Muhammad Umar Babrakzai

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Muhammad Umar Babrakzai
محمد عمر ببرکزی
Babrakzai in 1983
Tribal chief of the Zadran tribe
Assumed office
before 1980
Preceded byUnknown, possibly Abdulla Khan Jadran Yawan
Supreme Court justice
In office
c. 1960/70s – before 1979

Muhammad Umar Babrakzai (fl. 1980 – present) is the tribal chief of the Zadran tribe and Afghan jurist.

Background and early life[edit]

Babrakzai is the grandson of Babrak Khan, a previous Zadran chieftain who died in 1924 or 1925, though it's unclear through what father.[1]

It is unknown who preceded Babrakzai as chieftain. It was possibly Abdulla Khan Jadran Yawan, who was chieftain as of 1969,[2] although it's unclear if Babrakzai was Abdulla's immediate successor or if someone else was chieftain between them.

At some point, Babrakzai moved to France where he received an education. Upon returning to Afghanistan, he became part of Kingdom of Afghanistan's elite. At some point after King Mohammed Zahir Shah initiated a period of democratic reforms with the 1964 constitution, Babrakzai served as Supreme Court justice.[3][4]

Tribal chief[edit]

Babrakzai attending a meeting with Ronald Reagan in 1983.

Babrakzai opposed the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The authors of Out of Afghanistan describe him as being the "prime mover" of the initial Afghan resistance, due to him forming a "national council" to map out an Afghan response.[5] He joined the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan,[4] became the chairman of a pro-resistance loya jirga, and also organized a jirga in Peshawar. In addition, Babrakzai maintained contacts with France during this period, and helped French activists to set up a International People's Tribunal in Paris.[3]

Babrakzai continued to resist the Soviets during the rest of the Soviet–Afghan War. In 1983, he attended a meeting with US president Ronald Reagan.[6] An image of this meeting later became an internet meme, where Babrakzai and other members of the meeting were falsely described as Taliban officials, even though the Taliban had not been formed yet by that time.[7] Despite his regional influence, however, Babrakzai had little control over the militants in his tribal territories, over whom Jalaluddin Haqqani gained more control.[3]

Babrakzai continues to be tribal chief as of 2019.[8]

Family[edit]

Mazar Khan[9]
fl. late 19th century
Babrak Khan
d. 1924 or 1925		Khan Muhammad[10]
Mazrak Zadran
fl. 1900s – 1972		Said Akbar Babrak[11]
b. 1921 or 1922
d. 16 Oct 1951		Sher Muhd Khan[12]
fl. 1925 – 1947		Izmair[13]
fl. 1925 – 1945		5 or 14 others[note 1]
Dilawar Khan[17]
b. 1939 or 1940		Muhammad Umar Babrakzai[note 2]
fl. 1980
  1. ^ Sources disagree how many sons Babrak had - Jamna Das Akhtar states that Babrak had 18 sons,[14] while a Pakistani government inquiry titled The Assassination of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan states that Babrak had 9 sons.[15] David B. Edwards states that Babrak had 2 sons,[16] but this appears to be false, as at least 4 of his son's names are known.
  2. ^ Muhammad Umar Babrakzai was Babrak Khan's grandchild[18] although it's unclear through what father.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Brown, Vahid; Rassler, Don (2013). Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Nexus, 1973-2012. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-932798-0.
  2. ^ Akhtar, Jamna Das (1969). Political conspiracies in Pakistan: Liaquat Ali's murder to Ayub Khan's exit. Punjabi Pustak Bhandar. p. 223.
  3. ^ a b c Rubin, Barnett R. (2002). The Fragmentation of Afghanistan. State Formation and Collapse in the International System (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 194. ISBN 0300095198.
  4. ^ a b Rubin, Barnett R. (2002). The Fragmentation of Afghanistan. State Formation and Collapse in the International System (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 287. ISBN 0300095198.
  5. ^ Cordovez, Diego; Harrison, Selig S. (1995-06-29). Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal. Oxford University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-19-536268-8.
  6. ^ "C12819 (01)". Ronald Reagan. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
  7. ^ "Fact Check-Photo does not show Ronald Reagan 'meeting with the Taliban' in the 80s". Reuters. 2021-08-23. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
  8. ^ "Govt Proposes Lists For Negotiating Team, Reconciliation Council". TOLOnews. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
  9. ^ "ببرک خان ځدراڼ/صفيه حليم". dawatmedia24. 18 August 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  10. ^ Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975). Historical and Political Who's who of Afghanistan (PDF). Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. p. 130. ISBN 978-3-201-00921-8.
  11. ^ Fetherling, George (2011-11-16). "AKBAR, Said". The Book of Assassins. Random House of Canada. ISBN 978-0-307-36909-3.
  12. ^ Yapp, Malcolm (2001). British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the foreign office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Near and Middle-East 1947. Afghanistan, Persia and Turkey, january 1947-december 1947. University Publications of America. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-55655-765-1.
  13. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20041217215440/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/pakistan/pakintrigue.htm
  14. ^ Akhtar, Jamna Das (1969). Political conspiracies in Pakistan: Liaquat Ali's murder to Ayub Khan's exit. Punjabi Pustak Bhandar. p. 224.
  15. ^ The Assassination of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan: Report of the Commission of Enquiry. Manager of Publications. 1952. p. 11.
  16. ^ Edwards, David B. (2002-04-02). Before Taliban: Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad. University of California Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-520-22861-0.
  17. ^ Zaidi, Syed (2010). "The Assassination of the Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan: The Fateful Journey" (PDF). nihcr.edu.pk. p. 81. Dilawar Khan was eleven years old boy. He was the son of Said Akbar, the alleged assassin
  18. ^ Brown, Vahid; Rassler, Don (2013). Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Nexus, 1973-2012. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-932798-0.
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