S_{2}(S_{4}+R_{4})}}$		${\tfrac {R_{1}R_{2}R_{4}}{S_{1}S_{4}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}R_{2}(S_{4}+R_{4})}}$
Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements^[x]
Brake A^[y]	❶								❶	❶
Brake B^[z]	❶	❶		❶	(❶)^[aa]	❶		❶		❶
Brake C^[ab]	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶^[e]
Clutch D^[ac]			❶	❶		❶	❶
Clutch E^[ad]		❶	❶				❶	❶	❶
Clutch F^[ae]					❶^[e]	❶	❶	❶	❶	❶

^ Layout Input and output are on opposite sides Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side Input shafts are S₁, C₄ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 4), and, if actuated, C₁ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 1) Output shaft is C₃ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 3) ^ Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio) ${\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}$ A wider span enables the downspeeding when driving outside the city limits increase the climbing ability when driving over mountain passes or off-road or when towing a trailer ^ Ratio Span's Center $(i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}$ The center indicates the speed level of the transmission Together with the final drive ratio it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle ^ Average Gear Step $({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}$ With decreasing step width the gears connect better to each other shifting comfort increases ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Except in 4th gear when used in the Simpson configuration ^ Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1 ^ Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1 ^ Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2 ^ Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2 ^ Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3 ^ Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3 ^ Sun 4: sun gear of gearset 4 ^ Ring 4: ring gear of gearset 4 ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Standard 50:50 — 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step — With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step) and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 4) is always larger and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 4) is always smaller than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right) lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold) upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Standard R:1 — Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio — The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear no impairment when maneuvering especially when towing a trailer a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red) Above this is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ Standard 1:2 — Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible — With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step) the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which for a good speed connection and a smooth gear shift must be as small as possible A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red) Above is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d From large to small gears (from right to left) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Standard STEP — From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps — Gear steps should increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1 As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red) Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Standard SPEED — From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference — Shaft speed differences should increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one 1 difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red) 2 consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Torque Ratio And Efficiency Ratio of output torque $T_{2;Gear}$ to input torque $T_{1;Gear}$ Assumed efficiency η₀ of the combined epicyclic meshing for $i_{0}=0.9700$ Assumed efficiency η₀ of a single meshing: $0.9700^{\tfrac {1}{2}}=0.9849$ ^ First version with a gear ratio span wider than 9:1.^[10] Discontinued 2016 ^ 2nd version introduced without notice with the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W213) to reduce the step between gear 4 and 5 below the one of the 7G-Tronic (1.3684:1 [26:19])^[14] AMG SpeedShift MCT 9G is rated at 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)^[9] ^ Under license from Daimler^[15] ^ Permanently coupled elements R₁ and C₂ R₂, S₃, and S₄ ^ Blocks C₁ (carrier 1) ^ Blocks S₂ ^ Not involved. Only serves to maintain the shift logic: only one shift element is changed for step up or down ^ Blocks R₃ ^ Couples S₁ with C₁ (carrier 1) ^ Couples C₁ (carrier 1) with R₂ ^ Couples C₃ (carrier 3) with R₄

Maintenance

Compared to the predecessor gearboxes NAG1 (5G-Tronic) and NAG2 (7G-Tronic), the NAG3 gearbox is much more highly integrated, meaning that repairs are only possible by replacing entire assemblies when servicing is required.^[1] This applies, for example, to the oil filters permanently integrated in the plastic oil pan.^[10] Another example is the fully integrated mechatronic module with sensors, control unit and electrohydraulic shift plate. This module must be replaced as a unit, even if, for example, only one sensor is defective.^[10]

Nomogram

▶️ Interactive Nomogram

This nomogram is a real geometric calculator exactly representing the rotational speeds of the transmission's 3x4 = 12 internal shafts for each of its 9 ratios (+ reverse), grouped according to their 4 permanent coupling on 3 joint ordinates and 5 independent ordinates. These ordinates are positioned on the abscissa in strict accordance with the proportions of the sun gears' teeth numbers relative to those of their rings. Consequently, the output ratios on the 3rd ordinate (carrier of the third planetary gearset) follows closely those of the actual transmission. This advantageous geometric construction sets us free from Robert Willis' famous and tedious formula,^[17] because all calculations are exclusively determined by lengths ratios, respectively teeth numbers on the abscissa for the 4 epicyclic ratios, and of rotational speeds on the 3rd ordinate for the 10 gear ratios.

This nomogram reflects the version from 2013.

Legend

A: Brake (blocks S₂ sun gear)
B: Brake (blocks R₃ ring gear)
C: Brake (blocks C₁ carrier gear)
D: Clutch (couples C₃ carrier gear with R₄ ring gear)
E: Clutch (couples C₁ carrier gear with R₂ ring gear)
F: Clutch (couples S₁ sun gear with C₁ carrier gear)

Applications

Mercedes models

Mercedes C-Class

2018–2021 Mercedes-Benz W205 (all models)
2022–present Mercedes-Benz W206

Mercedes E-Class

2014–2016 Mercedes-Benz W212 (E 350 BlueTec only) available as an option to others.
2016–2023 Mercedes-Benz W213
2023–present Mercedes-Benz W214

Mercedes S-Class

2015–2021 Mercedes-Benz W222 (all except V12 models)
2021–present Mercedes-Benz W223

Mercedes V-Class

2020–present V-Class (W447) (longitudinal engines)

Mercedes GLC-Class

2015–2022 GLC (X253)
2022–present GLC (X254)

Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class

2016–2019 GLE (W166) (except 63 AMG & 350 models)
2020–present GLE (W167) (except 63 models)

Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class

2017–2019 GLS (X166) (all except AMG)
2020–present GLS (X167)

Mercedes-Benz SLK-Class

2015–2020 SLC (R172) (except 55 AMG)

Mercedes-AMG models

Mercedes-AMG SL

2022–present AMG SL (R232)

Jatco Ltd model JR913E

Nissan

2020–2024 Nissan Titan
2020–present Nissan Frontier
2023–present Nissan Z (RZ34)

Infiniti

Aston Martin

2021–present Aston Martin DBX

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "New nine-speed automatic transmission debuts in the Mercedes-Benz E 350 BlueTEC: Premiere of the new 9G-TRONIC – Daimler Global Media Site". media.mercedes-benz.com. 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "9G-Tronic · Vertiefende Informationen" (in German). Archived from the original on 2015-11-20. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c "50 years of automatic transmissions from Mercedes-Benz". media.mercedes-benz.com. 2011-04-12. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
^ "Daimler launches production of nine-speed automatic transmissions in Romania". 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
^ "Daimler-Renault-Nissan – The alliance in action".
^ "Fact Sheet:Press Releases and Project Overview Daimler & Renault-Nissan Alliance" (PDF).
^ "Jatco Technical Review No. 20 - 2021 - see cutaway model Figure 4 - p. 72" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-11-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Christoph Dörr · Henrik Kalcynksi · Anton Rink · Marcus Sommer: Nine-Speed Automatic Transmission 9G-Tronic By Mercedes-Benz (english version), in: ATZ 116 (2014) · No. 1 · pp. 20–25 · Springer Vieweg · Wiesbaden
^ ^a ^b Harald Naunheimer · Bernd Bertsche · Joachim Ryborz · Wolfgang Novak · Peter Fietkau: Fahrzeuggetriebe (in German) · Berlin/Heidelberg 2019 · pp. 571–572
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Automatic Transmission 9G-Tronic · 725.0 · System Description" (PDF). documents.epfl.ch. September 2013. Retrieved 2020-01-16. (PDF)
^ "Thomas Harloff: Neun-Gänge-Menü". 2014-05-27.
^ "Developed for in-house drive systems: The best out of 85 billion possibilities". 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
^ "Archived copy of Mercedes-Benz Automatic Transmission 722.9 Technical Training Materials". Archived from the original on 2019-06-28. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
^ "Der neue Mercedes-Benz SL: Die Legende – jetzt noch dynamischer – Daimler Global Media Site" (in German). Media.daimler.com. Retrieved 2020-01-16.
^ "Jatco Technical Review No. 20 · 2021 · pp. 71 – 74". Retrieved 2022-11-11.
^ "Jatco Technical Review No. 20 · 2021 · see Table 1 · p. 72". Retrieved 2022-11-11.
^ Robert Willis (1841). "Principles of mechanism" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-11-04.

External links

[4] Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage

[12] First version with a gear ratio span wider than 9:1.^[10] Discontinued 2016

[Progress-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Innovation Elasticity Classifies Progress And Market Position
Automobile manufacturers drive forward technical developments primarily in order to remain competitive or to achieve or defend technological leadership. This technical progress has therefore always been subject to economic constraints

Only innovations whose relative additional benefit is greater than the relative additional resource input, i.e. whose economic elasticity is greater than 1, are considered for realization

The required innovation elasticity of an automobile manufacturer depends on its expected return on investment. The basic assumption that the relative additional benefit must be at least twice as high as the relative additional resource input helps with orientation
negative, if the output increases and the input decreases, is perfect

2 or above is good

1 or above is acceptable (red)

below this is unsatisfactory (bold)

[4] Automobile manufacturers drive forward technical developments primarily in order to remain competitive or to achieve or defend technological leadership. This technical progress has therefore always been subject to economic constraints

[5] Only innovations whose relative additional benefit is greater than the relative additional resource input, i.e. whose economic elasticity is greater than 1, are considered for realization

[6] The required innovation elasticity of an automobile manufacturer depends on its expected return on investment. The basic assumption that the relative additional benefit must be at least twice as high as the relative additional resource input helps with orientation
negative, if the output increases and the input decreases, is perfect

2 or above is good

1 or above is acceptable (red)

below this is unsatisfactory (bold)

[7] negative, if the output increases and the input decreases, is perfect

[8] 2 or above is good

[9] 1 or above is acceptable (red)

[10] below this is unsatisfactory (bold)

[16] Direct Predecessor
To reflect the progress of the specific model change

[12] To reflect the progress of the specific model change

[rev-17] us 1 reverse gear

[18] us 2 reverse gears

[20] which 2 gearsets are combined as a compound Ravigneaux gearset

[21] Current Reference Standard (Benchmark)
The 8HP has become the new reference standard (benchmark) for automatic transmissions

[17] The 8HP has become the new reference standard (benchmark) for automatic transmissions

[22] Historical Reference Standard (Benchmark)
3-speed transmissions with torque converters have established the modern market for automatic transmissions and thus made it possible in the first place, as this design proved to be a particularly successful compromise between cost and performance

It became the archetype and dominated the world market for around 3 decades, setting the standard for automatic transmissions. It was only when fuel consumption became the focus of interest that this design reached its limits, which is why it has now completely disappeared from the market

What has remained is the orientation that it offers as a reference standard (point of reference, benchmark) for this market for determining progressiveness and thus the market position of all other, later designs

All transmission variants consist of 7 main components

Typical examples are
Turbo-Hydramatic from GM

Cruise-O-Matic from Ford

TorqueFlite from Chrysler

Detroit Gear from BorgWarner for Studebaker

BW-35 from BorgWarner and as T35 from Aisin

3N 71 from Nissan/Jatco

3 HP from ZF Friedrichshafen

W3A 040 and W3B 050 from Mercedes-Benz

[19] 3-speed transmissions with torque converters have established the modern market for automatic transmissions and thus made it possible in the first place, as this design proved to be a particularly successful compromise between cost and performance

[20] It became the archetype and dominated the world market for around 3 decades, setting the standard for automatic transmissions. It was only when fuel consumption became the focus of interest that this design reached its limits, which is why it has now completely disappeared from the market

[21] What has remained is the orientation that it offers as a reference standard (point of reference, benchmark) for this market for determining progressiveness and thus the market position of all other, later designs

[22] All transmission variants consist of 7 main components

[23] Typical examples are
Turbo-Hydramatic from GM

Cruise-O-Matic from Ford

TorqueFlite from Chrysler

Detroit Gear from BorgWarner for Studebaker

BW-35 from BorgWarner and as T35 from Aisin

3N 71 from Nissan/Jatco

3 HP from ZF Friedrichshafen

W3A 040 and W3B 050 from Mercedes-Benz

[24] Turbo-Hydramatic from GM

[25] Cruise-O-Matic from Ford

[26] TorqueFlite from Chrysler

[27] Detroit Gear from BorgWarner for Studebaker

[28] BW-35 from BorgWarner and as T35 from Aisin

[29] 3N 71 from Nissan/Jatco

[30] 3 HP from ZF Friedrichshafen

[31] W3A 040 and W3B 050 from Mercedes-Benz

[23] Layout
Input and output are on opposite sides

Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side

Input shafts are S₁, C₄ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 4), and, if actuated, C₁ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 1)

Output shaft is C₃ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 3)

[33] Input and output are on opposite sides

[34] Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side

[35] Input shafts are S₁, C₄ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 4), and, if actuated, C₁ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 1)

[36] Output shaft is C₃ (planetary gear carrier of gearset 3)

[24] Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio)
${\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}$

A wider span enables the
downspeeding when driving outside the city limits

increase the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road

or when towing a trailer

[38] ${\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}$

[39] A wider span enables the
downspeeding when driving outside the city limits

increase the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road

or when towing a trailer

[40] wnspeeding when driving outside the city limits

[41] rease the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road

or when towing a trailer

[42] when driving over mountain passes or off-road

[43] r when towing a trailer

[25] Ratio Span's Center
$(i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}$

The center indicates the speed level of the transmission

Together with the final drive ratio

it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle

[45] $(i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}$

[46] The center indicates the speed level of the transmission

[47] Together with the final drive ratio

[48] t gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle

[26] Average Gear Step
$({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}$

With decreasing step width
the gears connect better to each other

shifting comfort increases

[50] $({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}$

[51] With decreasing step width
the gears connect better to each other

shifting comfort increases

[52] the gears connect better to each other

[53] shifting comfort increases

[Simpson-27] Except in 4th gear when used in the Simpson configuration

[28] Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1

[29] Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1

[30] Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2

[31] Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2

[32] Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3

[33] Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3

[34] Sun 4: sun gear of gearset 4

[35] Ring 4: ring gear of gearset 4

[50:50-36] Standard 50:50
— 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step —
With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step)

and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear
the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 4) is always larger

and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 4) is always smaller

than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right)

lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold)

upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold)

[64] With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step)

[65] rticularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear
the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 4) is always larger

and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 4) is always smaller

[66] the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 4) is always larger

[67] the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 4) is always smaller

[68] than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right)

[69] wer half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold)

[70] upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold)

[R:1-37] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Standard R:1
— Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio —
The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear
no impairment when maneuvering

especially when towing a trailer

a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency

Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good

Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red)

Above this is unsatisfactory (bold)

[72] The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear
no impairment when maneuvering

especially when towing a trailer

a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency

[73] rment when maneuvering

[74] specially when towing a trailer

[75] torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency

[76] Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good

[77] Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red)

[78] Above this is unsatisfactory (bold)

[1:2-38] Standard 1:2
— Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible —
With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step)

the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which
for a good speed connection and

a smooth gear shift

must be as small as possible
A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good

Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)

Above is unsatisfactory (bold)

[80] With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step)

[81] the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which
for a good speed connection and

a smooth gear shift

[82] r a good speed connection and

[83] smooth gear shift

[84] ust be as small as possible
A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good

Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)

Above is unsatisfactory (bold)

[85] A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good

[86] Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)

[87] Above is unsatisfactory (bold)

[LS-39] From large to small gears (from right to left)

[step-40] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Standard STEP
— From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps —
Gear steps should
increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1

As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step

Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red)

Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold)

[90] Gear steps should
increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1

As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step

[91] increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1

[92] As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step

[93] Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red)

[94] Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold)

[speed-41] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Standard SPEED
— From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference —
Shaft speed differences should
increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one

1 difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red)

2 consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold)

[96] Shaft speed differences should
increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one

[97] increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one

[98] 1 difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red)

[99] 2 consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold)

[efficiency-42] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Torque Ratio And Efficiency
Ratio of output torque $T_{2;Gear}$ to input torque $T_{1;Gear}$

Assumed efficiency η₀ of the combined epicyclic meshing for $i_{0}=0.9700$

Assumed efficiency η₀ of a single meshing: $0.9700^{\tfrac {1}{2}}=0.9849$

[101] Ratio of output torque $T_{2;Gear}$ to input torque $T_{1;Gear}$

[102] Assumed efficiency η₀ of the combined epicyclic meshing for $i_{0}=0.9700$

[103] Assumed efficiency η₀ of a single meshing: $0.9700^{\tfrac {1}{2}}=0.9849$

[43] First version with a gear ratio span wider than 9:1.^[10] Discontinued 2016

[45] 2nd version introduced without notice with the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W213)
to reduce the step between gear 4 and 5 below the one of the 7G-Tronic (1.3684:1 [26:19])^[14]

AMG SpeedShift MCT 9G is rated at 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)^[9]

[106] to reduce the step between gear 4 and 5 below the one of the 7G-Tronic (1.3684:1 [26:19])^[14]

[107] AMG SpeedShift MCT 9G is rated at 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)^[9]

[47] Under license from Daimler^[15]

[49] Permanently coupled elements
R₁ and C₂

R₂, S₃, and S₄

[110] R₁ and C₂

[111] R₂, S₃, and S₄

[50] Blocks C₁ (carrier 1)

[51] Blocks S₂

[52] Not involved. Only serves to maintain the shift logic: only one shift element is changed for step up or down

[53] Blocks R₃

[54] Couples S₁ with C₁ (carrier 1)

[55] Couples C₁ (carrier 1) with R₂

[56] Couples C₃ (carrier 3) with R₄

[press_release-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "New nine-speed automatic transmission debuts in the Mercedes-Benz E 350 BlueTEC: Premiere of the new 9G-TRONIC – Daimler Global Media Site". media.mercedes-benz.com. 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2024-10-29.

[vertieft-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "9G-Tronic · Vertiefende Informationen" (in German). Archived from the original on 2015-11-20. Retrieved 2015-11-20.

[fifty_years-3] "50 years of automatic transmissions from Mercedes-Benz". media.mercedes-benz.com. 2011-04-12. Retrieved 2024-10-29.

[5] "Daimler launches production of nine-speed automatic transmissions in Romania". 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2024-10-29.

[6] "Daimler-Renault-Nissan – The alliance in action".

[7] "Fact Sheet:Press Releases and Project Overview Daimler & Renault-Nissan Alliance" (PDF).

[8] "Jatco Technical Review No. 20 - 2021 - see cutaway model Figure 4 - p. 72" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-11-11.

[ATZ-9] Christoph Dörr · Henrik Kalcynksi · Anton Rink · Marcus Sommer: Nine-Speed Automatic Transmission 9G-Tronic By Mercedes-Benz (english version), in: ATZ 116 (2014) · No. 1 · pp. 20–25 · Springer Vieweg · Wiesbaden

[MCT-10] Harald Naunheimer · Bernd Bertsche · Joachim Ryborz · Wolfgang Novak · Peter Fietkau: Fahrzeuggetriebe (in German) · Berlin/Heidelberg 2019 · pp. 571–572

[System_Description-11] "Automatic Transmission 9G-Tronic · 725.0 · System Description" (PDF). documents.epfl.ch. September 2013. Retrieved 2020-01-16. (PDF)

[13] "Thomas Harloff: Neun-Gänge-Menü". 2014-05-27.

[14] "Developed for in-house drive systems: The best out of 85 billion possibilities". 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2024-10-29.

[19] "Archived copy of Mercedes-Benz Automatic Transmission 722.9 Technical Training Materials". Archived from the original on 2019-06-28. Retrieved 2019-06-28.

[44] "Der neue Mercedes-Benz SL: Die Legende – jetzt noch dynamischer – Daimler Global Media Site" (in German). Media.daimler.com. Retrieved 2020-01-16.

[46] "Jatco Technical Review No. 20 · 2021 · pp. 71 – 74". Retrieved 2022-11-11.

[48] "Jatco Technical Review No. 20 · 2021 · see Table 1 · p. 72". Retrieved 2022-11-11.

[57] Robert Willis (1841). "Principles of mechanism" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-11-04.

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